8/19/2019 Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Waste Water using Nanomaterials
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Removal of Heavy Metal Ions
from Waste Water using
Nanomaterials
Prepared by - Aditi Zala
Guided by - Ms Naina Tailramani
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INTR!"#$TI!N
High demand of water due to increase in population
High amount of wastewater is generated
The wastewater contains micro-organisms, organics, heavy metals andtoxicants. Most persistent pollutants in wastewater are Heavy Metals.
Heavy Metals are natural elements of earth’s crust with an atomic density
greater than 5 g/cm .e.g. lead, mercury, arsenic etc .
They are non-!iodegrada!le and toxic in nature and must !e removed !y
treatment.
Heavy
metal
Ma%or &our'es To(i'ities M$)
*mg+),
Arseni' Pesti'ides fungi'ide metal
smelters
&.in manifestations vis'eral 'an'ers vas'ular
disease
/0/1/
$admium Welding ele'troplating $d
Ni battery Nu'lear fission
plants
2idney damage renal disorder uman 'ar'inogen /0/3
)ead Paint smo.ing automobile
emission mining burning of
'oal
"amage te fetal brain diseases of te .idneys
'ir'ulatory system and nervous system
/0//4
Mer'ury Pesti'ides battery paper
industry
Reumatoid artritis and diseases of te .idneys
'ir'ulatory system and nervous system
/0////5
Table 6 "ome of the Heavy metals , their sources, effects and maximum conc level. #M$%&
M.'. (ara)at. *ew trends in removing heavy metals from industrial wastewater, 'ra!ian +ournal of $hemistry #& , 0122
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R7M!8A) !9 H7A8: M7TA)&
$onventional Techni3ues4
recipitation
6lotation
7on 8xchange
8lectrocoagulation
'dsorption
'dsorption is widely used for the removal of metals !ecause of its simplicity,
cost effectiveness and efficiency.
'mong various adsor!ents, the *anoparticles used nowadays are the most
efficient adsor!ents
http4//www.iwawaterwi)i.org/xwi)i/!in/view/'rticles/9emovalTechnologiesin:astewaterTreatment
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NAN!PARTI$)7& 9!R R7M!8A)
The most common adsor!ent #nowadays& are nanoparticles .
*anoparticles are particles with si;e less than nm.
The advantages of using nanoparticles as adsor!ent are-
High surface area in low volume
Magnetic characteristics
%ow cost
8ffective contaminant removal even at low concentrations
%ess waste generation post-treatment
Xiangtao Wang, Yifei Guo1, Li Yang, Meihua Han, Jing Zhao and Xiaoliang Cheng. Nanomaterials as Sorents to !emo"e Hea"#Metal $ons in Waste%ater &reatment. 'n"ironmental ( )nal#ti*al &o+i*olog# -1-/.
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NAN! M7TA) !;I"7 A"&!R
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MAGN7TI$ NAN! PARTI$)7&
M* or iron o+ide nano0arti*les or so called superparamagnetic nano particles, lose permanent magnetic moments while responding to an external
magnetic field, which allows easy separation and recovery !y a low-gradientmagnetic field.
They can either !e used directly or can !e chelated with some functional
group with M* as the core.
A"&!RPTI!N M7$HANI&M $onsider an e(ample of adsorption me'anism of $u*II, ions on amino-
fun'tionali=ed magneti' nanoparti'les * *HBM*,6
6rom the results o!tained from various experiments performed, the adsorption
mechanism on *HBM* can !e attri!uted to4
chemical adsorption #surface complexation& from thermodynamics point of view.
ion exchange according to 'ctivation energy analysis.
$om!ining the two results, it is possi!le to presume that the adsorption
mechanism of $u#77& on *HBM* is more li)ely to !e a com!ined ion
exchangeBsurface complexation.
•Caniel 8. "a!o. *ovel "ynthesis of Metal
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Advantages
$onvenient approach for separating and removing the contaminants !yapplying external magnetic fields.
ossi!ility of surface modifications with different organic or inorganic coating
agents to allow the removal of a wide range of heavy metals with specificity.
