REFERENCES
AAFRD. 1998. Fenugreek. Agri fax Agdex. 147/20-25. Alberta Agriculture, Food
and Rural Development, Alberta.
Abranches J.L., Batista G.S., Ramos S.B. and Prado R.M. 2009. Resposta da aveia
preta a aplicacao de zinco em Latossolo Vermelho Distrofico. Rer. Bras. Ci.
Agrarias. 4(3): 278-282.
Adriano D.C. 2001.Trace Elements in Terrestrial Environments; Biochemistry,
Bioavailability and Risks of Metals, Springer-Verlag, New York.
Agarwal R. 2000. Studies on mutagenic effects of MMS and SA on different
biological parameters of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.). Ph.D Thesis, Aligarh
Muslim University, Aligarh; India.
Agarwal R. and Ansari M.Y.K. 2001. The effect of aniline on root tip cells of Vicia
faba L. J. Cytol. Genet. 2(NS): 129-134.
Ahire D.D., Thengne R.J., Manjaya J.G., George M. and Bhide S.V. 2005.
Induced mutations in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cv. MACS- 450. soybean
Res. 3: 1-8.
Ahloowalia B., Maluszynski M. and Nichterlein K. 2004. Global impact of
mutation-derived varieties. Euphytica. 135: 187-204.
Ahmad S. 1993. Meiotic studies in two cultivars of Cicer arietinum L. after gamma
irradiation. Cytologia. 58: 61-65.
Ahmad S. and Yasmin R. 1992. Effect of methyl parathian and trimillox on the
mitosis of Allium cepa. Cytologia. 57(1): 155-160.
Ahmad I., Ansari M.Y.K. and Shahab D. 2009. Effect of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxy
acetic acid on certain biological parameters in Cichorium intybus L. Lead Papers
of National Workshop cum Training Programme on Spices and Aromatic Plants,
Division of Agronomy, IARI, New Delhi pp: 46-48.
Ahmadiani A., Javan M., Semnanian S., Bharat E. and Kamalinejad M. 2001.
Anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of Trigonella foenum-graecum leave
extract in the rat. J. Ethnopharmacol. 75(2-3): 283-286.
R e f e r e n c e s |162
Akgun I. and Tosun M. 2004. Agricultural and cytological characteristics of M1
perennial rye (Secale montanum Guss.) as effected by the application of different
doses of gamma rays. Pak. J. Biol. Sci.7: 827-833.
Alka., Ansari M.Y.K. and Shahab D. 2007. Effect of ethyl methane sulphonate
(EMS) on seed germination, plant height and pollen fertility of Solanum
melongena L. Indian J. Appl. Pure Biol. 22(01): 97-100.
Alsohaimy S.A., Sitohy M.Z., El-Masry R.A. 2007. Isolation and partial
characterization of chickpea, lupine and lentil seed proteins. World J. of Agri.
Sci. 3 (1): 123-129.
Aman R.D. 1986. A model of seed dormancy. Bot. Rev. 34: 1-31.
Amer S.M. and Ali E.M. 1974. Cytological effects of pesticides V. Effects of some
herbicides on Vicia faba. Cytologia. 39(4): 633-643.
Aniel Kumar O., Anitha V. and Raja Rao K.G. 2000. Radiation induced
chlorophyll mutations in chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). J. Phytol. Res.
13(2): 157-160.
Ananthaswamy N.H., Vakil U.K., Sreenivasan A. 1971. Biochemical and
physiological changes in gamma-irradiated wheat during germination. Radiat.
Bot. 11: 1-12.
Anis M. and Sharma N. 1997. Induced variation in chiasma frequency in Capsicum
annuum L. in response to chemical mutagens. Thailand J. Agri. Sci. 30: 43-52.
Anis M. and Wani A.A. 1997. Caffeine induced morpho-cytological variability in
Fenugreek, Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Cytologia. 62(4): 343-349.
Anitha K., Renganayaki P.K., Balamurugan P., Suganyadevi S. and Srimathi P.
2008. Characterization of black gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) using total seed
protein separation by SDS-PAGE. Int. J. Plant Sci. 3(2):480-487.
Ansari M.Y.K. and Siddiqui S.A. 1995. Mutagenic effects of ethyl methane
sulphonate on Ammi majus L. I. Morphological variations, mutation frequency
and yield. Phytomorphol. 45(1&2): 23-29.
Ansari M.Y.K and Siddiqui S.A. 1996. Induction of mutations in Ammi majus L. by
ionizing radiations: seed germination, morphology, pollen fertility and yield. Proc.
Natl. Acad. Sci. India 66(B) II: 181-185.
R e f e r e n c e s |163
Ansari M.Y. K. and Ali Z. 2009. Cytomorphological variabilities induced by aniline
in Vicia faba L. J. Cytol. Genet. 11: 57-64.
Apparao B.J., Dalve S.C., Auti S.G., and Barshile J.D. 2005. Study of mutagenic
variability in yield component of chickpea (Cicer arientinum L.) employing SA,
EMS and gamma Rays; In: Proceedings of National Conference in Plant
Sciences. March 10-12, 2005, P.V.P. College Pravaranagar, Pp: 204-208.
Arumugam S., Reddy V.R.K., Asir R., Viswanathan P. and Dhamodaran S. 1997.
Induced mutagenesis in barley. Ad. Plant Sci. 10(1): 103-106.
Aruna J., Prakash M. and Sunil Kumar B. 2010. Studies on effect of physical and
chemical mutagens on seedling characters in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.). Int.
J. of Curr. Res. 3: 038-041.
Ashour S.A. and Abdou R.F. 1990. The action of Igran, Topogard and Eptam
herbicides on germination, seedling growth and mitotic behaviour of faba bean
(Vicia faba L.). FABIS Newsletter 26: 10-14.
Audus L.J. 1961. Growth regulators, “Metabolism and mode of action” Encyclopedia
of plant physiol. 14: 1055-1083 Springer Verlag Berlin.
Auerbach C. and Robson J.M. 1942. Experiments on the action of mustard gas in
Drosophila. Report to the Ministry of Supply W.3979 W: 11831.
Auti S.G. 2005. Mutational studies in mung [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilezek]. Ph.D.
Thesis. University of Pune. Pune, India.
Banu M.R., Kalamani A., Ashok S. and Makesh S. 2005. Effect of mutagenic
treatments on quantitative characters in M1 generation of cowpea [Vigna
unguiculata (L.) alp]. Adv. Plant Sci. 18(2): 505-510.
Basch E., Ulbricht C., Kuo G., Szapary P., Smith M. 2003. Therapeutic application
of fenugreek. Alt. Med. Rev. 1: 20-27.
Basu S.K., Acharya S.N. and Thomas J.E. 2007. Genetic improvement of
fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) through EMS induced mutation
breeding for higher seed yield under Western Canada prairie conditions.
Euphytica. DOI 10.1007/s10681-007/9545-9.
Basu S.K., Acharya S.H. and Thomas E.J. 2008.Genetic improvement of
Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) through EMS induced mutation
R e f e r e n c e s |164
breeding for higher seed yield under Western Canada Prairie conditions.
Euphytica. 160: 249-258.
Begum S., Majid M.A. and Shaikh M.A.Q. 1995. Selection of promising lentil
mutants derived through gamma irradiation. Lens Newsletter. 22: 5-8.
Begum Y., Roy S., Bandyopadhyay., Dasgupta U., Chakraborty A. and
Raychaudhuri S.S. 2008. Radiation induced alterations in Vigna radiata during
in vitro somatic embryogenesis. Int. J. Radiat. Biol.84: 165-175.
Bellucci M., Roscini C. and Mariani A. 2003. Cytomixis in Pollen Mother Cells of
Medicago sativa L. J. of Heredity. 94(6): 512-516.
Bhaduri P.N. and Ghosh P.N. 1954. Chromosomes squash in cereals. Stain Tech.
29: 269-276.
Bhat T.A., Khan A.H. and Parveen S. 2005. Comparative analysis of meiotic
abnormalities induced by gamma rays, EMS and MMS in Vicia faba L. J. of
Indian Bot. Soc. 84: 45-48.
Bhat T.A., Khan A.H. and Parveen S. 2006. Effect of gamma rays on certain
cytomorphological parameters in two varieties of Vicia faba (L.) Adv. Plant Sci.
19(1): 227-232.
Bhat T.A., Parveen S. and Khan A.H. 2007. Meiotic studies in two varieties of
Vicia faba L. (Fabaceae) after EMS treatment. Asian J. of Plant. Sci. 6(1): 51-55.
Bhat T.M., Choudhary S., Ansari M.Y.K., Alka. and Aslam R. 2012. Genotoxicity
and molecular screening of proteins in root tip cells of Trigonella foenum-
graecum (Fenugreek var- Azad) under cadmium stress condition. Int. J. of Plant
Physiol. and Biochem. 4(3): 46-51.
Bhatti M.A., Khan M.T.J., Ahmed B., Jamshaid M. and Ammad W. 1996.
Antibacterial activity of Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds. Fitopterapia. LXVII:
372-374.
Biradar A.B. 2004. Gamma Ray and Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS) Induced
Mutation Studies in Pigeonpea [Cajanus Cajan (L.) Millsp.]. MPKV Rahuri.
Ph.D Thesis. India.
Bipasha C. and Shella S. 1992. Toxicity of some heavy metals in vivo and in vitro in
Helianthus annuus. Mutat. Res. 283: 287-294.
R e f e r e n c e s |165
Bhardwaj P., Ashish K. Chaturvedi. and Prasad P. 2009. Effect of Enhanced Lead
and Cadmium in soil on Physiological and Biochemical attributes of Phaseolus
vulgaris L. Nature and Sci. 7(8): 63-75.
Blixt S. 1972. Mutation genetics in Pisum. Agri. Hort. Gen. 30: 1-293.
Boldrini K.R. and Pagliarini M.S. 2006. Cell fusion and cytomixis during
microsporogenesis in Brachiaria humidicola (Poaceae). South African J. of Bot.
72(3): 478-48.
Bollard E.G., Butler G.W. 1966. Mineral nutrition of plants. Annu. Rev. Plant
Physiol. 17: 77-112.
Borah S.P. and Goswami B.C. 1995. Induced high protein mutants with renewed
Kernel P. Distribution and altered amino acid composition in rice. In: Proc.
Symp. Genetic research and education: Current Trends and the next fifty years.
New D. Vol III, PP 1239-1247.
Bown D. 1995. Encyclopidia of herbs and their uses. Darlington Kindersley London.
ISBN 0-7513-020-31.
Brock R.D. 1965. Response of Trifolium subterraneum to x-rays and thermal
neutrons. Radiat. Bot. 5: 543.
Brock R.D. 1970. Mutation in quantitatively inherited traits induced by neutron
radiation. Rad. Bot. 10: 209-223.
Brown J.C., Jones W.E. 1975. Heavy metal toxicity in plants. I. A crisis in embryo
Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Ana. 6: 421-438.
Burzynski M. 1987. The influence of lead and cadmium on the absorption and
distribution of potassium, calcium, magnesium and iron in cucumber seedlings.
