Types of SleepersWooden sleepers
Steel sleepers
Pre stressed concrete sleepers
Cast Iron Sleepers
Types of ballast
• Broken stone ballast
gravel
sand
Kanhar
Moorum
Ashes & Cinders
Fixtures and fastenings
• Fish plates
Bearing Plates
Spikes
Chairs
Bolts
Anticreeper
Rail joints• Square jointsExactly the joints are placed opposite to each
other
Staggered joint
Suspended Joint
Supported Joint
Bridge Joint
Coning of wheels
Cant Deficiency
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