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LESSON 5: MITOSIS & MEIOSIS
COPYING A
CELL
MAKINGSEX
CELLS
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WHY MAKE NEW CELLS?
1.The production of more cells isessential to creating ospring
(babies)2.More cells allows replacing old,damaged cells.3.Used for growth of an organism b
ma!ing more cells.
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"efore we mo#e on$%t&s important to remember that thisis an introduction to chromosomesand '. *e will be loo!ing at the
wa most +lant and nimal cellsreproduce$ but there are more tpesof life out there, and coping theircells doesn&t alwas wor! the same
BUT WAIT!
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HOW ARE NEW CELLS MADE?
DNA IS A CELL PLANNER
-ound in the ucleus of a cell, 'pro#ides instructions for how a cellshould grow.
6thgr
ade
Ref
resher!
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HOW ARE NEW CELLS MADE?
CHROMOSOMES ARE DNA PACKAGES
*hen it&s time for ' to be copiedand split into two cells, it ta!es theshape of a hromosome to ma!e themo#ement less tangled.
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HOW ARE NEW CELLS MADE?
EACH CHROMOSOME/DNA STRANDCONTAINS MANY GENES
/ach gene in a chromosome isresponsible for building ormaintaining a speci0c part of an
organism&s bod.This blue band might bea gene to build our s!in
color.
This orange band mightcontrol whether ou areleft or righthanded
(Usuall !"#$%s a'$! )u#!' !"#s s#*+l', !"-u%".
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HUMAN CHROMOSOMES (01 PAIRS
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W"#2" -3 !"' 3-ll-4#$% 2-$!a#$s
!"' ALL -3 !"' #$s!u2!#-$s 3-"-4 a 2'll s"-ul 6' 2'a!'?A. C"-*-s-*'s
7. G'$'s
C. C!-+las*
D. C'll Wall
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Pla$! 2'lls 2-$!a#$
2"-*-s-*'s.
A. Tu'7. 8als'
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HOW ARE NEW CELLS MADE?
TWO TYPES O8 CELLS
%n most animals and plants there aretwo tpes of cells$
$ and both tpes of cells are made indierent wa, and perform dierentfunctions.
BODY
CELLS
!
SEX
CELLS
!
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7ODY CELLS 9S. SEX CELLS
"od cells are used
to create all theparts that ma!e upan organism.
e cells are used
to create newospring throughseualreproduction.
SPERMCELL
MUSCLE
CELL
7ONE
CELL
NER9E
CELL
EGGCELL
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"efore we mo#e on$4ou&ll notice that all of the cellsmentioned pre#iousl were humanbod cells
5owe#er, 66 organisms are made ofcells. ll organisms ha#e "7'4/66. 7nl organisms that seuall
reproduce ha#e /8 /66.
BUT WAIT!
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LESSON 5: MITOSIS & MEIOSIS
COPYING A
CELL
MAKINGSEX
CELLS
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MITOSIS 9S. MEIOSES
M%T7% 9 ma!inga perfect: cop ofa bod cell.
"egins li!e this$
M/%7% 9 ma!inga se cell.
"egins li!e this$
MITOSIS 9S MEIOSES
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MITOSIS 9S. MEIOSES
M%T7% 9 ma!inga perfect: cop ofa bod cell.
/nds li!e this$
M/%7% 9 ma!inga se cell.
/nds li!e this$
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W"a!s !"' +-u2! -3 *'#-s#s?
A. 0 2'lls 4#!" 3ull s'!s -3 2"-*-s-*'s.
7. 0 2'lls 4#!" "al3 s'!s -32"-*-s-*'s.
C. 2'lls 4#!" 3ull s'!s -3 2"-*-s-*'s.
D. 2'lls 4#!" "al3 s'!s -32"-*-s-*'s.
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W"a!s !"' +-u2! -3 *#!-s#s?