Acta Physiol. Plant. 9: 229-238.
Cali I.O. 2008. Effects of fungicides on meiosis of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum
Mill.). Bangladesh J. Bot. 37(2): 121-125.
Cavusoglu K. and Yalcin E. 2010. Detection of lipid peroxidation and cytotoxicity
induced by aluminium (Al) and cobalt (Co) ions in barbunia root tip cells. J. of
Env. Biol. 31(5): 661-666.
Cavusoglu K., Yalcin E., Ergene A. 2009. The cytotoxic effect of zinc and cadmium
metal ions on root tip cells of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Fabaceae). SDU. J. of Sci.
R e f e r e n c e s |166
4(1): 1-11.
Cequea H., Cequea D.de., Imery J. and Nirichio M. 2003. Cytogenetic study of
paracentric inversions in Tridax procumbens. (Compositae). Cytologia. 68: 329-
333.
Chaghtai S.A. and Hasan Z. 1979. Effect of EMS, MES and MMS on chromosomal
behaviour of Lens esculenta during microsporogenesis. Biologia Plantarum
(Prabha). 21: 280-283.
Chaturvedi V. and Pant M.C. 1988. Effect of feeding fenugreek (Trigonella
foenum-graecum) leaves on focal excretion of total lipids and sterols in the
normal albino rabbits. Curr. Sci. 57:81-82.
Chidambaram A., Sundaramoorthy P., Murugan A., Sanker Ganesh K.,
Baskaran L. 2008. Chromium induced cytotoxicity in black gram (Vigna mungo
L.). Iran J. Environ. Health Sci. Eng. 6(1): 17-22.
Chiej R. 1984. Encyclopidia of medicinal plants. Macdonald ISBN 0- 356-10541-5.
Chrispeeds M.J., Varner J.E. 1976. Gibberelic acid induced synthesis and release of
á-amylase and ribonuclease by isolated barley aleurons layers. Plant Physiol. 42:
346-406.
Cho U.H. and Park J.O. 2000. Mercury induced oxidative stress in tomato seedling.
Plant Sci. 156: 1-9.
Choudhary S., Ansari M.Y.K., Khan Z., Gupta H. 2012. Cytotoxic action of lead
nitrate on cytomorphology of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Turk. J. Biol. 36:
267-273.
Consolaro M.E.L., Pagliarini M.S. and Chaves L.J. 1996. Meiotic behaviour,
pollen fertility and seed production in Brazilian populations of Centella asiatica
(L.) Urban (Umbelliferae). Cytologia. 61(4): 375-381.
Costa G., Spitz E. 1997. Influence of cadmium on soluble carbohydrates free amino
acids, protein content of in vitro cultured Lupinus alba. Plant Sci. 128: 131-141.
Cristina Ortega-Villasante., Ruben, Rellan-Alvarez., Francisca F. Del Campo.,
Ramon O., Carpena-Ruiz. and Luis E. Hernandez. 2005. Cellular damage
induced by cadmium and mercury in Medicago sativa. J. Exp. Bot. 56(418):
2239-2251.
R e f e r e n c e s |167
Das S.K. and Roy S.K. 1989. Radiocytogenetical studies on Solanum I. Meiotic
abnormalities. Cytologia. 54(3): 477-481.
Das P.K. and Kundagrami S. 2000. Frequency and spectrum of chlorophyll
mutations in grasspea induced by gamma rays. Indian J. Genet. Plant Breed.
60(2): 239-241.
Das M.L., Kabir S.M.R., Begum S. and Ahmed Z.U. 2004. Radio-sensitivity and
selection of elite mutants of mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]. Bangladesh
J. Bot. 33(1): 41-45.
Datta A.K. and Biswas A.K. 1985. Induced mutagenesis in Nigella sativa L.
Cytologia. 50: 545-562.
Defani-Scoarize M. A., Pagliarini, M.S. and Aguiar C.G. 1995. Evaluation of
meiotic behavior in doublecross maize hybrids and their parents. Maydica. 40:
319-324.
Devasena T. and Menon V.P. 2003. Fenugreek affects the activity of beta-
glucuronidase and mucinase in the colon. Phytother. Res. 17(9): 1088-1091.
Devi B.A., Kamalakkannan N. and Prince P.S.M. 2003. Supplementation of
fenugreek leaves to diabetic rats. Effect on carbohydrate metabolic enzymes in
diabetic liver and kidney. Phytother. Res. 17(10): 1231-1233.
Devreux M. and Scarascia-Mugnozza G.T. 1964. Effect of gamma radiation on the
gametes, zygote and proembryo on Nicotiana tabacum L. Radiat. Bot. 4: 373-386.
Dhamayanthi K.P.M. and Reddy V.R.K. 2000. Cytogenetic effects of gamma rays
and ethyl methane sulphonate in chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Cytologia.
65(2): 129-133.
Dhari R. and Wadia R.S. 2005. Identification of Dwarf and Extra-early Mutant of
Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]. ICPN. 12: 41.
Dimitrova I. 1993. Studies of grass plants under stress conditions of industrial
pollution with heavy metals and sulphur dioxide Author’s summary of Ph.D
Dissertation. “P. Hilendarski”. Plovdiv University.
Dimitrova I., Ivanova E. 2003. Effect of heavy metal soil pollution on some
morphological and cytogenetical characteristics of flax (Linum ussitatisimum L.).
J. Balkan Ecol. 4: 212-218.
R e f e r e n c e s |168
Dryanova A. and Dimitrova B. 2000. Influence of the herbicide ‟Stomp 330„ on
morphogenetic response of Triticale callus cultures. Cytological evidence fot its
mutagenic action. Cytologia. 65: 17-23.
Dubinin N.P. 1976. Some new challenges in mutagenesis. Indian J. Genet. Pl. Breed.
36: 132-133.
Edwin R. and Reddy V.R.K. 1993. Effect of gamma rays and EMS on certain
biological parameters in Triticale. I. Indian Bot. Soc. 72: 97-101.
Edison S. 1995. Spices-Research support to productivity. In N. Ravi (ed.) The Hindu
Survey of Indian Agriculture, Kasturi and Sons Ltd., National Press, Madras.
Pp.101-105.
El-Ghamery A.A., El-Nahas A.I. and Mansour M.M. 2000. The action of atrazine
herbicide as an indicator of cell division on chromosomes and nucleic acid
content in root meristems of Allium cepa and Vicia faba. Cytologia. 65(3): 277-
287.
El-Ghamery A.A., El-Kholy M.A. and El- Youssef M.A.A. 2003. Evaluation of
cytological effects of Zn2+ in relation to germination and root growth of Nigella
sativa L. and Triticum aestivum L. Mut. Res. genet. Toxicol. Env. Muta. 537(1):
29-41.
Evans H.J. and Sparrow A.H. 1961. Nuclear factors affecting Radiosensitivity, II.
Dependence on nuclear and chromosome structure and organization; Brookhaven
Symp, In Biol. 14:101-127.
Evans H.J. 1965. Effects of radiations on meristematic cells. Rad. Bot. 5: 171-182.
Facciola S. 1990. Cornucopia- a source Book of Edible Plants. Kampong Publications
ISBN 0-9628087-0-9.
Falque M. 1994. Pod and seed development and phenotype of M1 plants after
pollination and fertilization with irradiated pollen in cacao (Theobroma cacao).
Euphytica. 75: 19-25.
Faris D.G., Saxena K.B., Mazumdar S. and Singh U. 1987. Vegetable Pigeonpea: a
promising crop for India. ICPN. Pp-13.
R e f e r e n c e s |169
Farooqi Z.R., Zafar Iqbal M., Kabir M., Nad Shafiq M. 2009. Toxic effect of lead
and cadmium on germination and seedling growth of Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth.
Pak. J. Bot. 41(1): 27-33.
Fargasova A. 1994. Effect of Pb, Cd, Hg, As and Cr on germination and root growth
of Sinapis alba seeds. Bull. Env. Contam. Toxicol. 52:452-456.
Favret H.J. 1963. Genetic effects of single and combined treatment of ionizing
radiations and EMS on barley seed. Proc. Ist Int. Barley Genet. Symp.
Negeningen. pp: 68-81.
Fazli F.R.Y. and Hardman R. 1968. The spice fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-
graecum L.). Its commercial varieties of seed as a source of diosgenin. Trop. Sci.
10: 66-78.
Fojtova M. and Kovarik A. 2000. Genotoxic effect of cadmium is associated with
apoptotic changes in tobacco cells. Plant Cell Env. 23: 531-537.
Foy C.D., Chaney R.L., White M.C. 1978. The physiology of metal toxicity in
plants. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 29: 511-566.
Fuentes D., Distante K.B., Valdecantos A., Cortina J., Vallejo V.R. 2007.
Response of Pinus halepensis Mill, Seedlings to biosolids enriched with Cu, Ni &
Zn in three Mediterranean forest soils. Environ. Poll. 145: 316-323.
Gahukar C.S., Raut S.K. and Deotale R.D. 1996. Sensitivity of pigeonpea to
physical and chemical mutagens. J. Soils and crops. 6(2): 159-161.
Ganapathy S., Nirmalakumari A., Senthil N. 2008. Isolation of macromutations
and mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency in little millet varieties. World J.
Agri. Sci. 4(4): 483-486.
Ganai F.A., Khan A.H., Bhat T.A., Parveen S. and Wani N.A. 2005. Cytogenetic
effects of methyl methane sulphonate (MMS) on two varieties of chickpea (Cicer
arietinum L.). J. Cytol. Genet. 6: 97-102.
Gaur P. and Gour V. 2003. Broad-few-leaflets and outwardly curved wigs: Two
new mutants of chickpea. Plant Breed. 122: 192-194.
George N.M. 2000. Evaluation on mutagenic effects of the three heavy metals on
Vicia faba plants. Cytologia. 65(1): 75-82.
R e f e r e n c e s |170
Gepts P., Osborn T.Y.C., Rashk K. and Bliss F.A. 1986. Phaseolin protein
variability in wild forms and land races of the common bean (Phaseolus
vulgaris). Econ. Bot. 40: 451-468.
Ghafgazi T., Farid H. and Pourafkari A. 1980.In vitro study of the action of
Trigonella foenum-graecum grown in Iran. Iranian. J. Pub. Health. 9: 21-26.
Girja M. and Dhanavel D. 2009. Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of gamma
rays, Ethyl Methane Sulphonate and their combined treatments in cowpea (Vigna
unguiculata L. Walp).Global J. Mol. Sci. 4(2): 68-75.
Goodspeed T.H. 1929. The effects of X-rays and radium on species of genus
Nicotiana. J. Hered. 20: 243-259.
Gottschalk W., Muller H.P. 1970. Monogenic alteration of seed protein content and
protein pattern in X-ray induced Pisum mutants. In: Improving Plant Protein by
Nuclear Techniques. Proc. IAEA, Vienna 201–212.
Gottschalk W. and Muller H.P. 1982. Seed protein of Pisum mutants and
recombinants. Qualitas Plantarum. 31: 296-306.
