Medical TerminologyMedical TerminologyA LIVING LANGUAGEA LIVING LANGUAGE
CHAPTER
Fifth EditionFifth Edition
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Respiratory System
7
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Multimedia Directory
Slide 17Respiratory System AnimationSlide 58Respiratory Rate Assessment VideoSlide 76Respiratory Therapy Video Slide 89Asthma VideoSlide 93COPD VideoSlide 94Cystic Fibrosis VideoSlide 100Tuberculosis Testing VideoSlide 110Oximetry VideoSlide 111Spirometry VideoSlide 116Nebulizer VideoSlide 117Metered Dose Inhaler VideoSlide 120Nasal Cannula Video
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Respiratory System at a Glance
• Functions of the Respiratory System Inhale fresh air into lungs Exchange oxygen for carbon dioxide Exhale stale air
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Respiratory System at a Glance
• Organs of the Respiratory System Nasal cavity Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchial tubes Lungs
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Respiratory System Illustrated
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Respiratory System Combining Forms
• aer/o – air• alveol/o – alveolus; air sac• anthrac/o – coal• atel/o – incomplete• bronch/o – bronchus• bronchi/o – bronchus• bronchiol/o – bronchiole• coni/o – dust
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Respiratory System Combining Forms
• diaphragmat/o – diaphragm• epiglott/o – epiglottis• laryng/o – larynx• lob/o – lobe• nas/o – nose• muc/o – mucus• orth/o – straight, upright• ox/o, ox/i – oxygen
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Respiratory System Combining Forms
• pharyng/o – pharynx• pleur/o – pleura • pneum/o – lung, air• pneumon/o – lung, air• pulmon/o – lung• rhin/o – nose• sept/o – wall• sinus/o – sinus, cavity
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Respiratory System Combining Forms
• spir/o – breathing• trache/o – trachea, windpipe• tuss/o – cough
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Respiratory System Suffixes
• –capnia carbon dioxide• –osmia smell• –phonia voice• –plegia paralysis• –pnea breathing• –ptysis spitting• –spasm involuntary muscle contraction
• –thorax chest
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Anatomy and Physiology
• Cells of body require constant gas exchange Delivery of oxygen Removal of carbon dioxide
• Respiratory system works in conjunction with cardiovascular system to meet this need
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Respiration
• Must be continuous to meet cells’ needs
• Subdivided into three distinct parts: Ventilation Inhalation Exhalation
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Ventilation
• Flow of air between outside environment and lungs
• Inhalation Flow of air into lungs Brings fresh oxygen into air sacs
• Exhalation Flow of air out of lungs Removes carbon dioxide from body
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
External Respiration
• Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in lungs
• Gases diffuse in opposite directions• Oxygen
Leaves air sacs and enters blood stream
• Carbon dioxide Leaves blood stream and enters air sacs
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Internal Respiration
• Oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange at cellular level
• Oxygen Leaves bloodstream and is delivered to tissue
Used immediately for metabolism• Carbon dioxide
Waste product of metabolism Leaves tissue and enters bloodstream
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Respiratory System Organs
• Nasal cavity• Pharynx• Larynx• Trachea• Bronchial tubes • Lungs
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Respiratory System Animation
Click on the screenshot to view an animation of the respiratory system.
