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Commentary and Questions by Pat Andrews
Landmark Publications, Inc., 1045 Maynor Street, Nashville, TN 37216, U.S.A., John C. Sewell, Ph.D., Editor.
Regulations for the Lampstand and Table of Bread
A Case of Blaspheming the Name
Leviticus 24:1-23
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Commentary and Questions by Pat Andrews
Landmark Publications, Inc., 1045 Maynor Street, Nashville, TN 37216, U.S.A., John C. Sewell, Ph.D., Editor.
Regulations for the Lampstand and Table of Bread
A Case of Blaspheming the Name
Text:
Leviticus 24:1-23,
1. The Lord spoke to Moses:
2. “Command the Israelites to bring to you pure oil of
beaten olives for the light, to make a lamp burn continually.
3. Outside the veil-canopy of the congregation in the
Meeting Tent Aaron must arrange it from evening until morning before the Lord continually. This is a perpetual
statute throughout your generations.
4. On the ceremonially pure lampstand he must arrange
the lamps before the Lord continually. 5. “You must take choice wheat flour and bake twelve
loaves; there must be two tenths of an ephah of flour in
each loaf, 6. and you must set them in two rows, six in a row, on the
ceremonially pure table before the Lord. 7. You must put pure frankincense on each row, and it
will become a memorial portion for the bread, a gift to the Lord.
8. Each Sabbath day Aaron must arrange it before the
Lord continually; this portion is from the Israelites as a perpetual covenant.
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Commentary and Questions by Pat Andrews
Landmark Publications, Inc., 1045 Maynor Street, Nashville, TN 37216, U.S.A., John C. Sewell, Ph.D., Editor.
9. It will belong to Aaron and his sons, and they must eat
it in a holy place because it is most holy to him, a
perpetual allotted portion from the gifts of the Lord.” 10. Now an Israelite woman’s son whose father was an Egyptian went out among the Israelites, and the Israelite
woman’s son and an Israelite man had a fight in the
camp. 11. The Israelite woman’s son misused the Name and
cursed, so they brought him to Moses. (Now his mother’s
name was Shelomith daughter of Dibri, of the tribe of Dan.)
12. So they placed him in custody until they were able to
make a clear legal decision for themselves based on
words from the mouth of the Lord. 13. Then the Lord spoke to Moses:
14. “Bring the one who cursed outside the camp, and all
who heard him are to lay their hands on his head, and the whole congregation is to stone him to death.
15. Moreover, you are to tell the Israelites, ‘If any man curses his God he will bear responsibility for his sin,
16. and one who misuses the name of the Lord must surely be put to death. The whole congregation must
surely stone him, whether he is a foreigner or a native
citizen; when he misuses the Name he must be put to death.
17. “‘If a man beats any person to death, he must be put
to death.
18. One who beats an animal to death must make restitution for it, life for life.
19. If a man inflicts an injury on his fellow citizen, just as
he has done it must be done to him—
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Commentary and Questions by Pat Andrews
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20. fracture for fracture, eye for eye, tooth for tooth—just
as he inflicts an injury on another person that same injury
must be inflicted on him. 21. One who beats an animal to death must make restitution for it, but one who beats a person to death
must be put to death.
22. There will be one regulation for you, whether a foreigner or a native citizen, for I am the Lord your God.’”
23. Then Moses spoke to the Israelites and they brought
the one who cursed outside the camp and stoned him with stones. So the Israelites did just as the Lord had
commanded Moses. (NET)
Introduction:
Chapter 24 almost seems to be out of place here, between two
chapters about feasts and Sabbaths and special years, etc. However, there is a correlation and it is about “ritual
observances.” Many Christians frown on rituals, and, indeed, Jesus took issue with the Scribes and Pharisees about their
“meaningless rituals.” The truth remains, however, that “rituals” are practiced by everyone who achieves anything of worth.
Athletes who excel have routines of practice and training that are
not hap-hazard but are planned and ritualistic. Writers who succeed in producing works that have lasting benefit have rituals
that they follow in order to turn out quality work. And godly
servants who change the world for the Lord also follow rituals.
