Retrofit solutions to meet Euro VI requirements
12th March 2015
Dan Williams
Account Executive – HDD Non-road and Retrofit
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Global legislation chart
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Background
• Many countries are facing EU infraction proceedings for exceeding levels of harmful pollutants.
• There has been an increased focus on Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) with London and Paris recently coming under the spotlight.
• Currently within the UK 16 out of 43 zones are not complying with the EU annual limits for NO2 (40μg/m³) with some breaking the hourly limit (200 μg/m³).
• Many European countries and cities are looking to initiate Low Emission Zones (or schemes) that will target reducing emissions of NOX and NO2 with either defined limits, or stipulating a minimum Euro standard of vehicle being able to enter the zone.
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Transport for London - ULEZ
• Transport for London (TfL) have recently published, as part of the Ultra-Low Emission Zone (ULEZ) consultation process a list of typical emissions of double-deck buses operating in London.
• These have been measured over the Millbrook London Transport Bus (MLTB) drive cycle.
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What is considered Euro VI ‘equivalent’?
• Meeting equivalent emissions levels over a ‘real world driving cycle’ such as MLTB?
• Meeting Euro VI emissions targets over a simulated legislative test such as World Harmonised Vehicle Cycle (WHVC)*?
• Meeting all requirements as defined in EU directive No 595/2009 for Euro VI type approval?
• Meeting in-field conformity requirements (still to be defined by the European Commission)?
• Additional consideration for Secondary Emissions of Nitrous Oxide (N2O) and Methane (CH4) – Not currently legislated in Europe?
*NB: WHVC is NOT used for regulatory testing
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Transport for London view on ‘Euro VI’
Target emissions:
• NOX – 0.5g/km• NO2 – 0.1g/km• PM – 0.01g/km• PN – 6.0x1011
Secondary Emissions:
• <10ppm NH3
• <5% CO2eq of N2O and CH4
Courtesy of Finn Coyle (Over-ground Emissions Manager TfL)
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Testing Methods
• Chassis Dynamometer testing:• MLTB• WHVC
• Engine Testbed:• WHTC
• PEMS – in-field
• Other methods?
• Retrofit NOX monitoring/logging physical downloads?
• Remote monitoring solutions?
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Chassis Dyno testingMLTB and WHVC
MLTB:• Simulating real world conditions for
route 159 (Streatham to Baker Street via Whitehall and Oxford Street)
• Considered the UK (and some European) standard for bus emissions testing
WHVC:• Chassis dynamometer test
developed based on the same set of data used for the development of the World Harmonized Transient Cycle
• NB: NOT used for regulatory testing
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PEMS – Portable Emissions Measurement System
• Specialist equipment that can measure emissions of vehicles whilst operating in real world conditions.
• Used by Brighton and Hove (with Ricardo AEA) to monitor bus fleet ahead of LEZ introduction
Air Quality News - November 28, 2014
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Potential challenges?
• Removal of existing after treatment system
• Limited space to install new after treatment system
• Meeting emissions for legislative and ULEZ limits
• On-board diagnostic integration
• VCA Type Approval if removing existing aftertreatment
• Every vehicle has different requirements / challenges
• Local regulations
• Temperatures required for reductant (AdBlue™) injection
• Hybrid start/stop technology and associated thermal management
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