Gottschalk W. 1990. Experimental mutagenesis in Pisum In. Genetic improvement of
pulse crops. (Eds) Jafar Nizam, I.A Khan and SA Farook. Premier Pub. House,
Hyderabad. Pp-337.
Gopal R. and N. Khurana. 2011. Effect of heavy metal pollutants on sunflower.
African J. of Plant Sci. 5(9): 531-536.
Goyal S. and Khan S. 2010. Induced mutagenesis in urdbean (Vigna mungo L.
Hepper): A Review. Int. J. of Bot. 6: 194-206.
Gray L.H. and Read J. 1950. The effects of ionizing radiations on broad bean root,
part VII. The inhibition of mitosis by alpha radiations. Brit. J. Radiol. 23: 300-
303.
Gregory W.C. 1968. A radiation breeding experiment with peanuts. Rad. Bot. 8: 84-
147.
Gulfishan M., Khan A.H., Bhat T.A. 2010. Studies on cytotoxicity induced by DES
and SA in Vicia faba var. Major. Turk. J. Bot. 34: 31-37.
Gulfishan M., Khan A.H, Haneef I., Bhat T.A. 2011. Genotoxic effect of diethyl
sulphate in two varieties of Capsicum annuum L. Nucleus. 54(2): 107–111.
R e f e r e n c e s |171
Gustafsson A. 1951. Mutations, environment and evolution. Cold Spring Harbor
Symposia Quant. Biol. 16: 263-280.
Gustafsson A. 1969. A study of induced mutations in plants “Induced Mutations in
Plants”. Proc. Series IAEA pp: 9-31.
Hagen G.L. and Gunckel J.E. 1958. Free amino acid in Nicotiana glauca,
N.langsdorffii and their interspecific hybrid following gamma irradiation. Plant
Physiol. 33: 439.
Hannan J.M.A., Rokeya B., Faruque O., Nahar N., Mosihuzzaman M., Azad
Khan A.K. and Ali L. 2003. Effect of soluble dietary fibre fraction of
Trigonellafoenum-graecum on glycemic, insulenimic, lipidemic and platelet
aggregation status of Type 2 diabetic model rats. J. of Ethnopharmacol. 88: 73-
77.
Haroun S.A. and Al Shehri M. 2001. Cytogenetic effects of Calotropis procera
extract on Vicia faba L. Cytologia. 66: 373-378.
Harsulkar A.M. 1994. Studies on the mutagenic effects of pesticides in barley; Ph.D.
Thesis, BAM University Aurangabad, India.
Heidari M. and Sarani S. 2011. Effects of lead and cadmium on seed germination,
seedling growth and antioxidant enzymes activities of mustard (Sinapis arvensis
L.) ARPN J. Agri. Biol. Sci. 6(1): 1-8.
Hussein M.A. and Siddiqui B.A. 1997. Effect of EMS on germination and seedling
growth of S. melongena L. Adv. Plant Sci. 10(2): 223-227.
Hutterman J., Kohnlein W. and Teolf R. 1978. Effects of ionizing radiations on
DNA. Springer Verlag, New York.
Hugo De Vries. 1901. Die mutations theories I. Von. Viet and C Leipzig (Seitev). Pp:
1-648.
I.A.E.A. 1970. Manual of mutation breeding. IAEA. Vienna.
Ichitani K., Takayama Y., Sato M., Hashimoto F., Ishiguro E. and Sakata Y.
2003. Effect of irradiation conditions on mutation rate induced by gamma-ray
irradiation in foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.]. Memoirs of the
Faculty of Agriculture Kagoshima University. 38(47): 1-8.
R e f e r e n c e s |172
Ignacimuthu S. and Babu C.R. 1989. Induced variation in protein quality in the wild
and cultivated urd and mungbean. Ind. J. Gent. 49(2): 171-181.
Ignacimuthu S. and Babu C. R. 1992. Induced variation in pod and seed traits of
wild and cultivated beans. J. Nucl. Agric. Biol. 21(4): 286-292.
Ignacimuthu S. and Arockiadass A. 1993. Induced protein and isoenzyme variation
in Vigna radiata var. PS-16. Madras Agri. J. 80: 252-254.
Iqbal M. and Datta A.K. 2007. Cytogenetics studies in Withania somnifera (L.)
(Solonaceae). The Japan Mendel Society. 72(1):43-47.
Jabeen F. 2002. Induction of mutations in Cicer arietinum L. by chemical mutagens.
Ph.D Thesis, Aligarh Muslim University. India.
Jabee F. and Ansari M.Y.K. 2005. Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of
hydrazine sulphate (HS) in inducing cytomorphological mutations in Cicer
arietinum L. var. K-850. J. Cytol. Genet. 6(NS): 161-166.
Jabee F., Ansari M.Y.K. and Shahab D. 2007. Maleic Hydrazide (MH) induced
variations for economic traits in Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Biosci. Biotech.
Res. Asia. 4(1): 141-144.
Jabee F., Ansari M.Y.K. and Shahab D. 2008. Studies on the effect of maleic
hydrazide on root tip cells and pollen fertility in Trigonella foenum-graecum L.
Turk. J. Bot. 32: 337-344.
Jabeen N. and Mirza B. 2004. Ethyl methane sulphonate induces morphological
mutations in Capsicum annuum. Int. J. of Agri. Biol. 340-345.
Jacobsen E. and Schouten H. 2007. Cisgenesis strongly improves introgression
breeding and induced translocation breeding of plants. Trends Biotechnol. 25:
219-223.
Jafri I.F., Khan A.H. and Gulfishan M. 2011. Genotoxic effects of 5-bromouracil
on cyto-morphological characters of Cichorium intybus L. African J. Biotech.
10(52): 10595-10599.
Jahagirdar A.D. 1975. Cytogenetics studies in Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Ph.D
Thesis, Nagpur University. India.
Jain S. 2005. Major mutation-assisted plant breeding programs supported by
FAO/IAEA. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Culture. 82: 113-123.
R e f e r e n c e s |173
Jain K.C., Sharma D., Gupta S.C., Reddy L.J. and Singh U. 1981. Breeding for
Vegetable type Pigeonpea In: proceeding of the International Workshop on
pigeonpeas. ICRISAT, 15-19 Dec.1980, 2: 165-172.
Jain S.C. and Agarwal M. 1993. Changes in morphological characters in Trigonella
foenum-graecum L. due to chemical mutagens. J. Indian Bot. Soc. 72: 277-280.
Jain S.M. and Gupta P.K. 2005. Protocols for somatic embryogenesis in woody
plants. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. ISBN 1 4020 2984.5.
Jain D.K., Ranwah B.R. and Bordia P.C. 2005. Mutagenic effectiveness and
efficiency of gamma rays in Isabgol (Plantago ovata Forsk). Crop Improv. 32(1):
71-77.
Jana M.K. 1962. X-ray induced mutants of Phaseolas mungo L., II. Sterility and vital
mutants. Genet. Iber. 14: 71-104.
Jayakumar S. and Selvaraj R. 2003. Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of
gamma rays and ethyl methane sulphonate in sunflower (Helianthus annus L.).
Madras Argic. J. 90 (7-9): 574-576.
Javan M., Ahmadiani A., Semnanian S. and Kamalinejad M. 1997.
Antinociceptive effects of Trigonella foenum-graecum leaves extract. J.
Ethnopharmacol. 58(2): 125-129.
Jiang W., Liu D. 2000. Effects of Pb+2 on root growth, cell division and nucleolus of
Zea mays L. Bull. Env. Cont. Toxicol. 65: 786-793.
Jongebloed M. 2004. Coriander and Fenugreek, p. 229-235. InS. Salvin et al., (ed.)
The New Crop Industries Handbook, Rural Industries Research and Development
Corporation (RIRDC), Australian Government, Australia.
Julio E., Laporte F., Reis S., Rothen C. and Dorlhac de Borne F. 2008. Reducing
the content of non-nicotine tobacco via targeted mutation breeding. Mol. Breed.
21: 369-381.
Kabir G. and Alam S. 1986. Cytological effects of insecticides (Carbicron-100 ECV
apona-50) on barley (Hordeum vulgare L). Cytologia. 51: 885-892.
Kabir M., Iqbal M.Z., Shafigh M., Faroogi Z.R. 2008. Reduction in germination
and seedling growth of Thespesia populnea L. caused by lead and cadmium
treatments. Pak. J. Bot. 40(6): 2419-2426.
R e f e r e n c e s |174
Kalia C.S., Kharakwal M.C. and Singh M.P. 2000. Recovery of desirable
mutations in wheat. Indian. J. Genet. 60(4): 465-470.
Kalia C.S., Kharakwal M.C., Singh M.P. and Varialice K. 2001. Mutagenic effects
of environmental industrial chemical agents in inducing cytogenetical changes in
wheat. Indian J. Genet. 61(3): 203-208.
Kallo. 1972. Chromosomal alterations in mitotic and meiotic system as influenced by
gamma rays in Pisum. Cytologia. 87: 643-651.
Kamal R., Yadav R. and Sharma J.D. 1993. Efficacy of the steroidal fraction of the
fenugreek seed extract on the fertility of male albino rats. Phytother. Res. 7:134-
138.
Karthika R. and Lakshmi B.S. 2006. Effect of gamma rays and EMS on two
varieties of soybean. Asian J. Plant Sci. 5(4): 721-724.
Katiyar R.B. 1978. Radio cytogenetical studies on Capsicum L. Meiotic anomalies.
Cytologia. 43(2): 415-421.
Kaul M.L.H. 1980. Seed protein variability in rice. Z. Pflanzenzucht. 302-312.
Kaul M.L.H. 1982. Genetic variations in high protein peas. Qualitas Plantarum. 31:
307-317.
Kaul M.L.H. and Nirmala C. 1993. Male sterility in Pea II. Male sex specific dys-
synapsis. Cytologia. 58: 67-76.
Kavithamani D., Kalamani A., Vanniarajan C. and Uma D. 2010. Development of
new vegetable soybean (Glycine max L. Merill) mutants with high protein and
less fibre content. Elec. J. of Plant Breed. 1(4): 1060-1065.
Khalil M.Y., El-Sherbeny S.E. and Hussein M.S. 2001. Growth, yield and chemical
constituents of some medicinal plants in relation to gamma irradiation. Egyptian J.
Horti. 28(3): 355-369.
Khan A.A., Ansari M.Y.K., Khursheed T. and Kalra N. 1998. Studies on the effect
of 6-Benzyl amino purine on meiosis in faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Ad. Plant Sci.
11:121-125.
Khan S., Rehman M.U., Siddiqui B.A. and Azad S.A. 1998. Mutagen induced
biological damage and chlorophyll mutations in Vigna radiata (L). Wilczek. J.
Indian Bot. Soc. 77: 143-145.
R e f e r e n c e s |175
Khan M.A., Baloch M.S., Taj I. and Gandapur I. 1999.Effect of phosphorus on the
growth and yield of mungbean. Pak. J. Biol. Sci. 2: 667-669.
Khan S., Siddiqui B.A. and Rehman M.U. 1999. Mutation genetic studies in
mungbean III. Screening of high yielding mutants. J. Cytol. Genet. 34(1): 75-78.