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Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Nasal Cavity
• Air enters through nares
• Nasal cavity divided by nasal septum
• Palate in roof of mouth separates nasal cavity above from mouth below
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Nasal Cavity
• Cilia Small hairs line opening to nasal cavity
Filter out large dirt particles before they can enter lungs
• Walls of nasal cavity and nasal septum Made of flexible cartilage Covered with mucous membrane
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Nasal Cavity
• Much of respiratory tract is coved with mucous membrane Mucus is thick and sticky secretion of membrane
Cleanses air by trapping dust and bacteria
• Capillaries in mucous membranes Warm air Humidify air
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Nasal Cavity
• Paranasal sinuses Located within facial bones Echo chamber for sound production Gives resonance to voice
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Figure 7.1Sagittal section of upper respiratory system illustrating the internal
anatomy of the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, and trachea.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Pharynx
• Commonly called throat
• Used by respiratory and digestive systems
• At end of pharynx Air enters trachea Food and liquids enter esophagus
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Three Subdivisions of Pharynx
• Nasopharynx Upper section by nasal cavity
• Oropharynx Middle section by oral cavity
• Laryngopharynx Lower section by larynx
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Tonsils
• Lymphatic tissue Removes pathogens in air and food
• Three pairs Adenoids Palatine Lingual
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Eustachian or Auditory Tube
• Opening found in nasopharynx
• Other end opens into middle ear
• Tube opens with each swallow Equalizes air pressure between middle ear and outside atmosphere
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Figure 7.1Sagittal section of upper respiratory system illustrating the internal
anatomy of the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, and trachea.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Larynx
• Commonly called voice box
• Muscular tube between pharynx and trachea
• Contains vocal cords
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Larynx
• Walls of larynx Composed of cartilage plates
Held in place by ligaments and muscles
Thyroid cartilage forms the Adam’s apple
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Vocal Cords
• Folds of membranous tissue Not actually cord-like in structure
• Vibrate to produce sound as air passes through opening between folds Called glottis
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Figure 7.2The vocal cords within the larynx, superior view from the pharynx.
(CNRI/Photo Researchers, Inc.)
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Epiglottis
• Flap of cartilage• Sits above glottis
• Covers larynx and trachea during swallowing Food goes into esophagus
Not into trachea
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Figure 7.1Sagittal section of upper respiratory system illustrating the internal
anatomy of the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, and trachea.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Trachea
• Commonly called windpipe
• Carries air from larynx to main bronchi
• Approximately four inches in length
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Figure 7.3Structure of the trachea which extends from the larynx above to the main
bronchi below.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Trachea
• Tube composed of: Smooth muscle Cartilage rings
• Lined with mucous membrane and cilia Assists in cleansing, warming, and moisturizing air as it travels to lungs
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Bronchial Tubes
• Distal end of trachea divides Forms left and right main or primary bronchi
• Each bronchus enters a lung
• Branches to form secondary and tertiary bronchi
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Figure 7.4The bronchial tree, note how each main bronchus enters a lung and then
branches into smaller and smaller primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, and bronchioles.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Alveoli
• Bronchi continue to branch to form narrow bronchioles
• Bronchiole terminates in alveoli
• Approximately 150 million alveoli in each lung
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Respiratory Membrane
• Pulmonary capillaries encase each alveolus
• Alveoli wall + capillary wall forms respiratory membrane External respiration takes place across respiratory membrane
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Figure 7.5A) Each bronchiole terminates in an alveolar sac, a group of alveoli. B) Alveoli encased by network capillaries, forming the respiratory membrane.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Lungs
• Each is total collection of bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
• Two lungs Right lung has 3 lobes
Left lung has 2 lobes
• Spongy because they contain air
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Lungs
• Apex Pointed superior portion
• Base Broad lower area
• Hilum Entry and exit point
Bronchi, blood vessels, nerves
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Lungs
• Protected externally by the ribs
• Protected internally by double membrane called pleura
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Pleura
• Parietal pleura Outer membrane that lines wall of chest cavity
• Visceral pleura Inner membrane that adheres to surface of lungs
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Pleura
• Pleura is folded to form a sac around each lung called pleural cavity
• Serous fluid between two pleural layers reduces friction when two layers rub together during ventilation
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Figure 7.6Position of the lungs within the thoracic cavity, anterior view
illustrating lung structure and their relationship to other thoracic organs.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Pulmonary Function Tests
• It is important to measure actual volume of air flowing in and out of lungs Can then determine lung capacity
