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REQUIREMENTS OF THE MYANMAR SEAFARERSFOR THE INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING MARKET
MARITIME CONFERENCE MYANMAR 2018
Martin Hernqvist
The Swedish Club & ALL Academy
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My workplaces
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Extensive experience from accidents
Costa Concordia, 13 January 2012USD 1,7 billion (No 1 P&I cost)
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Extensive experience from accidents
Rena, 5 October 2011USD 425 million (No 2 P&I cost)
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Extensive experience from accidents
Cosco Busan, 7 November 2007USD 210 million (No 5 P&I cost)
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Accident experience MRM training
Maritime Resource Management (MRM)training in Manila
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MRM goal: Creating competent seafarers
Attitudes
SkillsKnowledge
Competency
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Attitudes and behaviour
• We need to change attitudes, not skills.
• What are attitudes? Why are attitudes important?
Attitudes:Your thoughts about
somebody or something
Your behaviour towardssomebody or something
depends on your attitudes
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Competency
Competency may be described as
Competency = Knowledge + Skills + Attitudes
But it is rather
Competency = (Knowledge + Skills) x Attitudes
If attitudes are poor or negative, it doesn’t matter what technical skills and knowledge you have got
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Requirements of seafarers
• No difference in the requirements of Myanmar seafarers compared with non-Myanmar seafarers
• So, is there a difference in competency? I.e. the:
Knowledge
Skills
Attitudes
• Let’s look at one important Attitude issue – ”Power Distance”
(And the related terms: ”Authority and Assertiveness”, ”Challenge and Response”)
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Authority and Assertiveness
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Question:
Why do people not “challenge” mistakes and unsafe acts?
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Seafarers attitudes to challenging
If a superior officer, or pilot, makes a mistake.Do you challenge?
• No, it is not my job.
• I might be wrong.
• No, I might lose my job.
• Never again. He hasn’t talked to me since last time.
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Challenge and Response
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No Challenge - No Response
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Back to the root of the problem:
Why do people not “challenge” mistakes and unsafe acts?
Has this to do with culture?
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Question:
What is “culture”?
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Power distance
• Hofstede’s Power Distance Index measures the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally.
• Power distance reflects how decisions of the power holders should be viewed – challenged or accepted.
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Power distance
High power distance ship Low power distance ship
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Power distance index
Malaysia 104
Panama 95
Indonesia 78
Brazil 69
France 68
Hong Kong 68
Turkey 66
Belgium 65
Thailand 64
Portugal 63
South Korea 60
Iran 58
Taiwan 58
Spain 57
Japan 54
Hungary 46
United States 40
Australia 36
U. K. 35
Finland 33
Norway 31
Sweden 31
Ireland 28
Denmark 18
Philippines 94
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Power distance, Myanmar
“Hofstede’s cultural dimensions offer some relevant insights into Myanmar culture, as consumers reported cultural traits associated with high power distance, collectivism, femininity, and uncertainty avoidance. Such findings are similar to how other Southeast Asian countries rank on Hofstede’s cultural dimensions.”
Myanmar’s Cultural Dimensions: Exploring the Relationship among the Social Identity, Attitudes towards Globalisation and Preferences of Myanmar Consumers in Yangon.
Alana Rudkin & Joseph Erba, January 2018
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Power distance, Myanmar
“One of the biggest ways to lose face in Myanmar is to be contradicted, criticised or disagreed with by a junior (e.g. a child or any kind of subordinate). Such an action shows a lack of respect, which is both embarrassing for the person being disrespected, and uncouth of the speaker.”
Cultural Atlas (https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au)
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Cultures
National
Professional
Organizational
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Cultures, attitudes and behaviour
Attitudes Behaviour
National
Professional
Organizational
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Conclusions
• Don’t forget the “Attitude” component of Competency
• Focus especially on ”Power Distance”
• Myanmar is a High Power Distance society
• Make sure you establish:
a good balance between Authority and Assertiveness
a workplace culture encouraging Challenge and Response
• Attitudes can be changed but time, training and some efforts are required
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Thank you!
I do hope that you shall rememberwhat we discussed at this Conference in November,
I have given you some useful tipsthat can be used both ashore and on board ships,
Feel free to send me a mail, or give me a callI’d like to hear from you all,
I can even come back to where you are‘cause I don’t live very far from Myanmar.
Martin Hernqvist
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