One could “set their clock” by Daniel’s prayer times! Daniel 6:10 “When Daniel realized that a written decree had
been issued, he entered his home, where the windows in
his upper room opened toward Jerusalem. Three times daily he was kneeling and offering prayers and thanks to
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Commentary and Questions by Pat Andrews
Landmark Publications, Inc., 1045 Maynor Street, Nashville, TN 37216, U.S.A., John C. Sewell, Ph.D., Editor.
his God just as he had been accustomed to do
previously.” (NET) Jesus went to the synagogue, “as was his
custom.” Luke 4:16 “Now Jesus came to Nazareth, where he had been brought up, and went into the synagogue on the Sabbath day, as was his custom.” (NET) These
examples could be multiplied not only in the biblical narrative but
in the annals of history and of daily life. And so it is that chapters 23, 24 and 25 set up some guidelines for rituals for worship, for
justice and for the long-term life of Israel.
Commentary:
Regulations for the Lampstand and Table of Bread
Leviticus 24:1-4, The Lord spoke to Moses: “Command the
Israelites to bring to you pure oil of beaten olives for the
light, to make a lamp burn continually. Outside the veil-canopy of the congregation in the Meeting Tent Aaron
must arrange it from evening until morning before the Lord continually. This is a perpetual statute throughout
your generations. On the ceremonially pure lampstand he must arrange the lamps before the Lord continually.
(NET)
The word “continually” occurs three times in four verses! That
speaks of ritual. The importance of the lampstand inside the Holy
Place cannot be overstated! When one reads about the
construction of the Tabernacle and its coverings it is easy to realize that there was no source of light by day or night inside the
tent, except for the lampstand!
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Of course we have come to expect some picture of “better things”
in these rules and rituals given to Israel at Sinai and practiced
through the years until the coming of the Messiah. Here we see pictured that Jesus is the only light in this sin darkened world! John 8:12 “Then Jesus spoke out again, “I am the light of
the world. The one who follows me will never walk in
darkness, but will have the light of life.” (NET)
Notice also the involvement of the whole nation in this ritual and
in the one to follow. The Israelites are to produce this olive oil by the process of “beating” or, as it is later worded “pressed,” and to
bring it to Moses who is to pass it on to Aaron whose job it was
to keep the lamps burning. Even though there was a priesthood
that did the actual worship rituals, no one was exempted from contributing to the process.
In order to produce oil which would then produce light, the olives must be beaten or smashed in a press. How precious is olive oil?
Ask an olive! Jesus was beaten (pressed), and his body destroyed in order to become the light of the world! Gethsemane means
“olive press!” God has been drawing pictures from the very beginning! Meditative study in which the Holy Spirit is invited to
reveal “truth” uncovers and enlightens the pictures.
Leviticus 24:5-9, “You must take choice wheat flour and
bake twelve loaves; there must be two tenths of an ephah
of flour in each loaf, and you must set them in two rows,
six in a row, on the ceremonially pure table before the Lord. You must put pure frankincense on each row, and it
will become a memorial portion for the bread, a gift to the
Lord. Each Sabbath day Aaron must arrange it before the Lord continually; this portion is from the Israelites as a
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Commentary and Questions by Pat Andrews
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perpetual covenant. It will belong to Aaron and his sons,
and they must eat it in a holy place because it is most
holy to him, a perpetual allotted portion from the gifts of the Lord.” (NET)
Verses five through nine set up the ritual of the loaves on the
golden table of “showbread.” Each loaf was to contain “two tenths of an ephah” of flour. (That is approximately six pounds).
Matthew Henry points out in his comments on Leviticus 24:5
“Every one of those cakes contained . . . two omers of fine flour; just so much manna as every Israelite gathered on the sixth day
for the Sabbath.” Exodus 16:22, And on the sixth day they
gathered twice as much food, two omers per person; and
all the leaders of the community came and told Moses. (NET)
This probably would have been unleavened bread. This opinion is based on the fact that it was considered “holy” bread and that it
was brought into the Holy Place. The text itself does not specify whether it was leavened or not. A six-pound loaf of bread,
regardless of leaven or the lack of it, would be rather large. There would be many priests serving at any given time who would
depend on the showbread (Bread of the Presence) for their food.