• Respiratory therapist Measures lung volumes Pulmonary function tests
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Lung Volumes
Tidal volume (TV)
Volume of air moving in and out of lungs in a single relaxed breath
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
Volume of air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal inhale
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
Volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal exhale
Residual volume (RV)
Volume of air remaining in lungs after a forced exhale
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Lung Capacities
Inspiratory capacity (IC)
Tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume
Functional residual capacity (FRC)
Expiratory reserve volume + residual volume
Vital capacity (VC)
Inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume
Total lung capacity (TLC)
Inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume + residual volume
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Respiratory Muscles - Inhalation
• Diaphragm Muscle separates abdomen from thoracic cavity
Contracts and moves down into abdominal cavity
Causes decrease of pressure, negative pressure, within chest cavity
Air then enters lungs (inhalation) to equalize pressure
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Respiratory Muscles - Inhalation
• Intercostal muscles Located between ribs Raise rib cage to further enlarge thoracic cavity
Increases negative pressure Assists with forceful inhalation
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Figure 7.7A) Bell jar apparatus demonstrating how downward movement of the diaphragm results in air flowing into the lungs. B) Action of the intercostal muscles
lifts the ribs to assist the diaphragm in enlarging the volume of the thoracic cavity.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Respiratory Muscles - Exhalation
• Unforced exhale results when: Diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax
Thoracic cavity becomes smaller Creates positive thoracic pressure Air flows out of lungs to equalize pressure
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Respiratory Muscles - Exhalation
• For forceful exhale Use additional chest and neck muscles to further decrease size of thoracic cavity
Create greater positive pressure
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Respiratory Rate
• One of the vital signs (VS), along with heart rate, temperature, and blood pressure
• Respiratory rate dependent on level of CO2 in blood
• When CO2 level is high, we breathe more rapidly to expel excess
• If CO2 levels drop, respiratory rate will also drop until CO2 builds up in bloodstream
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Respiratory Rates by Age Group
Age
• Newborn• 1-year-old• 16-year-old• Adult
Respirations per Minute
• 30-60• 18-30• 16-20• 12-20
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Respiratory Rate Assessment Video
Click on the screenshot to view a video on assessing respiratory rate.
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Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Additional Combining Forms
• angi/o – vessel• arteri/o – artery• bi/o – life• carcin/o – cancer• cardi/o – heart• cortic/o – outer region, cortex• cyan/o – blue• cyst/o – cyst, bladder
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Additional Combining Forms
• cyt/o – cell• embol/o – plug• fibr/o – fibers• hem/o – blood• hist/o – tissue• ot/o – ear• py/o – pus• somn/o – sleep
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Additional Combining Forms
• thorac/o – chest
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Additional Suffixes
• -al pertaining to• -algia pain• -ar pertaining to• -ary pertaining to• -centesis puncture to withdraw
fluid• -dynia pain• -eal pertaining to
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Additional Suffixes
• -ectasis dilation• -ectomy surgical removal• -emia blood condition• -genic produced by• -gram record• -graphy process of recording• -ia condition• -ial pertaining to
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Additional Suffixes
• -ic pertaining to• -ism state of• -itis inflammation• -logy study of• -lytic destruction• -meter instrument to measure• -metry process of measuring• -oma tumor
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Additional Suffixes
• -osis abnormal condition• -ostomy surgically create opening
• -otomy cutting into• -plasm formation• -plasty surgical repair• -rrhagia abnormal flow condition
• -rrhea discharge
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Additional Suffixes
• -scope instrument for viewing
• -scopy process of visually examining
• -stenosis narrowing• -tic pertaining to
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Additional Prefixes
• a- without• an- without• anti- against• brady- slow• de- without• dys- abnormal, difficult• endo- within• eu- normal
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Additional Prefixes
• hyper- excessive• hypo- insufficient• pan- all• poly- many• tachy- fast
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Anatomical Terms
alveolar pertaining to the alveoli
bronchial pertaining to a bronchus
bronchiolar pertaining to a bronchiole
diaphragmatic pertaining to the diaphragm
epiglottic pertaining to the epiglottis
laryngeal pertaining to the larynx
nasal pertaining to the nose
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Anatomical Terms
pharyngeal pertaining to the pharynx
pleural pertaining to the pleura
pulmonary pertaining to a lung
septal pertaining to the nasal septum
thoracic pertaining to the chest
tracheal pertaining to the trachea
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Building Anatomical Terms
• Bronchial
Pertaining to a bronchus• Bronchiolar
Pertaining to a bronchiole
bronchi/o+ -al
bronchiol/o+ -ar
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Building Anatomical Terms
• Laryngeal
Pertaining to the larynx• Pharyngeal
Pertaining to the pharynx
laryng/o+ -eal
pharyng/o + -eal
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Medical Specialties
internal medicine
Branch of medicine involving the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and conditions of internal organs such as the respiratory system; physician is an internist.
