Amino Acids There are 20 different kinds of amino acids that
can be arranged in many different sequences to make a chain called a polypeptide.
Ex:
What elements are amino acids made of?
ProteinsElements: Carbon (C) and Hydrogen (H),
Oxygen (O), AND Nitrogen (N)
Monomer: Amino Acids 20 different amino acids Ex: trytophan, lysine
Polymer: polypeptide
ProteinsFunctions:
Transport & movement ( bone, muscle, and hemoglobin)
Signaling (Hormones like insulin)Defense (antibodies)Enzymes - control reaction rates
Transport and Movementsome proteins are responsible for the
transportation of smaller molecules from one part of the body to another, transport across cell membranes, etc.,
Examples: Transport proteins in the cell membrane Hemoglobin which carries oxygen in our blood Microtubules which move organelles around
during cell division
SignalingSome hormones are proteins that serve as
chemical messengers, carrying signals from one part of the body to another.
Examples: Non-steroidal hormones like insulin that regulate
sugar levels in our body.
DefenseSome proteins act as a means of defense
against invading pathogensExamples
Antibodies which are produced by white blood cells in order to defend your body against invaders and disease
EnzymesSome proteins speed up reactions increase
your metabolism for stomach digestion, pancreas function, blood clotting and converting glycogen into glucose.Examples
Amylase-converts starches to simple sugars in saliva
DNA polymerase-aids in constructing DNA Luciferase-creates bioluminescence found in
lightning bugs, glowworms, and the jack-o-lantern fungi!
Remember: Shape Matters!Proteins are made of long sequences of
amino acids (monomers) that we call polypeptides (polymers)
Once these amino acids bond to form these chains, they then go on to take a 3-Dimensional shape
Protein DenaturationThis shape is extremely important to how the
proteins work and if it is disrupted or altered in any way, its function can change or not happen at all!
When a protein loses its ability to perform its function due to a change in shape, we say that the protein is denatured.
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