A. 0 2'lls 4#!" 3ull s'!s -3 2"-*-s-*'s.
7. 0 2'lls 4#!" "al3 s'!s -3
2"-*-s-*'s.
C. 2'lls 4#!" 3ull s'!s -3 2"-*-s-*'s.
D. 2'lls 4#!" "al3 s'!s -3
2"-*-s-*'s.
MITOSIS 9S MEIOSES
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MITOSIS 9S. MEIOSES
M%T7% 9 ma!ing
a perfect: cop ofa bod cell.
hromosomes
op$
M/%7% 9 ma!ing
a se cell.
hromosomes
wap$
MITOSIS 9S MEIOSES
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MITOSIS 9S. MEIOSES
M%T7% 9 ma!inga perfect: cop ofa bod cell.
*h Mitosis;To
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C"-*-s-*'s a' #;''$! #$
s'< 2'lls a$ 6- 2'lls.W"#2" -3 !"' 3-ll-4#$% #s !"'-$l 4a !"a! !"' a' s#*#la?
A. T"' 6-!" "a=' >2-ss-='@.
7. T"' 6-!" "a=' a s#$%l'2"-*-s-*' OR
C. T"' 6-!" a' *a' -3 DNA.
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Y-u $'' !4- s'< 2'lls #$ -'
!- 2'a!' a 3ull s'! -3 DNA.
A. Tu'7. 8als'
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' a2-*+l'!' 2-'
-3 #$s!u2!#-$s!- 6u#lALL+a!s -3 a$
s+'2#'s 6-.
R'*'*6' !"a!
!"''s !4#$"al='s -3 DNA-u %'! -$'
s!a$ 3-*
8&-*M-*
8&-*Da
5
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=// a +a!-3 !"' DNA 2-'
!"a! %#='s#$s!u2!#-$s 3-ONE+a! -3 a
s+'2#'s 6-.
8&-*M-*
H'&'A
A!-H'&'A
T"#s s'2!#-$ -3 DNA %#='s!"' 2-' !- 6u#l -u
Ea4a
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HUMAN CHROMOSOMES (01 PAIRS
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ince 'ad gi#es a set of', too, ou would ha#e
a gene from him that alsobuilds earwa
BUT WAIT!
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66/6/ a$-+!#-$ a %'$'
2a$ 6' 2-' as.YOUR-+!#-$s'+'$ -$ 4"a!
-u +a'$!s%#=' -uB
8&-*M-*
8&-*Da
5
M-* %#='s -u a$ all'l'3- , 2u*6l 'a4a
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*ee got two tpes of earwa;
5ow does the bod !now what
to choose;
*e&ll eplore that later in thelesson
BUT WAIT!
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L'!s '
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M. M#2"a'l s 8a2#al Ha#W" s- 7la2?
6i!e all humans, Mr. Michael
has a set of 'that codesinstructions to grow all partsof his bod, including facialhair.
nd again, li!eall humans, Mr.Michael has a=//that is
speci0call incontrol offacial hair
color
To grow blac!, Mr.Michael&s facial hair
gene must ha#e
66/6/from hisparents that code
for blac!hair
M Ra4l#$s 8a2#al Ha#
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M. Ra4l#$s 8a2#al Ha#W" s- R'?
6i!e all humans, Mr. >awlins
has a set of 'that codesinstructions to grow all partsof his bod, including facialhair.
nd again, li!eall humans, Mr.>awlins has a=//that is
speci0call incontrol offacial hair
color
To grow red, Mr.>awlins& facial hair
gene must ha#e
66/6/from hisparents that code
for redhair
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W"#2" -3 !"' 3-ll-4#$% 2-$!a#$s
!"' ALL -3 !"' #$s!u2!#-$s 3-"-4 a 2'll s"-ul 6' 2'a!'?
A. C"-*-s-*'s7. G'$'s
C. C!-+las*D. C'll Wall
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W"a! !4- !"#$%s - M.Ra4l#$s a$ M. M#2"a'l
s"a'?
W"a! - !"' "a='#;''$!?
