Regional Technical Assistance 6256Results Based Organization Management
Cebu City 7th and 8th August 2009.
Public Sector Management Problems
• Delivering agreed results• Aligning the organization with plans• Cascading plans through the organization• Delivering / implementing plans• Change• The operating culture• Changing behavior• Improving performance• Measuring performance• Building clarity
• More than a new system of measurement
• A long term change process involving– Reorientation of thinking and planning– Change at the organization level– Change at the personal level
Results Management (MfDR) is an Organization Change Process
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The Results Chain
Inputs Activities Outputs Outcomes Impacts
Inputs Activities Outputs Immediate Intermediate
Outcomes
Final
Inputs Activities OutputsSector
OutcomesNational Impacts
Outcomes
Organization
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The Results Chain
• A series of expected achievements, “linked” by causality
• Continuum from inputs/resources to final impact divided up into segments / links
• Each link in the chain is characterized by:– Increased importance of achievement with respect to the
organizational / program / project goal– Decreased control, accountability, and attribution
MfDR Training Module3: The Results Chain 10
The Organization
Highest level statement, usually from national development plan, societal benefits from sector improvements
National / Societal Level Goals
Sectoral Level Outcomes
Organizational Level Outcomes
Organizational Level Outputs
Organizational Level Activities
Sector contribution at the country level, in national and/or sector plan, longer term benefits
Medium term results in the sector, directly influenced by the organisation by its outputs
Products, services, goods produced and delivered by the organisation, mostly to external clients and stakeholder
Activities and processes undertaken internally by the organisation, to produce the outputs
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Infrastructure
Outputs Outcomes Impacts
Infrastructure Built Use of Infrastructure Benefits of Use
Farm to Market Roads Built
Increased Transport of Rural Produce
Improved Livelihood of Rural Farmers
Example Roads:
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Policy Advocacy
Outputs Outcomes Impacts
Awareness Results ofPolicy
Implementation
Policy Change
Increased awareness of climate change by policy makers
Increased number of companies
curtailing emissions
Example:
Reformed environmental laws mandating emission reductions
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Electrification
Outputs Outcomes Impacts
All Districts Connected to Electrical Grid
Increased manufacturing activity using energy intensive processes
Increased Export for Local Manufacturers
Example:
Infrastructure Built Use of Infrastructure Benefits of Use
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Helpful Hints
Outputs Outcomes Impacts
Produce Directly Influence Contribute to
Org. Control Clients Control No Control
Accountable for Manage towards Correct logic
100% Attribution 60% Attribution 20% Attribution
Readily changed Consult Change = new program
To / for Clients Clients Use/Status Sector/National
Annual By end of program Post - program
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Results Jigsaw Puzzle
Task: • Department of Energy results• Organize National, Sectoral, and
Organizational Results and Activities in a logical sequence
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Increased energy independence
Sustainable economic growth & poverty alleviation
Enhanced energy industry competitiveness and efficiency
Increased indigenous supply of fossil, renewable
and alternative fuels
Carry out sector reforms
Electric power industry restructured
Power sector reforms implemented and
monitored
Develop power sector reforms
Indigenous energy resources explored and
developed
Form partnerships for indigenous
resource exploration
Carry out exploration and
development projects
Activities
Outputs
Org Outcomes
Sector Outcomes
National Goal
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Defining Results
Wording must show change:• Improved• Increased• Enhanced• Greater• Higher• Diminished• Presence / Absence
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Wording of Results-example
“ Improved case flow management by target courts in 3 Districts by 2010 through improved administration”
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Problems:
• Improved case flow management: defining ‘improved’– Increased– Enhanced– Greater– Higher– Diminished– Presence / Absence
• Should not use – "through", "for" (in order to) no causality in the statement
MfDR Training Module3: The Results Chain 20
Wording should try to include:
• What – case flow management • Who – Target Courts• Location - 3 Districts• Timeframe - by 2010
– May not be appropriate for all results– Outcome – timeframe is end of project
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Summary
• Results are represented in a chain, with the different levels of results "linked" together
• Handy tips and judgement should be used to determine the different levels of results
• Results statements should be precisely worded
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Putting Results on Paper
• There are many established tools• Two common formats
– Logic Model (Results Trees)– Logical Framework Analysis (LFA)
• Both have strengths and weaknesses and serve different purposes
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Logic Model
Activity Set 1
Activity Set 2
Activity Set 3
Activity Set 4
Output 1 Output 2 Output 3 Output 4
Outcome 1
Outcome 2
Impact
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The Logic Model
• A logic model is a diagram that illustrates the logical connections between planned work (activities), outputs and the intended results (outcomes)
• It is a visual way of expressing the rationale of an organisation or project
• It graphically shows the expected or intended results
• Causal linkages
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Logic Model Applications
• Can apply to program, policy, project, initiative, organization
• Logic models have many uses:– Planning – Communications– Program Management Reference– Evaluation and Monitoring– Performance Management
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Is it a good Logic Model?• Is it Logical?