High efficiency for adsorption maintained even after many
adsorption/desorption cycles ma)es use of magnetic nanoparticles cost
efficient.
)imitations
$orrosion of metal surface
9eaction !y-products
9uture resear'
*on corrosive nanoparticles should !e more used
9eaction !y-products should !e minimi;ed.
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$AR
multiwalled car!on nanotu!es #M:$*Ts&
The $*Ts have large adsorption capacity, which is
mainly attri!uta!le to their
highly porous and hollow structure
large specific surface area light mass density
strong interaction !etween $*Ts and pollutant
molecules.
The mechanisms !y which the metal ions are sor!edonto $*Ts are very complicated and appear
attri!uta!le to electrostatic attraction, sorption-
precipitation and chemical interaction !etween the
metal ions and the surface functional groups of $*Ts.
Hui %i, Ce-%i @iao, Hua He, 9ui %in, eng-%i >uo. 'dsorption !ehavior and adsorption mechanism of $u#77& ions on amino-functionali;ed magnetic
nanoparticles. Transaction of *onferrous Metal "ociety of $hina #& 052B005
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A"&!RPTI!N PR!P7RTI7& !9 $NTs
9un'tionali=ation plays very important role in adsorption properties of $*Ts as
it drastically changes its properties.
•Hui %i, Ce-%i @iao, Hua He, 9ui %in, eng-%i >uo. 'dsorption !ehavior and adsorption mechanism of $u#77& ions on amino-functionali;ed magnetic nanoparticles.
Transaction of *onferrous Metal "ociety of $hina #& 052B005.•'shish Dadhave and +yotsna :aghmare. 9emoval of heavy metal ions from wastewater !y car!on nanotu!es #$*Ts&. 7nternational +ournal of $hemical "ciences and
' lications Eol 5 7ssue 00-22.
Cifferent adsorption sites on a homogeneous
!undle of partially open-ended ":$*Ts4
. internal, .interstitial channel,. external groove site, and . external surface
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M7$HANI&M !9 A"&!RPTI!N
The mechanisms of heavy metal ion adsorption on $*Ts can !e attri!uted to
hysical adsorption,
8lectrostatic attraction, recipitation
$hemical interaction !etween the heavy metal ions and the surface functional
groups of $*Ts.
The value of pH plays very vital role with respect to adsorption of metal ions on$*T surface.
:hen the solution pH is lower than pHPZ$ #point of ;ero charge&, the surface
charge of $*Ts is positive and MF is generally the predominant species in
solution. The adsorption of divalent metal ions is attri!uted partly to the
competition !etween HF and MF for adsorption on the surface sites .
:hen the solution pH is higher than pH>$, the surface charge of $*Ts is negative
and the divalent The removal of divalent metal ions is possi!ly accomplished !y
simultaneous adsorption and precipitation reactions at high pH values. Metal ions
exist predominantly in M#
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"' G (8T surface area #m/g&, E G pore volume #cm/g&, MCG mean pore diameter #nm&,
3m G maximum sorption capacity #mg/g&.
Table 4 $omparisons of $*T characteri;ation and maximum sorption capacity of
various divalent metal ions
Dadupudi urnachadra 9ao, $hungsying %u, 6engsheng "u. "orption of divalent metal ions from a3ueous solution !y car!on nanotu!es4 ' review . "eparation and
urification Technology 5 #2& 1
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Advantages
$onsidera!le adsorption capacity for heavy metal ions.
The surface modification can greatly increase the interaction of $*Ts with
pollutants there!y increasing the capacity.
)imitations
%arge amounts of chemicals are used for surface modification which creates
environmental pollution. 9aw $*Ts may possess some degree of toxicity due to the presence of
metal catalysts.
9uture Resear'
$ost effective production of functionali;ed $*T. %owering the toxicity of raw $*T.
TH8 8*C
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