Khan S. and Wani M.R. 2005. Comparison on the effect of chemical mutagens on
mungbean. Adv. Plant Sci. 18(II): 533-535.
Khan A. A., Ansari M.Y.K., Shahab D. and Bhat T. A. 2005a. Induced variations
for quantitative traits in Vicia faba L. Vegetos. 18(1&2): 83-86.
Khan A.A., Ansari M.Y.K., Bhat T. A. and Shahab D. 2005b. DES induced
variations for economic traits in broad bean (Vicia faba L.). Biosci. Biotech. Res.
Asia. 3(2): 363-366.
Khan M.R. and Aslam K.M. 2006. Effect of 2, 4-D on seedling physiology and
cytogenetical studies in Triticum aestivum and Phelaris minor (Gramineae). Acta
Bot. Yunnanica. 28(4): 394-398.
Khan A. A., Ansari M.Y.K., Bhat T. A. and Shahab D. 2006a. Study of mutations
for economic traits of Vicia faba L. in M3 generation induced by 6-Benzyl Amino
Purine (6-BAP) and DES. Indian J. Appl. Pure Biol. 21(2): 311-316.
Khan A.A., Ansari M.Y.K., Bhat T.A., Shahab D. and Wani N.A. 2006b.
Screening of mutants in M3 generation induced by chemical mutagens in broad
bean (Vicia faba L.). Biosci. Biotech. Res. Asia. 3(1a): 245-248.
Khan A.A., Ansari M.Y.K., Shahab D. and Bhat T.A. 2007. Comparative analysis
of meiotica induced by caffeine and DES in Vicia faba L. Adv. Plant. Sci. 20(1):
73-76.
Khan A.A., Ansari M.Y.K. and Shahab D. 2007a. Effect of ethylene diamine on
certain biological parameters in Vicia faba L. Var. Major. Indian J. Appl. Pure.
Biol. 22(2): 195-197.
Khan A.A., Ansari M.Y.K., Shahab D. and Bhat T.A. 2007b. Comparative analysis
of meiotic abnormalities induced by caffeine and DES in Vicia faba L. Adv. Plant
Sci. 20(1): 73-76.
Khan A.A., Ansari M.Y.K., Bhat T. A. and Shahab D. 2007c. Clastogenic effect of
8-Hydroxy Quinoline in Vicia faba L. Adv. Plant Sci. 20(1): 85-87.
R e f e r e n c e s |176
Khan M.H. and Tyagi S.D. 2009. Cytological effects of different mutagens in
soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merill). Front. Agric. China. 3(4): 397-401.
Khan S. and Goyal S. 2009.Improvement of mungbean variety through induced
mutations. African J. Plant Sci. 3: 174-180.
Khan Z., Gupta H., Ansari M.Y.K. and Choudhary S. 2009a. Methyl methane
sulphonate induced chromosomal variations in a medicinal plant Cichorium
intybus L. during microsporogenesis. Biol. Medi. 1(2): 66-69.
Khan Z., Ansari M.Y.K., Gupta H. and Choudhary S. 2009b. Dynamics of 2, 4-D
in generation of cytomorphological variations in an important anticancerous and
antihepatotoxic herb -Cichorium intybus L. Turk. J. Bot. 33: 383-387.
Khan Z., Gupta H., Ansari M.Y.K. and Choudhary S. 2010. Studies on variations
induced by alkylating agent DMS on vegetative and yield traits in Chicory
(Cichorium intybus L). J. Indian. Bot. Soc. 89(1&2): 92-94.
Kharkwal M.C. 1998. Induced mutations in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) I.
Comparative mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of physical and chemical
mutagens. Indian J. Genet. Plant Breed. 58: 159-167.
Kharkwal M.C. 1999. Induced mutations in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) III.
Frequency and spectrum of viable mutations. Indian J. Genet. Plant Breed. 59(4):
451-464.
Kharkwal M.C. 2000. Induced mutations in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) IV. Types
of macromutations induced. Indian J. Genet. Plant Breed. 60(3): 305-320.
Kharkwal M.C. 2001. Induced mutations in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)V.
Evaluation of micromutations. Indian. J. Genet. Plant Breed. 61(2): 115-124.
Kharkwal M.C., Pandey R.N. and Pawar S.E. 2004. Mutation breeding for crop
improvement, Plant Breeding-Mendelian to Molecular. Approaches; Narosa
Publishing House New Delhi, Pp-601-645.
Khursheed T., Ansari M.Y.K. and Shahab D. 2008. Studies on the effect of caffeine
on seed germination, seedling survival and pollen fertility in Helianthus annuus L.
Variety Modern. Adv. Plant Sci. 20(II): 311-312.
R e f e r e n c e s |177
Khursheed T., Ansari M.Y.K. and Shahab D. 2009. Studies on the effect of
caffeine on growth and yield parameters in Helianthus annuus L. variety.
Modern. Boil. Medi. 1(2): 56-60.
Kirtane S.A. 2002. Cyto-physiological studies in onion (Allium cepa L.) with
reference to mutagenesis. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Pune. Pune; India.
Kirtikar K.R and Basu B.D 1984. Indian Medicinal plants. 2nd Edition Vol. II,
Dehli., pp.1347-1348.
Koli N.R. and Ramkrishna K. 2002. Frequency and spectrum of induced mutations
and mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-
graecum L.). Indian J. Genet. Plant Breed. 62(4): 365-366.
Konzak C.F., Nilan R.A., Wagner J. and Foster R.J. 1965. Efficient chemical
mutagenesis. The use of induced mutations in plant breeding (FAO/IAEA
Meeting, Rome). Radiat. Bot. (Suppl.) 75: 49-70.
Kothekar V.S. 1983. Stimulation induced by gamma rays in Solanum melongena L.
Curr. Sci. 52: 34.
Koul K.K. 1990. Cytomixis in pollen mother cells of Alopercurus arundinaceus poir.
Cytologia. 55(1): 169-173.
Krishna G., Shivashankar G. and Nath J. 1984. Mutagenic response of Rhodes
grass (Chloris gayana Kunth) to gamma rays. Environ. Exp. Bot. 24: 197-205.
Kumar S., Vandana and Dubey D.K. 1993. Studies on the effect of the gamma rays
and diethyl sulhphate (DES) on germination, growth, fertility and yield in faba
bean. FABIS Newsletter. 32: 15-18.
Kumar S. and Dubey D.K. 1996. Effect of mutagens on pollen traits in M1 and their
possible roles as indicators of micromutations in later generation in khesari
(Lathyrus sativus L.) Var. P-505 J. Indian Bot. Soc. 75: 87-89.
Kumar S. and Dubey D.K. 1998a. Effect of separate and simultaneous application of
gamma rays and EMS on germination, growth, fertility and yield in cultivars
Nirmal and LSD-3 of khesari (Lathyrus sativus L.) Var. P-505. J. Phytol. Res.
11(2): 165-170.
Kumar S. and Dubey D.K. 1998b. Mutagenic efficiency and effectiveness of
separate and combined treatments with gamma rays, EMS and DES in khesari
R e f e r e n c e s |178
(Lathyrus sativus L.). J. Indian Bot. Soc. 77: 1-4.
Kumar G. and Singh V. 2002. EMS induced chromosomal stickiness in Hordeum
vulgare. Nucleus. 45(3): 139-142.
Kumar G., Kesarwani S. and Sharma V. 2003. Clastogenic effect of individual and
combined treatment of gamma rays and EMS in Lene culinaris. J. Cytol. Genet.
4(NS): 149-154.
Kumar G. and Tripathi A. 2003. Comparative mitotoxicity and mutagenecity of two
heavy metals in Allium Ceapa L. J. Cytol. Genet. 4(NS): 169-173.
Kumar G. and Tripathi A. 2004. Mutagenic response of Caffeine in Capsicum
annuum Linn. J. Indian. Bot. Soc. 83: 136-140.
Kumar G. and Rai P. 2006. Partial genome elimination through micronuclei in
soybean (Glycine max). National Academy of Science Letters. 29: 417-421.
Kumar G. and Srivastava S. 2006. Buffering action of essential metals against
heavy metal cytotoxicity in Helianthus annus. TheNucleus. 49: 45-51.
Kumar O.A., Tata S.S. and Rao K.G.R. 2006. Cytogenetics of a spontaneous
fascinated stem mutant of chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). The Japan
Mendel Society. 71(3): 321-324.
Kumar A., Mishra M.N., and Kharkwal M.C. 2007. Induced mutagenesis in
blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper). Indian J. Genet. 67(1): 67-50.
Kumar G. and Tripathi R. 2007a. Lead induced cytotoxicity and mutagenecity in
Grasspea. Turk. J. Biol. 32: 73-78.
Kumar G. and Tripathi R. 2007b. Anomalous Nucleolar and Chromosomal
organization in induced phenodeviants of Grasspea. Cytologia. 72(3): 345-350.
Kumar G. and Rai P.K. 2007. EMS induced karyomorphological variations in maize
(Zea mays L.) inbreed. Turk. J. Biol. 31: 187-195.
Kumar G. and Rai P. 2007a. Colchiploidy in soybean (Glycine max). J. Cytol.
Genet. 8(NS): 17-23.
Kumar G. and Rai P. 2007b. Comparative genotoxic potential of mercury and
cadmium in soybean. Turk. J. Biol. 31: 13-18.
R e f e r e n c e s |179
Kumar G. and Gupta P. 2008. Lead induced differential genotoxicity in annuum L.
Current Biotica. 3(2): 261-273.
Kumar G. and Gupta P. 2009. Induced karyomorphological variations in three
phenodeviants of Capsicum annuum L. Turk. J. Biol. 33: 123-128.
Kumar G. and Tripathi R. 2008. Lead induced toxicity and mutagenicity in grass
pea. Turk. J. Biol. 32: 73-78.
Kumar G. and Rai P.K. 2009. Genetic repairing through storage of gamma
irradiated seeds in inbred maize (Zea mays L.). Turk. J. Biol. 33(3): 195-204.
Kumar G. and Yadav R.S. 2010. EMS induced genomic disorders in sesame
(Sesamum indicum L.) Rom. J. Biol. – Plant Biol. 55(2): 97–104.
Kumari M. 2008. Combined effects of Cu2+ and Zn2+ on Cd2+ induced toxicity in
Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek. Ph.D. Thesis. M.J.P. Rohilkhand University,
Bareilly, India.
Kumari M., Sinhal V.K., Srivastava A. and Singh V.P. 2011a. Cytogenetic effects
of individual and combined treatment of Cu2+ and Zn2+ on Cd2+ in Vigna radiata
(L.) Wilczeck. J. of Phytol. 3(8): 38-42.
Kumari M., Sinhal V.K., Srivastava A. and Singh V.P. 2011b. Zinc Alleviates
Cadmium Induced Toxicity in Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek. J. Phytol. 3(8): 43-46.
Kurobane I., Yamaguchi H., Svorer C. and Nilan R. 1979. The effects of gamma
irradiation on the production and secretion of enzymes and enzymatic activities in
barley. Envir. Exp. Bot. 19: 75-84.