Again, a New Testament application is not far to seek. John
6:47-51, “I tell you the solemn truth, the one who
believes has eternal life. I am the bread of life. Your
ancestors ate the manna in the wilderness, and they died. This is the bread that has come down from heaven, so
that a person may eat from it and not die. I am the living
bread that came down from heaven. If anyone eats from this bread he will live forever. The bread that I will give
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Commentary and Questions by Pat Andrews
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for the life of the world is my flesh.” (NET) 1 Corinthians
10:16, “Is not the cup of blessing that we bless a sharing
in the blood of Christ? Is not the bread that we break a sharing in the body of Christ?” (NET)
In another picture the priest ate the bread each week in a holy
place. In the church / kingdom we are a royal priesthood. 1 Peter 2:9, “But you are a chosen race, a royal priesthood,
a holy nation, a people of his own, so that you may
proclaim the virtues of the one who called you out of darkness into his marvelous light.” (NET) As a priest, we eat
the bread that Jesus said is his body. 1 Corinthians 11:23, 24,
“For I received from the Lord what I also passed on to
you, that the Lord Jesus on the night in which he was betrayed took bread, and after he had given thanks he
broke it and said, “This is my body, which is for you. Do
this in remembrance of me.” (NET)
Notice also that as Jesus “broke” the bread as he served it to his disciples, so Jesus, “the Bread of Life,” was “broken” for us.
What was a “ritual meal” to the original priests has become a
“ritual observance” to us, as we rarely take more than a pinch of
the bread and a sip of the fruit of the vine. Still, it is a sacred ritual and its effectiveness is always in the heart of the observant.
It can be extremely meaningful and moving or it can mean
nothing at all, depending on the frame of mind of the one
partaking.
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A Case of Blaspheming the Name The story that follows and the instructions that follow that are
also to become “ritual.” That is to say, in such cases this is what
is to be done always in every case. While there were laws in place here - (Exodus 20:7, “You shall not take the name of
the Lord your God in vain, for the Lord will not hold
guiltless anyone who takes his name in vain.” Exodus
22:28, “You must not blaspheme God or curse the ruler of your people.” (NET)) - no specific punishment had been set
nor the manner of carrying it out. After the Lord spoke to Moses
in this regard, a set of instructions was put in place that then became the “ritual” for such crimes.
Leviticus 24:10-12, Now an Israelite woman’s son whose father was an Egyptian went out among the Israelites,
and the Israelite woman’s son and an Israelite man had a
fight in the camp. The Israelite woman’s son misused the
Name and cursed, so they brought him to Moses. (Now his mother’s name was Shelomith daughter of Dibri, of
the tribe of Dan.) So they placed him in custody until they were able to make a clear legal decision for themselves based on words from the mouth of the Lord. (NET)
One of the reasons a special revelation was needed here is that
this person who violated the law was not a full-blooded Israelite. He was of mixed origin. Consequently Moses and the people
needed to know if the laws and punishments applied to everyone
or just to Israel. God is very clear in his revelation on this matter! Note that verses fifteen, sixteen and twenty-two make it crystal
clear. “. . . whether he is a foreigner or a native citizen. . .”
This will be clarified and applied to both men and women and in
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Deuteronomy 17 and to include aliens who wanted to make a
sacrifice to the Lord in Numbers 15.
Deuteronomy 17:1-20, You must not sacrifice to him a bull or sheep that has a blemish or any other defect,
because that is considered offensive to the Lord your God.
Suppose a man or woman is discovered among you—in one of your villages that the Lord your God is giving you—
who sins before the Lord your God and breaks his
covenant by serving other gods and worshiping them—the sun, moon, or any other heavenly bodies which I have
not permitted you to worship. When it is reported to you
and you hear about it, you must investigate carefully. If it
is indeed true that such a disgraceful thing is being done in Israel, you must bring to your city gates that man or
woman who has done this wicked thing—that very man or
woman—and you must stone that person to death. At the testimony of two or three witnesses they must be
executed. They cannot be put to death on the testimony of only one witness. The witnesses must be first to begin
the execution, and then all the people are to join in afterward. In this way you will purge evil from among
you. If a matter is too difficult for you to judge—
bloodshed, legal claim, or assault—matters of controversy in your villages—you must leave there and go up to the
place the Lord your God chooses. You will go to the
Levitical priests and the judge in office in those days and
seek a solution; they will render a verdict. You must then do as they have determined at that place the Lord
chooses. Be careful to do just as you are taught. You must
do what you are instructed, and the verdict they pronounce to you, without fail. Do not deviate right or left
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from what they tell you. The person who pays no
attention to the priest currently serving the Lord your
God there, or to the verdict—that person must die, so that you may purge evil from Israel. Then all the people will hear and be afraid, and not be so presumptuous again.