otorhinolaryngology
Branch of medicine involving the diagnosis and treatment of conditions and diseases of the ear, nose, and throat region; physician is an otorhinolaryngologist.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Medical Specialties
pulmonology
Branch of medicine involved in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the respiratory system; physician is a pulmonologist.
thoracic surgery
Branch of medicine involving the diagnosis and treatment of conditions and diseases of the respiratory system by surgical means; physician is a thoracic surgeon.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Medical Specialties
respiratory therapy
Allied health specialty that assists patients with respiratory and cardiopulmonary disorders. Duties of a respiratory therapist include conducting pulmonary function tests, monitoring oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood, administering breathing treatments, and ventilator management.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Respiratory Therapy Video
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Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Signs and Symptoms
anosmia lack of the sense of smell
anoxiaunable to obtain oxygen from inhaled air
aphonia being unable to produce sound
apnea not breathing
asphyxialack of oxygen; can lead to unconsciousness and death
aspiration
withdrawing fluid using suction; removing phlegm from patient’s airway; inhaling food or liquid into trachea
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Signs and Symptoms
bradypneabreathing too slowly; low respiratory rate
bronchiectasis
having dilated bronchi
bronchospasminvoluntary contraction of smooth muscle in bronchial walls
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
abnormal breathing pattern with long periods of apnea followed by deep & rapid breathing
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Signs and Symptoms
clubbingabnormal widening and thickening of fingers due to chronic oxygen deficiency
cracklesabnormal crackling sound during inspiration; indicates fluid or mucus in airway; also called rales
cyanosisblue skin caused by low oxygen in blood
dysphonia difficulty producing sound
dyspnea difficult or labored breathing
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Signs and Symptoms
epistaxis a nosebleed
eupneanormal breathing and respiratory rate
hemoptysiscough up blood or blood-stained sputum
hemothoraxpresence of blood in the chest cavity
hypercapniaexcessive carbon dioxide in the body
hyperpnea taking deep breaths
hyperventilation
breathing too fast and too deep
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Signs and Symptoms
hypocapniaInsufficient levels of carbon dioxide in the blood
hypopnea taking shallow breaths
hypoventilation
breathing too slow and too shallow
hypoxemiahaving insufficient oxygen in the bloodstream
hypoxiareceiving insufficient amount of oxygen from inhaled air
laryngoplegiaparalysis of the muscles controlling the larynx
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Signs and Symptoms
orthopneadifficulty breathing made worse by lying flat; patient breaths better sitting up
pansinusitis
inflammation of all the paranasal sinuses
patent open or unblocked
phlegmthick mucus secreted by respiratory tract
pleural rubgrating sound made when layers of pleura rub together during respiration
pleurodynia pleural pain
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Signs and Symptoms
pyothorax presence of pus in the chest cavity
rhinitis inflammation of the nasal cavity
rhinorrhagia
rapid flow of blood from the nose
rhinorrheafluid discharge from the nose; runny nose
rhonchimusical sound during expiration; caused by bronchial tube spasms
shortness of breath (SOB)
indicates that a patient is having difficulty breathing; also called dyspnea
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Signs and Symptoms
sputumphlegm coughed up from respiratory tract
stridorharsh, high-pitched breath sound; indicates obstruction in the airway
tachypneabreathing fast; high respiratory rate
thoracalgia chest pain; not angina pectoris
tracheostenosis
narrowing of the trachea
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Building Signs & Symptoms Terms
• Hypoxia
Condition of insufficient oxygen• Pyothorax
Pus in the chest (cavity)
hypo- + -ia+ ox/o
py/o + -thorax
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Building Signs & Symptoms Terms
• Pansinusitis
Inflammation of all sinsues• Tachypnea
Breathing too fast
pan- + -itis+ sinus/o
tachy- + -pnea
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Upper Respiratory System Pathology
croupacute respiratory condition in children; characterized by barking type of cough
diphtheria
bacterial infection characterized by formation of thick membranous film across throat; high mortality rate
laryngitis
inflammation of the larynx
naso-pharyngitis
inflammation of the nose and pharynx; commonly called the common cold
pertussisbacterial infection of upper respiratory system; characterized by whooping cough
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Bronchial Tube Pathology
asthmadifficulty breathing caused by bronchospasms, dyspnea, coughing, and wheezing
bronchiectasis
enlarged bronchi due to destruction of bronchial wall; result of infections
bronchitis inflammation of a bronchus
bronchogenic carcinoma
cancerous tumor originating in bronchi
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Asthma Video
Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of asthma.