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>W' 6-!" "a=' a s'! -3
"u*a$ 'a$ !"'=ene3- 3a2#al "a#.@
>W' 6-!" "a='#;''$! 2-'s 3-
-u lleles!"a!
*a's -u "a#
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*hen describing alleles,
scientists usuall pic! a l'!!'and use it to represent the 'code. "ecause each organism
has two alleles, one from eachparent, the alleles are written as
0letter combos.
++55?
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-or eample, scientists might use
the letter @5A to represent facialhair. capital @5A codes for dar!hair. Mr. Michael probabl has thealleles @5 5A or @5 hA. lowercase @hA codes for lighter hair. Mr.>awlins probabl has the alleles @hhA. *e&d ha#e to learn more about
their genes to be sure.
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Ca+#!al l'!!'s a' 2all' D-*#$a$!.
L-4' 2as' l'!!'s a' 2all''2'ss#='.
D-*#$a$! l'!!'s a' >6ull#'s@. I3!"' a' a-u$, -u 4#ll $-! s'' !"'!a#! (4"a! #! l--s l#' -$ !"'-%a$#s*.
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lleles Traits
3 3 (%'$' 3-$u*6' -3$%'sP-la2!l #s a'2'ss#=' !a#!.8 3
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lleles Traits8 8 (%'$' 3-$u*6' -3$%'sCa$ als- 6'4#!!'$ as 83
T"'' #s a>6ull@+'s'$!
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lleles TraitsF F (%'$' 3-3'2l's Ca$
als- 6' 4#!!'$as F).8'2l's a' a
'2'ss#=' !a#!.) F
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lleles Traits) ) (%'$' 3-3'2l's L--$- >6ull#'[email protected]'*'*6' ) 2-*'s 3-**-* ) 2-*'s 3-*a
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*e all ha#e the gene for 0ngers.The number of 0ngers we ha#e
is determined b the allele.
*e all ha#e the gene for s!in.*hether or not we ha#e frec!les
is determined b the allele.
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lleles Traits
=eno!+' L#s! -3 All'l's
P"'$-!+' L#s! -3 Ta#!s
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lleles Traits
D-*#$a$! /
R'2'ss#=' e
P-#$! 'as
8l-++ 'as
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// or /e B
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eeB
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Pu$$'!! S)ua's
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Pu$$'!! S)ua's
e e
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Pu$$'!! S)ua's
e e
E
'
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Pu$$'!! S)ua's
e e
E E' E'
'
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Pu$$'!! S)ua's
e e
E E' E'
' '' ''
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U%= T5/ %-7>MT%7 =%C/7 T5/ /8T 6%'/, >/T/
+U/TT ?U>/ 7 47U>7T/.
YOUR
TURN!!!
' ': ' a !: - $!
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' ': ' a !: - $!'as
P All'l': E' Ta#!: P-#$!'as
' ': ' a !: - $!
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' ': ' a !: - $!'as
P All'l': E' Ta#!: P-#$!'as/ e
E EE E'
' E' ''
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Ess'$!#al Fu's!#-$s
P#2 !4- -3 !"' 3-ll-4#$%)u's!#-$s a$ 4#!' !"'
$u*6'a$ !"' a$s4'a! !"' 6-!!-* -3 !"'
6a2 -3 -u $-!'s.
H-4 -'s %'$'!#2 #$3-*a!#-$
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. H-4 -'s %'$'!#2 #$3-*a!#-$+ass 3-* +a'$! !- -;s+#$%?
0. H-4 2a$ Pu$$'!! S)ua's 6' us'!- +'#2! -;s+#$%s %'$-!+'s?
1. H-4 2a$ !a#!s 6' 2a#' #$
s-*'-$'s %'$'!#2 *a!'#al, 6u!$'=' s''$?
. H-4 2a$ a -*#$a$! - a'2'ss#=' !a#! 6' +'#2!' us#$% aPu$$'!! s)ua'?
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