8/8/2019 Reference Writing in Research
1/16
1
How
ReferenceWorks?
Provided by
Muhammad ImranLecturer
DBA,FUUAST
H a r v a r d S y s t e m o f R e fH a r v a r d S y s t e m o f R e f e r e n c i n ge r e n c i n g
8/8/2019 Reference Writing in Research
2/16
2
Omitting makes it difficult for the readerto pursue any of the points in yourresearch work through further reading.
eference
1
1
2
2
Show the source of the; Idea Opinion or statisticsYou have incorporated in research work.
8/8/2019 Reference Writing in Research
3/16
3
Books
Journals
Newspaper Articles
Video Tape & Audio Tape
Personal Communication
Word Wide Web
Sources
Electronic Journals/Published Papers
8/8/2019 Reference Writing in Research
4/16
4
Books!Books!1. Author(s) surmane(s) and
initial(s)
2. Year of publication3. Title of book (it alics)
4. Edition
5. Name of Publisher
6. Place of Publication
Raymond A.Noe,John R.Hollenbeck,Barry G,Patrick M.Wright.2003,
Human Resource Management: Gaining A Competitive Advantage,
4th edition, McGraw-Hill Irwin,NewYork.
Example
8/8/2019 Reference Writing in Research
5/16
5
Year of
publication
Nameof Publisher
Author(s)surmane(s)and initial(s)
Titleof book
Place
ofPublication
8/8/2019 Reference Writing in Research
6/16
6
With respect to chapters in edited books always add(ed.)or (eds.) in the bibliography
Smith. 1996,The UK Software Industry, in Roland ,T.R, (ed),Industry Profiles,
Background Books,London,pp.1-10.
Smith. 1996,The UK Software Industry, in Roland ,T.R, (ed),Industry Profiles,
Background Books,London,pp.1-10.
Example
8/8/2019 Reference Writing in Research
7/16
7
Journals!1. Author(s) surmane(s) and initial(s)
2. Year of publication
3. Title of articles (in invertedcommas)
4. Title of Journal (it ali c)
5. Volume6. Number, part or issue (in brackets)
7. Page-to- page numbersExample
Sheth,J.N.,1992, Emerging Marketing Strategies in Changing Macroeconomics
Environment: A Commentary ,International Marketing Review,Vol.9(1),57-63.
Sheth,J.N.,1992, Emerging Marketing Strategies in Changing Macroeconomics
Environment: A Commentary ,International Marketing Review,Vol.9(1),57-63.
8/8/2019 Reference Writing in Research
8/16
8
Newspaper Articles!
1. Title of newspaper (italic)
2. Year of Publication
3. Title of article in inverted commas)
4. Author(s): surname (s) and initial(s) ifstated (in brackets)
5. Publication date (day, month)
6. Page
Example
The Sunday Times,2001, Banking on. upward mobility at Lloyds (Peston,R),28th
October,p.7
The Sunday Times,2001, Banking on. upward mobility at Lloyds (Peston,R),28th
October,p.7
8/8/2019 Reference Writing in Research
9/16
9
Video Tape & Audio Tape!1. Production company
2. Year of publication
3. Title of tape/artist (es) (italics)
4. Format
5. Serial number
6. Running time
7. Publisher
8. Place of publication
9. Any other relevant details
Thames Video,1984,Torvill & Dean-Path To Perfections,VHS:TVE9023142/Betamax:
9023144,52mins.Thorn-EMI Video Programmes Ltd.London.Issued February.
Thames Video,1984,Torvill & Dean-Path To Perfections,VHS:TVE9023142/Betamax:
9023144,52mins.Thorn-EMI Video Programmes Ltd.London.Issued February.
Example
8/8/2019 Reference Writing in Research
10/16
10
Personal Communication!
Try to use email address
Example
[email protected]; [email protected]@jinnah.edu.pk; [email protected]
8/8/2019 Reference Writing in Research
11/16
11
http://www/psychstat.sesu.edu/introbook/sbk03m.htm (Updated 23/12/96)
Stockburber,D W ,Introduction to Statistic:Concepts,Models and Applications.
http://www/psychstat.sesu.edu/introbook/sbk03m.htm (Updated 23/12/96)
Stockburber,D W ,Introduction to Statistic:Concepts,Models and Applications.
World Wed Web!(WWW)
www (Internet) pages : give
URL and date of page update,together with author/titledetails where possible.
Example
8/8/2019 Reference Writing in Research
12/16
12
Electronic journal/published
papers!1. Author (s)- surname (s) and
initial(s)
2. Title of article
3. Electronic address
4. Date
Example
Bruckman, A., Identity Workshop: Emergent Social and Psychological Phenomena
in Text-Based Virtual Reality , ftp from ftp.xerox.parc.com, April 1992.
Bruckman, A., Identity Workshop: Emergent Social and Psychological Phenomena
in Text-Based Virtual Reality , ftp from ftp.xerox.parc.com, April 1992.
8/8/2019 Reference Writing in Research
13/16
13
Citing the work or Views of
Others! Each reference is referred to by the
author's surname and date (year) insertedin parentheses within the text.
In case of more than one author
Example
It is the view of Clark (1991) that hotel marketing is second-rate and amateurish.It is the view of Clark (1991) that hotel marketing is second-rate and amateurish.
There have been a number of studies of women`s experiences as both
leisure participants and provider (Aitchison,1995,Deem,1996 ,green et al 1990,White,1988).
There have been a number of studies of women`s experiences as both
leisure participants and provider (Aitchison,1995,Deem,1996 ,green et al 1990,White,1988).
8/8/2019 Reference Writing in Research
14/16
14
There are more than two authors it is convention
to give the name of the first author followed byet al. which comes from the Latin et alia meaningand others.
If any particular author has published more thanone work in the same year then suffixes a, b,c, etc. are added as required-
Example (Jones ,1987a)
8/8/2019 Reference Writing in Research
15/16
15
Quotations!
All quotations must be clearly presented
with the page number to which the extractwas taken.
example: Baldachino stated, Regretfuly , the large majority of
tourism impact studies do not report positive
outcomes,(1997:17)
8/8/2019 Reference Writing in Research
16/16
16
Respect and Recognize the
intellectual property of others!
Finally
Top Related