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Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Figure 7.8Color enhanced X-ray of large malignant tumor in right lower lung.
(Du Cane Medical Imagingm Ltd./Photo Researchers, Inc.)
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Lung Pathology
adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
acute respiratory failure; characterized by tachypnea, dyspnea, cyanosis, and hypoxemia
anthracosis
type of pneumoconiosis; coal dust collecting in lungs; also called black lung or miner’s lung
asbestosistype of pneumoconiosis; asbestos fibers collecting in lungs
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Lung Pathology
atelectasiscondition in which alveoli in a portion of lung collapses; prevents gas exchange in lung
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
progressive, chronic, and usually irreversible group of conditions; like emphysema; lungs have decreased capacity to function
cystic fibrosis (CF)
genetic condition; produces very thick mucus that causes severe congestion in lungs
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
COPD Video
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Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Cystic Fibrosis Video
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Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Lung Pathology
emphysemachronic lung condition characterized by destruction of alveolar walls
histoplasmosis fungal infection of the lungs
infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS)
most common in premature infants; characterized by tachypnea; previously called hyaline membrane disease
influenzaviral infection of respiratory system
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Lung Pathology
Legionnaire’s disease
severe bacterial infection causing pneumonia, liver, and kidney damage
Mycoplasma pneumonia
less severe but longer lasting form of bacterial pneumonia; also called walking pneumonia
pneumoconiosisaccumulation of foreign particles, such as coal dust, in the lungs
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Lung Pathology
pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP)
pneumonia caused by a fungus; an opportunistic infection seen in AIDS patients
pneumoniainflammatory condition of lungs; results in alveoli filling with fluid
pulmonary edemaexcessive amount of tissue fluid accumulating in the lung tissues
pulmonary embolism
floating blood clot obstructs pulmonary artery; causes infarct of lung tissue
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Lung Pathology
pulmonary fibrosis
formation of fibrous scar tissue in lung; reduced ability to expand lungs
severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
acute viral respiratory infection; begins like flu but quickly progresses; very high mortality rate
silicosistype of pneumoconiosis; accumulation of silica dust in lungs
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Lung Pathology
sleep apneabreathing stops repeatedly during sleep; causes drop in oxygen levels
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
unexpected and unexplained death of apparently well infant; stops breathing for unknown reasons
tuberculosis (TB)bacterial lung infection; results in inflammation and calcification of lungs
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Tuberculosis Testing Video
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Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Pleural Cavity Pathology
empyemaaccumulation of pus in pleural space; also called pyothorax
pleural effusion
accumulation of fluid in pleural cavity; prevents lungs from fully expanding
pleurisyinflammation of pleura; characterized by sharp pain with each breath
pneumothoraxcollection of air in pleural cavity; may result in collapsed lung
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Figure 7.9Pneumothorax. Figure illustrates how puncture of thoracic wall and tearing of pleural membrane allows air into lung and results in collapsed lung.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Building Pathology Terms
• Apnea
Without breathing• Pneumoconiosis
Abnormal condition of dust in the lungs
a- + -pnea
pneum/o + -osis+ coni/o
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Building Pathology Terms
• Atelectasis
Incomplete dilation (collapsed)• Pneumonia
Lung condition
atel/o+ -ectasis
pneumon/o + -ia
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Clinical Laboratory Tests
arterial blood gases (ABGs)
blood test of oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood
sputum culture & sensitivity (C&S)
cultures sputum for bacterial growth, if present, then determines best antibiotic to use
sputum cytology
examining sputum for malignant cells
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Diagnostic Imaging
bronchogram X-ray record of the lungs
bronchographyX-ray of lung after inhaling radiopaque substance
chest X-rayX-ray of the organs of the thoracic cavity
pulmonary angiography
X-ray of lungs after injecting dye into blood vessel
ventilation-perfusion scan
nuclear medicine test; radioactive air is inhaled for ventilation portion; radioactive dye is injected for perfusion portion; looks for pulmonary emboli
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Endoscopic Procedures
bronchoscopeinstrument used to visually examine the bronchial tubes
bronchoscopy (Bronch)
visual examination of bronchial tubes using a bronchoscope
laryngoscopeinstrument used to visually examine the larynx
laryngoscopyvisual examination of larynx using a laryngoscope
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Figure 7.10Bronchoscopy. Figure illustrates physician using a bronchoscope to inspect
the patient’s bronchial tubes.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Pulmonary Function Tests
oximeter instrument used to measure oxygen
oximetrymeasures oxygen level in blood; uses oximeter on patient’s finger tip
pulmonary function test (PFT)
group of tests to measure air flow in and out of lungs, lung volumes, and gas exchange
spirometerinstrument used to measure lung capacity
spirometrymeasures lung capacity using a spirometer
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Oximetry Video
Click on the screenshot to view a video on performing oximetry.