Laemmli U.K. 1970. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head
becterio-phage T4. Nature. 227: 680-685.
Lagoda P.J.L. 2009. Networking and Forecasting of Cooperation I Plant Mutation
Genetics and Breeding: Role of the Joint FAO/IAEA Division. Q.Y. Shu (ed.)
Induced Plant Mutation in the Genomic Era, Food and Agriculture organization
of the United Nations, Rome. Pp. 27-30.
Lakshmi N., Prakash N.S. and Harini I. 1988. Cytogenetical effect of agricultural
chemical I. Effects of insecticides “Ekalux and Metasystox” chilli (Capsicum
annuum L.). Cytologia. 53(4): 703-708.
R e f e r e n c e s |180
Lal R. K. and Sharma J.R. 2000. Effects of gamma irradiation (CO60) on economic
traits in isabgol (Plantago ovata). J. of Med. Aromatic Plant Sci. 22: 251-255.
Lamprecht H. 1958. Rontgen Empfindlichkeit und Genoty pische Konstitution von
Pisum. Agri. Hort. Genet.11: 40-54.
Lamhamdi M., Bakrim A., Aarab A., Lafont R., Sayah F. 2011. Lead
phytotoxicity on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seed germination and seedlings
growth. Comptes Rendus Biologies. 334(2): 118-26.
Lane S.D. and Martin E.S. 1980. Further observations in the distribution of lead in
juvenile roots of Raphanus sativus. Z. Pllanzen physiol. 97: 145-152.
Lattoo S.K., Khan S., Bamotra S. and Dhar A.K., 2006. Cytomixis impairs meiosis
and influences reproductive success in Chlorophytum comosum (Thunb) Jacqan
additional strategy and possible implications. J. of Biosci. 31: 629-637.
Lea D.D. 1955. Action of radiations on living cells. Cambridge university press.
Lone L.E., Raza., Muhammad S.H.S., Naeem M.A. and Khalid M. 2006. Lead
content in soil and wheat tissues along roads with different traffic loads in
Rawalpindi District. Pak. J. Bot. 38(4): 1035-1042.
Lowry O.H., Rosebrough N.J., Farr A.L. and Randall R.J. 1951. Protein
measurement with folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem.193-265.
Liu D., Jiang W., Zhao F.M., Lu C. 1994. Effects of lead on root growth, cell
division and nucleolus of Allium cepa. Env. Poll. 86: 1-4.
Lust J.B. 1986. The Herb Book, Bantam Books Inc., New York.
Maheshwari N., Chand S.1991. Effect of gamma radiation on morphological
characters and hyoscyamine content in Hyoscyamus muticus L. J. Ind. Bot.
Society. 70(1-4): 291-292.
Mahmoud A.A. and At-Twaty N. 2006. Effect of gamma rays and sodium azide on
some economic traits in tomato. Saudi J. Biol. Sci. 13(10): 44-49.
Malik A. and Shrivastava A.K. 2007. Induced autopolyploidy in Carthamus. J.
Cytol. Genet. 8(NS): 75-80.
Manivasagaperumal R., Vijayarengan P., Balamurugan S. and Thiyagarajan G.
2011. Effect of copper on growth, dry matter yield and nutrient content of vigna
radiata (L.) Wilczek. J. Phytol. 3(3): 53-62.
R e f e r e n c e s |181
Manjaya J.G. and Nandanwar R.S. 2007. Genetic improvement of soybean variety
JS 80-21 through induced mutations. Plant Mut. Rep. 1(3): 36-40.
Manapure Prema and Patil Shanti. 1997. Induced mutants in blackgram. J. Soils
and Crops. 7(2): 208.209.
Malik C.P. and Mary T.N. 1973. Mutation breeding in some rye grass species; Int.
Symp., on use of isotopes and radiation in agriculture and Animal Husbandary
Res. Pp. 39-45.
Malik A. and Shrivastava A.K. 2007. Induced autopolyploidy in Carthamus. J.
Cytol. Genet. 8(NS): 75-80.
Maluszynski M., Szarejko I., Barriga P. and Balcerzyk A. 2001. Heterosis in crop
mutant crosses and production of high yielding lines using doubled haploid
systems. Euphytica. 120: 387-398.
Matsumoto S.T., Marin-Morales M.A. 2004. Mutagenic potential evaluation of the
water of a river that receives tannery effluent using Allium cepa test system.
Cytologia. 69: 399-408.
Matta N.K. and Gatehouse J.A. 1982. Inheritance and mapping of storage protein
genes in Pisum sativum L. Heredity. 48: 383-392.
Meherchandani M. 1975. Effects of gamma radiation on the dormant seeds of
Avenafutua L. Rad. Bot. 15: 439-443.
Mesmar M.N., Jaber K. 1991. The toxic effect of lead on seed germination, growth,
chlorophyll and protein contents of wheat and lens. Acta. Biol. Hung. 42(4):331-
44.
Mishra A. and Choudhuri M.A. 1997. Different effects of Pb+2 and Hg+2 on
inhibition of seeds of two rice cultivars. Indian J. Plant Physiol. 2: 41-44.
Mishra A. and Choudhari M.A. 1998. Amelioration of lead and mercury effects on
germination and rice seedling growth by antioxidants. Biol. Plant. 41: 469-473.
Misra R.N., Jachuck P.J. and Sampath S. 1973. Induced mutations for practical
utility in rice, In: Int. Sym. On use of isotopes and Radiations in Agriculture and
Animal Husbandry. New Delhi. PP, 19-71.
Mitra P.K. and Bhowmik G. 1998. Effect of mutagens on some biological
parameters on Nigella sativa L. Ad. Plant Sci. 11: 155-161.
R e f e r e n c e s |182
Mitra P.K. and Bhowmik G. 1999. Studies in the frequency and segregation of
induced chlorophyll mutations in Nigella sativa L. Adv. Plant Sci. 12: 125-129.
Muller H.J. 1927. Artificial transmutation of the gene. Science. 66: 84.
Mundhe B.F. 2008. Gamma rays and ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) induced
mutation studies in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merill.], Ph.D.Thesis, University
of Pune. Pune; India.
Murray F. and Wilson S. 1991. The effect of SO2 on the final growth of Medicago
truncatula. Environ. Exp. Bot. 31: 319-325.
Myers J.R., Gritton E.T. and Struckmeyer B.E. 1992. Genetic male sterility in the
pea (Pisum sativum L.) II. Cytology. Euphytica. 673: 245-256.
Nabipour A., Yazdi-Samadi B. and Sarrafi A. 2004. Genetic control of some
morphological mutants in sunflower. Indian J. Genet. Plant. Breed. 58(2): 157-
162.
Nadarajan N., Ramalingam R.S. and Sivasamy N. 1985. Biological effect of
mutagenic treatments in Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. Madras agric. J. 72(6): 301-
305.
Naik B.S., Singh B., Kole C. 2002. A promising mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.)
Wilczek] genotype with high protein content and seed yield. Indian J. Genet.
Plant Breed. 62(4): 342–344.
Nasare P.N., Choudhary A.D. 2011. Early flowering and high yielding mutants in
Ocimum sanctum Linn. Botony. 1(4): 1-4.
Natarajan A.T. and Shivashankar G. 1965. Studies on modification of mutation
responses of barley seeds to ethyl methane sulphonate. Z. Vererburgstehre. 43:
69-76.
Navarro L. and Guitian J. 2003. Seed germination and seedling survival of two
threatened endemic species of the northwest Iberian Peninsula. Biol.
Conservation. 109: 313- 320.
Olteanu Z., Stratu A., Murariu A., Costic N. 2008. The influence of some heavy
metals on Medicago sativa seed germination and seedling growth. An. _tiin_.
Univ. „Al. I. Cuza” Ia_i, Genet. Biol. Molec. IX(1): 55-61.
R e f e r e n c e s |183
Omar S.R., Ahmed O.H., Saamin S. and Ab. Majid N.M. 2008. Gamma
radiosensitivity study on chilli (Capsicum annuum). American. J. App. Sci. 5(2):
67-70.
Pagliarini M.S. 1990. Meiotic behaviour and pollen fertility in Aptenia cordifolia
(Aizoaceae). Caryologia. 43: 157-162.
Pagliarini M.S. and Pereira M.A.S. 1992. Meiotic studies in Pilocarpus
pennatifolius Lem. (Rutaceae). Cytologia. 57(2): 231-235.
Pagliarini M.S., Pissinatti M.B. and Silva N. 1993. Chromosomal behaviour and
seed production in Chlorophytum comosum (Liliaceae). Cytologia. 58(4): 433-
437.
Pagliarini M.S., De Freitas P.M. and Batisha L.A.R. 2000. Chromosome stickiness
in meiosis of Brazilian Paspalum accession. Cytologia. 65: 289-294.
Palanivel S. and Jayabalan N. 2000. Gamma radiation induced chlorophyll mutants
in Cassia angustifolia Vahl. (Senna). Geobios. 27(2-3): 111-113.
Panchbhaye P.M. 1997. Mutation Breeding of Sunflower (Helianthus annus L.).
Ph.D. Thesis BAM University Aurangabad. India.
Pandian R.S., Anuradha CV. and Viswanathan P. 2002. Gastroprotective effect of
fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum-graecum) on experimental gastric ulcers in
rats. J. Ethnopahrmacol. 81(3): 393-397.
Parveen Z., Khan A.H. and Bhat T.A. 2005. The Effect of Methyl Methane
Sulphonate (MMS) on certain biological parameters of Eggplant (Solanum
melongena L.) Varieties Pusa Purple Long and BR-112. Indian J. Pure App. Biol.
20(2): 159-162.
Patil S. and Bawankar S. 2000. Mutation studies in lathyrus (Lathyrus sativus L.).
In: Proceedings DAE-BRNS symposium on the use of nuclear molecular
techniques in crop improvement. Pp. 117-123.
Patil A., Taware S.P., Oak M.D., Tamhankar S.A. and Rao V.S. 2007.
Improvement of oil quality in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] by mutation
breeding. J. American Oil Chem. Soc. 84: 1117–1124.
Patil M.T. 2009. Genetic Improvement of Cowpea for Agronomic Traits, through
Mutation Breeding. Ph. D. Thesis, University of Pune. Pune; India.
R e f e r e n c e s |184
Patra M. and Sharma A. 2002. Relative efficacy of Allium cepa and Allium sativum
in anaphase-telophase test screening metal genotoxicity. Biologia. 57: 409-414.
Paul R. and Datta A. 2005. Gamma-rays and EMS induced macromutants in celery
(Apium graveolens L.), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) and ajowan
(Trachyospermum amni L.). J. Phytol. Res. 18(1): 95-98.
Pavadai P. and Dhanavel D. 2004. Effect of EMS, DES and colchicines treatment in
soybean. Crop Res. 28 (1-3): 118-120.
Pavadai P. and Dhanavel D. 2005. Effect of gamma rays on yield and its components
in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. Var. CO-1]. Crop Res. 30(3): 459-461.
Pavadai P., Girija M. and Dhanavel D. 2010. Effect of gamma Rays, EMS, DES
and COH on protein and oil content in Soybean. J.of Ecobiotech. 2/4: 47-50.