When you come to the land the Lord your God is giving
you and take it over and live in it and then say, “I will select a king like all the nations surrounding me,” you
must select without fail a king whom the Lord your God
chooses. From among your fellow citizens you must appoint a king—you may not designate a foreigner who is
not one of your fellow Israelites. Moreover, he must not
accumulate horses for himself or allow the people to
return to Egypt to do so, for the Lord has said you must never again return that way. Furthermore, he must not
marry many wives lest his affections turn aside, and he
must not accumulate much silver and gold. When he sits on his royal throne he must make a copy of this law on a
scroll given to him by the Levitical priests. It must be with him constantly and he must read it as long as he
lives, so that he may learn to revere the Lord his God and observe all the words of this law and these statutes and
carry them out. Then he will not exalt himself above his
fellow citizens or turn from the commandments to the right or left, and he and his descendants will enjoy many
years ruling over his kingdom in Israel. (NET)
Numbers 15:1-41, The Lord spoke to Moses: “Speak to the Israelites and tell them, ‘When you enter the land
where you are to live, which I am giving you, and you
make an offering by fire to the Lord from the herd or from the flock (whether a burnt offering or a sacrifice for
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discharging a vow or as a freewill offering or in your
solemn feasts) to create a pleasing aroma to the Lord,
then the one who presents his offering to the Lord must bring a grain offering of one-tenth of an ephah of finely ground flour mixed with one fourth of a hin of olive oil.
You must also prepare one-fourth of a hin of wine for a
drink offering with the burnt offering or the sacrifice for each lamb. Or for a ram, you must prepare as a grain
offering two-tenths of an ephah of finely ground flour
mixed with one-third of a hin of olive oil, and for a drink offering you must offer one-third of a hin of wine as a
pleasing aroma to the Lord. And when you prepare a
young bull as a burnt offering or a sacrifice for
discharging a vow or as a peace offering to the Lord, then a grain offering of three-tenths of an ephah of finely
ground flour mixed with half a hin of olive oil must be
presented with the young bull, and you must present as the drink offering half a hin of wine with the fire offering
as a pleasing aroma to the Lord. This is what is to be done for each ox, or each ram, or each of the male lambs or the
goats. You must do so for each one according to the number that you prepare. “‘Every native-born person
must do these things in this way to present an offering
made by fire as a pleasing aroma to the Lord. If a resident foreigner is living with you—or whoever is among you in
future generations—and prepares an offering made by
fire as a pleasing aroma to the Lord, he must do it the
same way you are to do it. One statute must apply to you who belong to the congregation and to the resident
foreigner who is living among you, as a permanent
statute for your future generations. You and the resident foreigner will be alike before the Lord. One law and one
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custom must apply to you and to the resident foreigner
who lives alongside you.’” The Lord spoke to Moses:
“Speak to the Israelites and tell them, ‘When you enter the land to which I am bringing you and you eat some of the food of the land, you must offer up a raised offering
to the Lord. You must offer up a cake of the first of your
finely ground flour as a raised offering; as you offer the raised offering of the threshing floor, so you must offer it
up. You must give to the Lord some of the first of your
finely ground flour as a raised offering in your future generations. “‘If you sin unintentionally and do not
observe all these commandments that the Lord has
spoken to Moses—all that the Lord has commanded you
by the authority of Moses, from the day that the Lord commanded Moses and continuing through your future
generations—then if anything is done unintentionally
without the knowledge of the community, the whole community must prepare one young bull for a burnt
offering—for a pleasing aroma to the Lord—along with its grain offering and its customary drink offering, and one
male goat for a purification offering. And the priest is to make atonement for the whole community of the
Israelites, and they will be forgiven, because it was
unintentional and they have brought their offering, an offering made by fire to the Lord, and their purification
offering before the Lord, for their unintentional offense.
And the whole community of the Israelites and the
resident foreigner who lives among them will be forgiven, since all the people were involved in the unintentional
offense. “‘If any person sins unintentionally, then he must
bring a yearling female goat for a purification offering. And the priest must make atonement for the person who
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sins unintentionally—when he sins unintentionally before
the Lord—to make atonement for him, and he will be
forgiven. You must have one law for the person who sins unintentionally, both for the native-born among the Israelites and for the resident foreigner who lives among
them. “‘But the person who acts defiantly, whether
native-born or a resident foreigner, insults the Lord. That person must be cut off from among his people. Because
he has despised the word of the Lord and has broken his
commandment, that person must be completely cut off. His iniquity will be on him.’” When the Israelites were in
the wilderness they found a man gathering wood on the
Sabbath day. Those who found him gathering wood
brought him to Moses and Aaron and to the whole community. They put him in custody, because there was
no clear instruction about what should be done to him.