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Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Spirometry Video
Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of spirometry.
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Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Additional Diagnostic Procedures
polysomnographymonitoring patient sleeping to identify sleep apnea
sweat testtest for cystic fibrosis; this disease causes large amount of salt in sweat
tuberculin skin tests (TB test)
introducing purified protein derivative (PPD) under the skin; determines if person has been exposed to TB
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Building Diagnostic Terms
• Laryngoscope
Instrument to visually examine larynx
• Laryngoscopy
Process of visually examining the larynx
laryng/o+ -scope
laryng/o + -scopy
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Building Diagnostic Terms
• Oximeter
Instrument to measure oxygen• Oximetry
Process of measuring oxygen
ox/i+ -meter
ox/i + -metry
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Respiratory Therapy
aerosol therapy
medication suspended in a mist and inhaled; delivered by a nebulizer or metered dose inhaler (single puff dose)
endotracheal intubation
placing a tube through the mouth and into the trachea to keep airway open
intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB)
method for assisting patients in breathing with a machine that produces an increase in positive thoracic pressure
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Nebulizer Video
Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of nebulizers.
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Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Metered Dose Inhaler Video
Click on the screenshot to view a video on using metered dose inhalers.
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Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Figure 7.11Endotracheal intubation. First, a lighted scope is used to identify the trachea from the esophagus. Next, the tube is placed through the pharynx and into the trachea. Finally, the scope is removed, leaving the tube in
place.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Respiratory Therapy
nasal cannula
two-pronged plastic device to deliver oxygen into the nose
postural drainage
drainage of bronchial secretions by placing patient in positions using gravity to promote drainage; cystic fibrosis treatment
supplement oxygen therapy
providing additional oxygen concentration to improve oxygen levels in bloodstream
ventilatormachine that provides artificial ventilation for a patient unable to breathe alone
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Nasal Cannula Video
Click on the screenshot to view a video on applying a nasal cannula.
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Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Surgical Procedures
bronchoplasty
surgical repair of a bronchus
laryngectomy surgical removal of the larynx
laryngoplasty
surgical repair of the larynx
lobectomy surgical removal of a lung lobe
pleurocentesis
withdrawing fluid from the pleural space
rhinoplasty surgical repair of the nose
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Surgical Procedures
thoracentesis
surgical puncture of chest wall to remove fluids; also called thoracocentesis
thoracostomyinsertion of tube (a chest tube) into chest to drain off fluid or air
thoracotomy cutting into the chest cavity
tracheotomy
emergency procedure to create an opening directly into trachea so person can breathe easier; also called tracheostomy
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Figure 7.12Thoracentesis. The needle is inserted between the ribs to withdraw fluid
from the pleural sac at the base of the left lung.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Figure 7.13A tracheotomy tube in place, inserted through an opening in the front of
the neck and anchored within the trachea.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Additional Procedures
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
emergency treatment given to persons when respiration and heart stop
Heimlich maneuver
technique for removing foreign body obstructing trachea or pharynx
percussionusing fingers to tap on surface to determine condition beneath surface
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Building Therapeutic Terms
• Endotracheal
Pertaining to within the trachea• Lobectomy
Surgical removal of a lobe (of the lung)
endo- + -al+ trache/o
lob/o + -ectomy
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Building Therapeutic Terms
• Thoracocentesis
Puncture to withdraw fluid from the chest
• Cardiopulmonary
Pertaining to the heart and lungscardi/o + -ary+ pulmon/o
thorac/o+ -centesis
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Respiratory System Pharmacology
antibiotic kills bacteria Amoxil, Cipro
antihistamine