Premjit K. and Grover I.S. 1985. Cytological effect of some organophosphorus
pesticides. II. Mitotic effects. Cytologia. 50: 199-211.
Pele S.K. and Howard A. 1955. Effect of various doses of X-rays on the number of
cells synthesizing DNA. Rad Res. 3: 135-142.
Petropoulos G.A. 2002. Fenugreek-The genus Trigonella, 1st ed. Taylor and Francis,
London and New York Pp. 1-127.
Phillips R. and Foy N. 1990. Herbs Pan Books Ltd. London. ISBN 0-330-30725-8.
Pozzobon M.T. and Schifino-Wittmann M.T. 2006. A meiotic study of the wild and
semi-domesticated Brazilian species of genus Capsicum annuum L. (Solonaceae).
The Japan Mendel Society. 71(3): 275-287.
Pawar S.E. and Wanjari K.B. 1994. Breeding high yielding varieties of pigeon pea,
mungbean and blackgram using induced mutations. In. DAE/BRNS Symp.
“Nuclear Applications in Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Food
Preservation,” NRL. IARA, New Delhi. Pp. 7-8.
Rai P.K., Kumar G. 2010. The genotoxic potential of two heavy metals in inbred
lines of maize (Zea mays L.). Turk. J. Bot. 34: 39-46.
Rao N.B. and Laxmi V. 1980. Gamma rays induced meiotic abnormalities in
Capsicum annuum L. Caryologia. 33: 509-518.
Rapoport I.A. 1962. 85% mutations with six chromosomes under the influence of
nitroso ethyl Urea. Dokl. Acad. Sci. USSR. 146: 1418-1421.
R e f e r e n c e s |185
Rashid A., Bernier M., Pazdernick L., Carpentier L. 1991. Interaction on Zn2+
with the donor side of photosystem-II. Photosynth. Res. 30: 123-130.
Rao D.M. and Reddy T.P. 1983. Induction of mutations in Pigeonpea (Cajanus
cajan L.). Mut. Breeding Newsletter. IAEA, Vienna. 23: 8-11.
Rao R., Vaglio M.D., Paino M., Urzo D., Monti L. and Vaglio M.D. 1992.
Identification of Vigna sp. through specific seed storage polypeptides. Euphytica.
62: 39-43.
Rao Rama Mohan D., Reddy T.V. and Seetharami V. 1983. Induction of seedling
injury in two varieties of rice by gamma rays, sodium azide alone and in
combination. Indian J. Bot. 7(1): 64-67.
Raskin I., Ribnicky D.M., Komarnytsky S., Llic N., Poulev A., Borisjuk N.,
Brinker A., Moreno D.A., Ripoll C., Yakoby N., O'Neal J.M., Cornwell T.,
Pastor I. and Fridlender B. 2002. Plants and human health in twenty-first
century. Trends Biotechnol. 20(12): 522-531.
Ravi S.B and Bala R.S. 1983. A dwarf mutant of pigeonpea used in cross breeding.
Mutation Breeding Newsletter. 21: 5.
Raveendaran P. and Jayabalan N. 1997. Induced chlorophyll mutation studies in
cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp). J. Indian Bot. Soc. 76: 197-199.
Reddi T.V.V.S. 1977. Cytogenetics of mutants induced by physical and chemical
mutagens in three varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Ph.D Thesis. Andhra Univ.
Waltair. India. pp: 145.
Reddy G.M. and Reddy T.P. 1972. Induction of mutations by hydrazine in rice. Ind.
J. Genet. 32: 388-391.
Reddy S.S. and Rao G.M. 1981. Cytogenetic effects of agriculture chemicals I.
Effects of insecticides BHC and Nuvacron on chromosomes in chili L. Cytologia.
46(4): 699-707.
Reddy S.S. and Rao G.M. 1982. Cytogenetic effects of agricultural chemicals II.
Effects of herbicides “Lasso and basagran” on chromosomal mechanism in
relation to yield and yield components in chilli (Capsicum annuum L.).
Cytologia. 47(2): 257-267.
R e f e r e n c e s |186
Reddy V.R.K. and Gupta P.K. 1989. Biological effects of gamma rays and EMS in
Hexaploid Triticale. Acta Bota. Indica. 17: 76-81.
Reddy V.R.K. and Annadurai M. 1991. Chlorophyll mutations in lentil. Frequency
and segregation. Indian J. Genet. Plant Breed. 26: 31-37.
Reddy V.R.K., Revathi R. and Nalini R. 1991. Effects of physical and chemical
mutagens on meiotic behaviour in barley and wheat. J. Indian Bot. Soc. 70: 113-
118.
Reddy V.R.K and Annadurai M. 1992. Cytological effects of mutagens in lentil
(Lens culinaris Medik). Cytologia. 57(2): 213-216.
Reddi T.V.V.S., Rao D.R.M. and Hari Babu M. 1999. Mode of bivalent formation
in desynaptic mutants of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Cytologia. 64: 253-258.
Reddy T.V.V.S. and Rao D.R.M. 2000. Cytology of induced desynaptic mutants in
rice. Cytologia. 65: 35-41.
Reddy V.R.K. 2001a. Mutation breeding in hexaploid triticales: Desirable mutants.
Adv. Plant Sci. 14(1): 255-257.
Reddy V.R.K. 2001b. Polygenic variability for various quantitative characters in
some cereal crops. Adv. Plant Sci. 14(2): 331-334.
Rehana A., Rabia S., Afzal M., Akthar S. 2004. Inter and Intra-specific variation in
SDS-PAGE of total seed protein in rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm. Pak. J.
Biol. Sci. 7: 139-143.
Rees H. and Dale P.J. 1974. Chiasma and variability in Lolium and Festuca
populations. Chromosoma. 47: 335-351.
Rekha K. and Langer A. 2007.Induction and assessment of morpho biochemical
mutants in Artemisia pallens Bess. Genet. Resourc. Crop Evol. 54: 437-443.
Ruben Rellan-Alvarez., Cristina Ortega- Villasante., Ana Alvarez- Fernandez.,
Francisa F. Del Campo. and Luis E. Hernandez. 2006. Stress responses on Zea
mays to cadmium and mercury. Plant Soil. 279: 41-50.
Sadanandam A. and Subhash K. 1985. Induced multiple aneuploid in Capsicum.
Cytologia. 50(1): 125-128.
Sadasivam S. and Manickam A. 2008. Biochemical Methods, New Age
International (P) Ltd., Publishers New Delhi, 3rd Edition.
R e f e r e n c e s |187
Sagade A.B. 2008. Genetic improvement of urdbean through mutation breeding, Ph.
D. Thesis, University of Pune. Pune; India.
Salam C.M. 1990. Mutational studies in certain varieties of vegetable crop.
Dissertation submitted for degree of Master of Philosophy in Botany, A.M.U.,
Aligarh.
Salim Khan, Fahad Al-Qurainy. 2009. Mutagenic effect of sodium azide on seed
germination of Eruca sativa (L.) Australian J. of Basic and Appl. Sci. 3(4): 3081-
3087.
Sandalio L.M., Dalurzo H.C., Gomez M., Romero-Puertas M.C. and Del Rio
L.A. 2001. Cadmium induced changes in the growth and oxidative metabolism of
pea plants. J. Exp. Bot. 52(364): 2115-2126.
Sanita di Toppi L. and Gabbrielli R. 1999. Response to cadmium in higher plants.
Environ. Exp. Bot. 41: 105-130.
Santhoslal P.S. and Pavithran K. 1997. Genetics of EMS induced recessive tall
mutation in rice. Indian J. Genet. 57(2): 210-213.
Savaskan C. 2002. The effects of gamma irradiation on the pollen size of Gossypium
hirsutum L. Turk. J. Bot. 26: 477-480.
Sarvari E., Caspar L., Foder F., Cseh E., Kropfl K., Varga A., Baron M. 2002.
Comparison of the effect of Pb treatment on thylakoid development in poplar and
cucumber plants. Acta Biol. Szeged. 46: 163-165.
Sato M. and Gaul H. 1967. Effect of ethyl methane sulphonate on the fertility of
barley. Radiat. Bot. 7: 7-15.
Satpute R.A. and Dhulgande G.S. 2010. Studies on protein content in prominent
Induced mutants of pea (Pisum sativum L.). Bioinfolet. 7(1): 64-65.
Satpute R.A. and Suradkar S.W. 2011. Effect of mutation on seed coat colour in
groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). J. Exp. Sci. 2(4). 24-25.
Sawan Z.M., Mohammad A.A., Sakar R.A. and Tarrad A.M. 2000. Effect of
Kinetin concentration and methods of application on seed germination, yield
components, yield and fibre properties of the Egyptian cotton. (Gossypium
barbadense ). Environ. Exp. Bot. 44: 59-68.
R e f e r e n c e s |188
Saxena K.B., Gupta, M.D. and Faris D.G. 1984. A non-flowering uniculm mutant
of Pigeonpea. Int: Pigeonpea News letter. 3: 11-12.
Saxena K.B. 2008. Genetic improvement of Pigeonpea- A Rev. Trop. Plant Biol.1:
159-178.
Schiemann E. 1912. Mutationen bei Aspergillus niger. Z. Ind. Abst. U. Verser Lehre
8: 1.
Sengupta K., Roy P.N. and Kaley N.K. 1986. Genotype-environmental interaction
in chick pea (Cicer arietinum L.). Indian Agric. 30(1): 63-66.
Seregin I.V. and Ivanov V.B. 2001. Physiological aspects of cadmium and lead toxic
effects on higher plants. Russian J. of Plant Physiol. 48: 523–544.
Shah T.M., Mirza J.I., Haq M.A., and Atta B.M. 2006. Induced genetic variability
in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) I. Frequency and spectrum of chlorophyll
mutations. Pakistan J. Bot. 38 (4): 1217-1226.
Shahab D. and Ansari M.Y.K. 2007. Effect of methyl methane sulphonate (MMS)
on seed germination and seedling growth of Solanum melongena L. Vegetos.
20(2): 19-21.
Shahab D., Jaiswal K. and Khan M. A. 2007. Effect of diethyl sulphate (DES) on
seed germination and seedling growth of Solanum melongena L. Indian J. App.
Pure Biol. 22(2): 227-229.
Shinde M.D. 2007. Assessment of variability in M3 lines of pigeonpea [Cajanus
cajan (L.) Millisp.]. M.P.K.V. Rahuri. M.Sc. Agri. Thesis. India.
Sharma N. and Anis M. 1995. Effect of MMS on seed germination and quantitative
characters in chili. Adv. Plant Sci. 8(1): 100-105.
Sharma S.K., Sood R. and Pandey D.P. 2005. Studies on mutagen sensitivity,
effectiveness and efficiency in urdbean [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]. Indian J.
Genet. Plant Breed. 65(1): 20-22.
Sharma P. and Dubey R.S. 2005. Lead toxicity in plants. Braz. J. Plant Physiol.
17(1): 35-52.