– Are the linkages between activities, outputs, outcomes and impacts clear?
• Does it demonstrate “so that..” or “if…then" logic ?• Does it build upon the strategic direction and objectives of
the organization?• Is it focussed?
– Does it address the right issues?
• Is it clear?– Can an outsider understand the program by looking at the model?
• Does it have buy-in?– Did it involve a participatory approach?
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ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
PEACE AND ORDER
A. Reduction in crime incidence
C. Increase in solved crimes
1.Crime prevention programs
developed and implemented
2. Laws enforced
4. Crimes Investigated
3. Relationships developed and maintained with
stakeholders group
Police Relations Services
Investigation ServicesIntelligence Services
Operations ServicesLogistical ServicesMateriel Development
B. Strengthened Community – Police
Relations / Ties
Logic Model
• Create the logic model for becoming a millionaire
• Build a business?• Win the lottery?• Win American Idol?• Sell drugs?
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Helpful Hints: Logic Model Development
• Do activities plausibly lead to the outcomes?• Keep it simple – limit the number of boxes• Flow chart model• Build on business or strategic plan• Seek input from a variety of sources• Begin activity statements with an action verb• Activities should be placed in a logical sequence
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• Select key activities – Activities should be major users of resources, represent
“significant chunks of work” – Which activities lead to key outputs and outcomes
• If activity is in place, then what is produced? • If that output is in place, then what outcome is likely
the result? • Impacts to Activities and vice versa
Helpful Hints: Logic Model Development
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Review
• Results are represented in a chain, with the different levels of results "linked" together
• Results statements should be precisely worded
• A complex set of interrelated results can be captured on paper using a "logic model"
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JEP Case Study
• Duration and Budget: 5 years, $5 million• Geographical Focus: Palestine• Beneficiaries:
– Direct Beneficiaries: Judges, Judicial Trainers, and Civil Society Organisations
– Indirect Beneficiaries: Users of the Justice System, Palestinian Population, Institute of Law
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JEP Case Study
• Key Strategies - Support access to justice in Palestinian society by enhancing continuing judicial education
• Program clients: Judiciary (200 in total) and civil society organizations
• Impact “Increased judicial independence and respect for human rights”
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Capacity Gaps
• Low understanding of human rights principles and how to apply them in cases
• Poor judgement writing skills• Inconsistent judgement writing across
judiciary
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JEP Case Study
• Create a results chain of activities, outputs, and outcomes, using the issues, situation analysis and program outline
Lessons Learned
• Successful implementation is driven by:– Demand– Management commitment and demand
• Implementation is an organization change process – a marathon, not a sprint– Requires organization and behavioral change– Requires to be planned and managed
• Requires rewards and punishments supporting results behavior at the agency/department level
Lessons Learned
• Results success is not based on the technical aspects but an effective M&E system is required with decision-making processes that extensively use information from the system (demand, not supply driven)
• There have to be statutory requirements for reporting and accountability
• The elected representatives have to be involved in results accountability processes
• Problems occur where the system does not deliver or if main elements of results management are missing
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