blocks histamine released during allergy attack
Allegra, Claritan, Benadryl
antitussiverelieves urge to cough
Hycodan, Vicks Formula 44
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Respiratory System Pharmacology
bronchodilator
relaxes bronchospasms; treats asthma
Proventil, Ventolin, Theo-Dur
corticosteroids
reduces inflammation of respiratory tract
Flonase, Nasonex, Azmacort
decongestantreduces congestion in respiratory system
Afrin, Drixoral, Sudafed
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Respiratory System Pharmacology
expectorantimproves ability to cough up mucus
Robitussin, Mucinex
mucolyticliquefies mucus so it is easier to cough up
Mucomyst
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Respiratory System Abbreviations
ABGs arterial blood gases
ARDSadult respiratory distress syndrome
Bronch bronchoscopy
CO2 carbon dioxide
COPDchronic obstructive pulmonary disease
CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation
C&S culture and sensitivity
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Respiratory System Abbreviations
CTA clear to auscultation
CXR chest X-ray
DOE dyspnea on exertion
DPT diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus
ENT ear, nose, and throat
ERV expiratory reserve volume
FRC functional residual capacity
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Respiratory System Abbreviations
HMD hyaline membrane disease
IC inspiratory capacity
IPPBintermittent positive pressure breathing
IRDSinfant respiratory distress syndrome
IRV inspiratory reserve volume
LLL left lower lung
LUL left upper lung
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Respiratory System Abbreviations
MDI metered dose inhaler
O2 oxygen
PCP Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
PFT pulmonary function test
PPD purified protein derivative
R respiration
RA room air
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Respiratory System Abbreviations
RDS respiratory distress syndrome
RLL right lower lung
RML right middle lobe
RRT registered respiratory therapist
RV residual volume
RUL right upper lung
SARS severe acute respiratory syndrome
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Respiratory System Abbreviations
SIDS sudden infant death syndrome
SOB shortness of breath
TB tuberculosis
TLC total lung capacity
TPR temperature, pulse, respiration
TV tidal volume
URI upper respiratory infection
VC vital capacity
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Combining Forms Match Up
1. atel/o2. coni/o3. rhin/o4. sept/o5. spir/o
a. noseb. dustc. incompleted. walle. breathing
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Classroom Response System
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Pop Question 1
The flow of air in and out of the lungs is called:
A.External respiration B.Cellular respirationC.Ventilation D.Internal respiration
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Answer 1
The flow of air in and out of the lungs is called:
A.External respiration B.Cellular respirationC.Ventilation D.Internal respiration
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Pop Question 2
Which is NOT part of the throat?A.Oropharynx B.Tracheopharynx C.Nasopharynx D.Laryngopharynx
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Answer 2
Which is NOT part of the throat?A.Oropharynx B.Tracheopharynx C.Nasopharynx D.Laryngopharynx
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Pop Question 3
The _______ covers the larynx to keep food out of the lungs.
A.Esophagus B.Eustachian tube C.Thyroid cartilage D.Epiglottis
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Answer 3
The _______ covers the larynx to keep food out of the lungs.
A.Esophagus B.Eustachian tube C.Thyroid cartilage D.Epiglottis
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Pop Question 4
When the diaphragm contracts, air flows _________ the lungs.
A.Into B.Out of
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Answer 4
When the diaphragm contracts, air flows _________ the lungs.
A.Into B.Out of
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Pop Question 5
The air sacs in the lungs are called:
A.Bronchioles B.Alveoli C.Cilia D.Sinuses
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Answer 5
The air sacs in the lungs are called:
A.Bronchioles B.Alveoli C.Cilia D.Sinuses
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Pop Question 6
Which term means the surgical repair of the voice box?
A.Laryngectomy B.Tracheotomy C.Pharyngoplasty D.Laryngoplasty
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Answer 6
Which term means the surgical repair of the voice box?
A.Laryngectomy B.Tracheotomy C.Pharyngoplasty D.Laryngoplasty
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Pop Question 7
Which term means normal breathing and respiratory rate?
A.Dyspnea B.Eupnea C.Bradypnea D.Orthopnea
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Answer 7
Which term means normal breathing and respiratory rate?