Sharma M., Khan A.H. and Bhat T.A. 2009. Assessment of mutagenicity of
individual and combined treatments of gamma rays and MMS in broad bean
(Vicia faba L.). Cytologia. 74 (2): 235-241.
R e f e r e n c e s |189
Sheidai M., Mehdigholi K., Ahmad G. and Attar F. 2006. Cytogenetic study of the
genus Cousinia (Asteraceae, section Serratuloideae) in Iran. Genet. Mol. Biol.
29(1): 117-121.
Sheidai M. and Elahe-Sadat Bagheri-Shabestarei. 2007. Cytomixis and unreduced
pollen formation in some Festuca L. species of Iran. Caryologia. 60(4): 364-371.
Sheidai M. and Dezfolian M. 2008. Cytogenetic and morpho-agronomic study of
some gamma irradiated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars. Cytologia.
73(1): 33-39.
Sheidai M., Habibi M., Azizian D. and Khatamsaz M. 2009. Cytology and
palynology of the Clematis L. Species (Ranunculaceae) in Iran. Acta Bot. Croat.
68(1): 67-77.
Shen S.Q., Li M., Guo Z.J., Ye H.X., Shu Q.Y., Wu D.X. and Bao J.S. 2008.
Rapid pyramiding of low phytic acid mutation and ferritin gene for improvement
of mineral nutritional quality of rice, International symposium on induced
mutations in plants. 12-15 August, FAO/IAEA, Vienna. Pp. 74.
Siddiqui S.A., Ansari M.Y.K. and Ahmad R. 1982. Effect of 2, 4-D on meiotic
chromosomes of Helianthus annuus L. Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr.129 (2): 91-94.
Siddiqui B.A., Khan S. and Khan M.I.A. 1988. Studies on chemo-mutagenesis in
Solanum melongena. J. Indian Bot. Soc. 5: 45-48.
Siddiqui B.A. 1989. Cytogenetical studies in Solanum melongena L. Recent Adv.
Genet. Cyto. genet. 20: 207-214.
Siddiqui B.A. 1993. NMU mutagenesis in polygenic traits of eggplant. J. Indian Bot.
Soc. 72: 77-79.
Siddiqui I. and Ansari M.Y.K. 2005. Studies on the genotoxic effect of pollution on
brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) growing around Harduaganj thermal power
plant. Natu. Environ. Pollu. Technol. 4(1): 13-17.
Siddiqui S., Meghvansi M.K. and Hasan Z. 2007. Cytogenetic changes induced by
sodium azide (NaN3) on Trigonella foenum-graecum L. seeds. S. African J. Bot.
73(4): 632-635.
R e f e r e n c e s |190
Siddiqui S., Meghvanshi M.K., Khan S.S. and Aali N.S. 2008. Mutagenic effect of
herbicide (maleic hydrazide) on seed germination and radical length on
Trigonella foenum graecum L. Indian. J. App. Pur Biol. 23: 103-106.
Sidhu M.C. 2008. Meiotic studies in the hybrids of wheat-rye additional lines and
wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties. J. Indian Bot. Soc. 87(1&2): 86-91.
Siedlecka A., Krupa Z. 1996. Interaction between cadmium and iron and its effects
on photosynthetic capacity of primary leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris. Plant
Physiol. Biochem. 34: 833-842.
Sigerbjornson B. and Micke A. 1969. Progress in mutation breeding. Induced
mutations in plants IAEA, Vienna: 673-697.
Singh K.B., Begiga G. and Malhotra R.S. 1990. Association of some characters
with seed yield in chick pea collection. Euphytica. 49(1): 83-88.
Singh U., Jambunathan R., Saxena K., Subrahmanyam N. 1990. Nutritional
quality evolution of newly developed high protein genotype of pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan). J. Sci. Food Agri. 50:201-209.
Singh V.P. and Yadav D.S. 1991. Induced mutations for qualitative and quantitative
traits in green gram [Vigna radiata L. Wilczek] cv. T 44. Indian J. Genet. 45: 1-6.
Singh R.H. and Raghuvanshi S.S. 1991. Bold seeded mutant in blackgram. Mut.
Breed. Newsletter. 38: 5-6.
Singh R.N. 1992. Chromosomal abnormalities and fertility in induced autotetraploid
Helianthus annuus in C1 and C2 generation. Cytologia. 57(2): 277-281.
Singh N.K., Chauhan S.V.S. and Kinoshita. 1993. Effect of physical and chemical
mutagens on seed germination and biomass in Brassica juncea. J. Indian Bot.
Soc. 72: 45-46.
Singh V.P., Singh M. and Pal J.P. 1999. Mutagenic effect of gamma rays and EMS
on frequency and spectrum of chlorophyll and macro-mutation in urdbean (Vigna
mungo (L) Hepper). India. J. Genet. 59(2): 203-210.
Singh G.R., Sareen P.K. and Sharan R.P. 1999. Clastogenic effect of gamma rays,
EMS and ECH in Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek. J. Cytol. Genet. 34: 21-23.
Singh V.P., Singh M. and Lal J.P. 2000. Gamma rays and EMS induced variability
for quantitative traits in urdbean (Vigna mungo L. Hepper). Indian J. Genet. Plant
R e f e r e n c e s |191
Breed. 60: 89-96.
Singh A.K. and Singh R.M. 2001. Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of gamma
rays, ethyl methane sulphonate and their combination in mungbean (Vigna
radiata L. Wilczek). Crop Improv. 28(2): 260-266.
Singh S., Singh J. and Singh R.K. 2001. Gamma ray, EMS and sodium azide
induced effectiveness and efficiency of chlorophyll mutations in basmati rice
(Oryza sativa L.). Crop Res. 22(1): 113-120.
Singh M.R. 2002. Cytogenetic studies of induced desynaptic mutants in barley
(Hordeum vulgare L.). Cytologia. 67(2): 129-133.
Singh M. and Kumar D. 2005. Mutants with high productivity induced in mothbean.
Indian J. Pulses Res. 18(2): 244-245.
Singh V.P., Srivastava K. and Singh S. 2005. Gamma ray and EMS induced
mutations in mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]. Crop Res. 29(3): 480-485.
Singh V.V. RamKrishna K. and Arya R.K. 2006. Induced chemical mutagenesis in
cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp. Indian. J. Genet. 66(4): 312-315.
Singh A.K. and Singh R.M. 2007.Gamma rays and EMS induced chlorophyll
mutations in mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]. Indian J. Crop Sci.
Sinha S.S.N. and Godward M.B.E. 1972. Radiation studies in Lens culinaris.
Meiosis: Abnormalities induced due to gamma radiation and its consequences.
Cytologia. 37(4): 685-695.
Singhal V. K and Kumar P. 2008. Impact of cytomixis on meiosis, pollen viability
and pollen size in wild populations of Himalayan poppy (Meconopsis aculeata
royle). J. Biosci. 33(3): 371-380.
Sinhal V.K. 2005. Phytotoxic, cytogenetic and biochemical effects of heavy metals
(Zn++& Pb++) in Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper. Ph.D. Thesis. M.J.P. Rohilkhand
University, Bareilly; India.
Sjodin J. 1970. Induced asynaptic mutants in Vicia faba L. Hereditas. 66: 215-232.
Skorzynska-Polit E., Baszynski T. 1997. Differences in the sensitivity of the
photosynthetic apparatus in Cd-stressed runner bean plants in relation to their
age. Plant Sci. 129: 21-28.
R e f e r e n c e s |192
Soehendi R., Chanprame S., Toojinde T. and Srinives P. 2006. Inheritance and
AFLP tagging of leaflet mutants in mungbean [Vigna radiata (L) Wilczek].
Kasetsart J. Nat. Sci.40: 566-572.
Solanki I.S. and Sharma B. 1994. Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of gamma
rays, ethylene imine and N-nitroso N-ethyl urea in macrosperma lentil (Lens
culinaris Medik). Indian J. Genet. Plant Breed. 54: 72-76.
Solanki I.S. and Sharma B. 1999. Induction and isolation of morphological
mutations in different mutagenic damage groups in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik).
Indian J. Genet. Plant. Breed. 59(4): 479-485.
Solanki I. S. and Sharma B. 2002. Induced polygenic variability in different groups
of mutagenic damage in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.). Indian J. Genet. & Plant
Breed. 62(2): 135-139.
Sparrow A.H., Cyany R.L. and Miksche J.P. 1961. Some factors affecting the
responses of plants to acute and chronic radiation exposure. Radiat. Bot. 1: 10-34.
Sree Ramulu K. 1972. Induced structural changes and meiotic aberrations in
Sorghum. Cytologia. 36(2): 229-236.
Srichamroen A., Ooraikul B., Vasanthan T., Chang P., Acharya S. and Basu T.
2005. Compositional differences among five fenugreek experimental lines and
the effect of seed fractionation on galactomannans extractability of a selected
line. Int. J. Food Sci. and Nutri.
Sri Devi A. and Mullainathan L. 2012. Effect of gamma rays and ethyl methane
sulphonate (EMS) in M3 generation of blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper).
African J. of Biotech.11 (15): 3548-3252.
Srinivasan S., Gaur P.M. and Rao B.V. 2008. Allelic relationship between
spontaneous and induced mutant genes for stem fasciation in chickpea. Plant
Breed. 127: 319-321.
Srivastava A. and Kapoor K. 2008. Seed yield is not impaired by chromosome
stickiness in sodium azide treated Trigonella foenum-graecum. Cytologia. 73(2):
115-121.
Srivastava A. and Singh V.P. 1996. Induced high yielding pigeonpea mutants. Mut.
Breed. Newsletter. 42: 8-9.
R e f e r e n c e s |193
Stadler L.J. 1928. Mutation in barley induced by x-rays and radium. Science. 68:
186-187.
Stamo I., Ylli A. and Dodbiba A. 2007. Induced mutations for improving production
on bread and durum wheat. AIP Conf. Proc. 899: 747.
Stayanova Z. and Doncheva S. 2002. The effect of zinc supply and succinate
treatment on plant growth and mineral uptake in pea plant. Braz. J. plant.
Physiol.14: 111-116.
Suboh S.M., Bilto Y.Y. and Aburjai T.A. 2004. Protective effects of selected
medicinal plants against protein degradation, lipid peroxidation and deformability
loss of oxidatively stressed human erythrocytes. Phytother. Res. 18 (4):280-284.
Subramanian D. 1980. Effect of gamma radiation in Vigna. Indin J. Genet. Plant
Breed. 40(1): 187-194.
Sudharani T. 1990. Genetical studies in induced mutants of Phaseolus mungo L.
Ph.D. Thesis. Osmania University, Hyderabad.
Sundaravadivelu K., Ranjithselvi P. and Reddy V.R.K. 2006. Induced genetic
variability in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) for yield and its components. Crop
Res. 32(3): 442-446.
Suss A. 1966. Effect of low doses of seed irradiation on plant growth. IAEA. Tech
Repser, 64: 1.
Swaminathan M.S., Magoon M.L. and Mehra K.L. 1954. A simple
propionocarmine PMCs smear for plant with small chromosomes. Indian. J.
Genet. Plant Breed. 14: 87-88.