Then the Lord said to Moses, “The man must surely be put to death; the whole community must stone him with
stones outside the camp.” So the whole community took him outside the camp and stoned him to death, just as
the Lord commanded Moses. The Lord spoke to Moses: “Speak to the Israelites and tell them to make tassels for
themselves on the corners of their garments throughout
their generations, and put a blue thread on the tassel of the corners. You must have this tassel so that you may
look at it and remember all the commandments of the
Lord and obey them and so that you do not follow after
your own heart and your own eyes that lead you to unfaithfulness. Thus you will remember and obey all my
commandments and be holy to your God. I am the Lord
your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt to be your God. I am the Lord your God.” (NET)
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Leviticus 24:13-16, Then the Lord spoke to Moses: “Bring the one who cursed outside the camp, and all who heard
him are to lay their hands on his head, and the whole
congregation is to stone him to death. Moreover, you are to tell the Israelites, ‘If any man curses his God he will
bear responsibility for his sin, and one who misuses the
name of the Lord must surely be put to death. The whole congregation must surely stone him, whether he is a
foreigner or a native citizen; when he misuses the Name
he must be put to death. (NET)
The witnesses had to verify their claim by laying their hands on
the head of the offender and then the whole camp had to
participate in the stoning. That would have made quite a pile of stones! No doubt, it also served as a memorial to remind the
nation of what happens to those who take the Name lightly!
Leviticus 24:17-22 “‘If a man beats any person to death, he must be put to death. One who beats an animal to
death must make restitution for it, life for life. If a man
inflicts an injury on his fellow citizen, just as he has done it must be done to him—fracture for fracture, eye for eye,
tooth for tooth—just as he inflicts an injury on another
person that same injury must be inflicted on him. One
who beats an animal to death must make restitution for it, but one who beats a person to death must be put to
death. There will be one regulation for you, whether a
foreigner or a native citizen, for I am the Lord your God.’” (NET)
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Verses seventeen through twenty-two contain the famous, “eye
for eye, etc.” statements. They are perfect illustrations of “pure justice” unmodified by mercy or grace. Those who refuse Jesus’ atoning sacrifice will face God on the basis presented here! The
fourth chapter of Amos addresses those who continue in their
sinful ways and have rejected the salvation provided by The Lord. Verse 12 puts it this way:
“Therefore this is what I will do to you, Israel. Because I will do this to you,
prepare to meet your God, Israel!” (NET)
Leviticus 23, Then Moses spoke to the Israelites and they brought the one who cursed outside the camp and stoned
him with stones. So the Israelites did just as the Lord had
commanded Moses. New English Translation (NET)
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Questions
on
Leviticus 24:1-23
1. Describe Daniel’s prayer ritual. __________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
2. What habitual ritual is ascribed to Jesus in Luke chapter four? _
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Who was to produce the oil for the lamps in the Tabernacle
and how was it to be done? ______________________________ _____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
4. In John’s vision of the New Jerusalem, who is the source of light? ________________________________________________
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_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. What does the name “Gethsemane” mean? _______________ _____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
6. Approximately how much did each of the loaves on the golden table weigh? __________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. After they were in the “presence of the Lord” for seven days,
what became of these loaves? ____________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
8. What was placed on each loaf as it lay in the Tabernacle and
then was later burned? __________________________________
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_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
9. What did the amount of fine flour correspond to in Israel’s experience? ___________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
10. How did Jesus apply this ritual to himself in John chapter six?
_____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
11. In what ritual does the church follow the ritual in the
Tabernacle? ___________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
12. What did Jesus do to the Passover bread before he served it
to the disciples and how is that pictured in his passion? ________
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_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
13. What determines how vivid and moving partaking of the Eucharist or Communion is in today’s setting? ________________
_____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
14. What instructions had God given for the punishment of one
who misuses or takes the Name of the Lord in vain? __________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
15. How was this case further complicated? _________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
16. What exceptions to God’s laws were to be made based on
gender or blood lines? ___________________________________
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_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
17. What was the penalty for this person’s sin and how was it to be administered? _______________________________________
_____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
18. How did the witnesses have to identify themselves and
confirm their testimony? _________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
19. Who had to participate in the execution by stoning? ________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
20. What is lacking in a justice system that calls for an “eye for
an eye?” ______________________________________________
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_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
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21. If we reject Jesus’ atoning sacrifice, what will we face in the Judgment? ____________________________________________
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