A.Dyspnea B.Eupnea C.Bradypnea D.Orthopnea
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Pop Question 8
Which of the following is a term for a nosebleed?
A.Hemoptysis B.Patent C.Epistaxis D.Aspiration
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Answer 8
Which of the following is a term for a nosebleed?
A.Hemoptysis B.Patent C.Epistaxis D.Aspiration
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Pop Question 9
Which of the following is NOT a term for an abnormal breath sound?
A.Stridor B.Rhonchi C.Crackles D.Asphyxia
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Answer 9
Which of the following is NOT a term for an abnormal breath sound?
A.Stridor B.Rhonchi C.Crackles D.Asphyxia
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Pop Question 10
Mucus coughed up from the respiratory tract is called:
A.Sputum B.Patent C.Phlegm D.Hemoptysis
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Answer 10
Mucus coughed up from the respiratory tract is called:
A.Sputum B.Patent C.Phlegm D.Hemoptysis
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Pop Question 11
What is the common name for pertussis?
A.Flu B.Whooping cough C.Miner’s lungD.Walking pneumonia
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Answer 11
What is the common name for pertussis?
A.Flu B.Whooping cough C.Miner’s lungD.Walking pneumonia
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Pop Question 12
Overexpanded alveoli are a characteristic of which condition?
A.Emphysema B.Atelectasis C.Pleurisy D.Bronchiectasis
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Answer 12
Overexpanded alveoli are a characteristic of which condition?
A.Emphysema B.Atelectasis C.Pleurisy D.Bronchiectasis
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Pop Question 13
Which of the following is a fungal infection?
A.Diphtheria B.Legionnaire’s disease C.Cystic fibrosis D.Histoplasmosis
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Answer 13
Which of the following is a fungal infection?
A.Diphtheria B.Legionnaire’s disease C.Cystic fibrosis D.Histoplasmosis
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Pop Question 14
Which of the following is NOT a type of pneumoconiosis?
A.Tuberculosis B.Asbestosis C.Silicosis D.Anthracosis
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Answer 14
Which of the following is NOT a type of pneumoconiosis?
A.Tuberculosis B.Asbestosis C.Silicosis D.Anthracosis
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Pop Question 15
Which of the following is used to detect cancerous cells?
A.Pulmonary angiography B.Sputum cytologyC.Bronchography D.Sputum culture and sensitivity
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Answer 15
Which of the following is used to detect cancerous cells?
A.Pulmonary angiography B.Sputum cytologyC.Bronchography D.Sputum culture and sensitivity
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Pop Question 16
Which diagnostic procedure measures lung capacity?
A.Oximetry B.Polysomnography C.Spirometry D.Laryngoscopy
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Answer 16
Which diagnostic procedure measures lung capacity?
A.Oximetry B.Polysomnography C.Spirometry D.Laryngoscopy
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Pop Question 17
Which test is used to diagnose cystic fibrosis?
A.Polysomnography B.Tuberculin skin testC.Ventilation-perfusion scan D.Sweat test
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Answer 17
Which test is used to diagnose cystic fibrosis?
A.Polysomnography B.Tuberculin skin testC.Ventilation-perfusion scan D.Sweat test
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Pop Question 18
A machine that assists patients unable to breathe on their own is a(n):
A.Cardiopulmonary resuscitator B.Nasal canula C.Ventilator D.Endotracheal intubation
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Answer 18
A machine that assists patients unable to breathe on their own is a(n):
A.Cardiopulmonary resuscitator B.Nasal canula C.Ventilator D.Endotracheal intubation
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Pop Question 19
Which medication relieves the urge to cough?
A.Antitussive B.Mucolytic C.Bronchodilator D.Expectorant
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Answer 19
Which medication relieves the urge to cough?
A.Antitussive B.Mucolytic C.Bronchodilator D.Expectorant
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Pop Question 20
Which abbreviation is for a medical specialty that treats conditions of the upper respiratory system?
A.SOBB.ENTC.DPTD.SARS
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fifth EditionBonnie F. Fremgen • Suzanne S. Frucht
Answer 20
Which abbreviation is for a medical specialty that treats conditions of the upper respiratory system?
A.SOBB.ENTC.DPTD.SARS
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