Swaminathan M.S., Chopra V.L. and Bhaskaran S. 1962. Chromosomes
aberrations, frequency and spectrum of mutations induced by EMS in barley.
Indian J. Genet. Plant Breed. 22: 192-207.
Swaminathan M.S. 1966. Use of induced mutation. Indian farming. 34: 125-127.
Sybenga J. 1983. Genetic manipulation in plant breeding; somatic versus generative.
Theor. Appl. Genet. 66: 179-201.
Tabassum S. 2002. Studies on physical and chemical mutagenesis in Ammi majus L.
Ph.D Thesis, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh; India.
R e f e r e n c e s |194
Tahiliani P. and Kar A. 2003a. The combined effects of Trigonella and Allium
extracts in the regulation of hyperthyroidism in rats. Phytomedicine. 10(8): 665-
668.
Tahiliani P. and Kar A. 2003b. Mitigation of thyroxine-induced hyperglycaemia by
two plant extracts. Phytother. Res. 17(3): 294-296.
Tambe A.B. 2009. Induction of genetic variability in soybean [Glycine max L.)
Merrill.] for yield contributing traits. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Pune. India.
Tambe A.B. and Apparao B.J. 2009. Gamma- rays induced mutations in soybean
[Glycine max L.) Merill.] for yield contributing traits, Q.Y. Shu ed.) Induced
plant mutation in the genomic era food and agriculture organization of the United
Nations. Rome. Pp.105-106
Taranalli A.D. and Kuppast I.J. 1996. Study of wound healing activity of seeds of
Trigonella foenum-graecum in rats. Indian J. Pharm. Sci. 58(3): 117-119.
Tarar J.L. and Dnyansagar V.R. 1974. Effect of EMS on Turnera ulmifolia. T. Var.
anqustifolia Wild. Proc. 61st Ind. Sci. Cong. Pp. 67-71.
Tarar J.L. and Dnyansagar V.R. 1980. Effect of gamma rays and EMS on growth
and branching in Turnera ulmifolia Linn. J. Cytol. Genet. 14: 118-123.
Taschetto O.M. and Pagliarini M.S. 2004. Meiotic behaviour in tetraploid
populations of Pfaffia tuberose (Amaranthaceae). Acta Bot. Croat. 63(1): 17-24.
Temple P.J. 1990. Growth and yield responses of processing tomato (Lycopersicon
esculatum Mill.) cultivars to ozone. Environ. Exp. Bot. 30: 283-291.
Thakaran S., Salimuddin. and Baquer N.Z. 2003. Oral administration of
orthovandate and Trigonella foenum-graecum seed powder restore the activities
of mitochondrial enzymes in tissues of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Mol. Cell
Biochem. 247(1-2): 45-53.
Thilagavathi C. and Mullainathan L. 2009. Isolation of macromutants and mutagenic
effectiveness, efficiency in blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper). Global. J. of
Mol. Sci. 4(2): 76-79.
Thoday J.M. 1954. Radiation induced chromosome breakage deoxyribose nucleic
acid synthesis and meiotic cycle in root meristematic cells of Vicia faba L. New
Phytol. 53: 511-516.
R e f e r e n c e s |195
Thompson Coon J.S. and Ernst E. 2003. Herbs for serum cholesterol reduction: a
systematic view. J. Fam. Pract. 52(6): 468-78.
Tiran D. 2003. The use of fenugreek for breast feeding woman. Comp. Ther. Nurs.
Midwifery. 9(3): 155-156.
Tickoo J.L. and Chandra N. 1999. Mutagen induced variability in mungbean [Vigna
radiata L.) Wilczek]. Indian J. Gen. Plant Breeding. 59(2): 193-201.
Tomulescu I.M., Radoviciu E.M., Merca V.V., Tuduce A.D. 2004. Effect of
copper, zinc and lead and their combinations on the germination capacity of two
cereals. J. Agri. Sci. 15: 39-42.
Tripathi R. and Kumar G. 2010. Genetic loss through heavy metal induced
chromosomal stickiness in grasspea. Caryologia. 63(3): 223-228.
Umar G. and Singh V. 2003. Comparative analysis of meiotic abnormalities induced
by gamma rays and EMS in barley. J. Indian Bot. Soc. 82: 19-22.
Urbano G., Lopez-Jorado M. and Freznagel S. 2005. Nutritional assessment of row
and germinated pea (Pisum sativum L.) protein and carbohydrate by vitro and in
vitro techniques. Nutrition. 21: 230-239.
Usher G. 1974. A dictionary of plant used by man. Constable ISBN 0094579202.
Woodward.
Utsunomiya K.S., Bione N.C.P. and Pagliarini M.S. 2002. How many different
kinds of abnormalities could be found in unique endogamous maize plant.
Cytologia. 67(2): 169-176.
Vandana. and Dubey D.K. 1988. Effect of ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) and
diethyl sulphate (DES) on germination, growth, fertility and yield of Vicia faba
L. FABIS Newsletter. 20: 25-28.
Vandana. 1992. Studies on mutations induced by EMS and DES in faba bean. II.
Vital mutations affecting vegetative organs. FABIS Newsletter. 30: 3-6.
Vandana., Kumar S. and Dubey D.K. 1996. Meiotic anomalies induced by EMS
and DES in faba bean (Vicia faba). J. Indian Bot. Soc. 75: 237-240.
Vanniarajan C.P., Vivekanndan. and Ramalingam J. 1993. Spectrum and
frequency of chlorophyll and viable mutations in M2 generation of blackgram.
Crop Improv. 20(2): 215-218.
R e f e r e n c e s |196
Varshney R.A. and Siddiqui B.A. 1997. Effects of thiourea in M1 generation of
bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). J. Indian Bot. Soc. 76: 165-168.
Vasil chenko I.T. 1953. Bericht uber die arten der Gattung. Trigonella Trudy Bot.
Inst. Akad. Nauk. SSSR. L10.
Vats V., Yadav S.P. and Grover J.K. 2003. Effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum
on glycogen content of tissues and the key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism.
J. Ethanopharmocol. 28(53): 1-6.
Vassilev A., Iordanov I., Chakalova E. and Kerin V. 1995. Effect of cadmium
stress on growth and photosynthesis of young barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) plants
2. Structural and functional changes in the photosynthesis apparatus. Bulg. J.
Plant Physiol. 21(4): 12-21.
Vasu D. and Zia-Ul-Hasan. 2011. Comparison of induced chlorophyll mutations and
spectrum in two varieties of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. J. of Phytol. 3(3):
37-43.
VesselinaN., Galina A., Nasya T., Valentina P. 2006. Chemical mutagenesis in
head cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.): III Effect of ethyl methane
sulphonate on micro sporogenesis and pollen fertility. Selekcijai semenarstvo.
12(1-2): 89-93.
Venkatesan N., Devaraj S.N. and Devraj H. 2003. Increased binding of LDL and
VLDL to apo B, E receptors of hepatic plasma membrane of rats treated with
Fibranat. Eur. J. Nutr. 42(5): 262-271.
Venkateswarlu M., Rajam M.V. and Subhash K. 1988. Chromosome behaviour in
meiotic system of Catharanthus following gamma rays, EMS, HA alone and in
combination. Cytologia. 53(1): 139-145.
Verma R.P., Srivastava G.K. and Kumar G. 1999. Comparative radio cytological
studies in three varieties on Lens culinaris. J. Cytol. Genet. 34: 49-56.
Viccini L.F. and Carvalho C.R. 2002. Meiotic chromosomal variation resulting
from irradiation of pollen in maize. J. Appl. Genet. 43(4): 463-469.
Viswanathan P.V. and Reddy V.R.K. 1998. Induced desirable agronomical mutants
in wheat and Triticale. J. Indian Bot. Soc. 77: 67-69.
R e f e r e n c e s |197
Viswanathan P.V., Reddy V.K.R. and Asir R. 1994. Induced quantitative
variability in Triticale. J. Indian Bot. Soc. 73: 217-220.
Von R.G. 1954. Mutation induced by the action of metal ions in Pisum sativum.
Hereditas. 43: 644-650.
Waghmare V.N. and Mehra R.B. 2001. Induced chlorophyll mutations, mutagenic
effectiveness and efficiency in Lathyrus sativus L. Indian J. Genet. Plant Breed.
61(1): 53-56.
Wani M.R. and Khan S. 2005. Studies on induced chlorophyll mutations in
mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]. Indian J. App. Pure Biol. 20(1): 47-50.
Wani A.A. 2009. Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of gamma Rays, ethyl
methane sulphonate and their combination treatments in chickpea (Cicer
arietinum L.). Asian J. of Plant Sci. 8(4): 318-321.
Winder C. 1989. Reproductive and chromosomal effects of occupational exposure to
lead in the male. Reprod. Toxicol. 3: 221-223.
Woodward L., Burge P. 1982. Green Manures. Elm Farm Research Centre.
Yathaputanon C., Kumsueb B., Malipan A., Srisombun S. and Bunyarut J. 2009.
Protein content in high-protein soybean mutant in Thailand, Q.Y. Shu (ed.)
Induced plant mutation in the genomic era food and agriculture organization of
the United Nations, Rome, Pp. 195-196.
Yaqoob M. and Rashid A. 2001. Induced mutation studies in some mungbean
(Vigna radiate L.) Wilczek cultivars. Online J. Biol. Sci. 1: 805-808.
Yi H. and Meng Z. 2003. Genotoxicity of hydrated sulphur dioxide on root tips of
Allium sativum and Vicia faba. Mutat. Res. 537: 109-114.
Yucel E., Haptipoglu A., Sozen E. and Guner S. T. 2008. The effects of the lead
(PbCl2) on mitotic cell division of Anatolian black Pine (Pinus nigra sp. Palla
siana). Biol. Diversity and Conserv. Y2: 124-129.
Zeerak N.A. 1990. Induced morphological variants in brinjal (Solanum melongena).
Phytomorphology. 40: 251-256.
Zeerak N.A. 1992. Cytogenetical effects of gamma rays and ethyl methane
sulphonate in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum var. Cerasiforme).
Phytomorphology. 42: 81-86.
R e f e r e n c e s |198
Zeerak N.A. 1998. Some induced mutations of phylogenetic interest in Solanum
melongena. J. Indian Bot. Soc. 77: 253-254.
Zhang F., Wang Y., Lou Z., Dong J. 2007. Effect of heavy metal stress on
antioxidative enzymes and lipid peroxidation in leaves and roots of two
mangrove plant seedlings (Kandelia candel and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza).
Chemosphere. 67: 44-50.
Zhang P., Zhou Q. and Jiang-Haidong. 2007. Alleviate effect of exogenous
ascorbate acid on Cd stress of rape seedlings. Physiol. Plant. 136(4): 407-425.
Zhen-Qiao Song. and Xing-Feng Li. 2009. Cytomixis in pollen mother cells of
Salvia miltiorrhiza. Caryologia. 62(3): 213-219.
ZhouX., Shen S., Wu D., Sun J. and Shu Q. 2006. Introduction of a xantha mutation
for testing and increasing varietal purity in hybrid rice. Field Cr. Res. 96(1):
71-79.
Top Related