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Machine Design & CAD - II GEAR DESIGN PROJECTMachine Design & CAD - II GEAR DESIGN PROJECT
GROUP MEMBERSKhalil Raza Bhatti 07ME40 GL Waqas Ali Tunio 07ME34 AGLAyaz Ali Soomro 07ME31 Waqar Ahmed Bhutto 07ME36Muhammad Farooque Pirzado 07ME56 Zain-ul-Abdin Qureshi 07ME57
Rack & Pinion Gear Design
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
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Contents
Introduction1
Design Methodology2
Design Consideration3
Design Calculation4
5 Conclusion
Project Objectives:
Understand rack and pinion gear mechanism.
Come up with an innovative solution for building that design as a standard one.
Determine the various forces that are meshed within gears.
In context of all the gear parameters referring to right selection of material for rack and as well as for pinion.
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Need
Need is to develop a system for closing and opening of railway crossing gate with rack and pinion mechanism.
In order to design that we will have to assume some data as shown:
Gate is to slide on a rail by rail and wheel mechanism. Sliding path is frictionless. Two rack and pinion gears are used to slide gate on rail as load
will uniformly be distributed mounted on its ends.
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Rack and Pinion Gear Design
Rack & Pinion Gear
A rack and pinion gears system is composed of two gears. The normal round gear is the pinion gear and the straight or flat gear is the rack. The rack has teeth cut into it and they mesh
with the teeth of the pinion gear. .
Rack
Pinion
Basic Mechanismwww.postointernational.tk
Rack and Pinion Gear Design
Rack & Pinion Gear contd.
Rack and pinion gears provide a greater feedback and steering sensation.
A well designed mechanism such as the rack and pinion gears save effort and time. .
Rack and Pinion Gear Design
Rack & Pinion Gear contd.
Rack and Pinion Gear Design
Designing Rack & Pinion Gear.
.
Engineering Design
Identify a Need
Preliminary Design
Conceptual Design
Final Design
Manufacture
Sales & Delivery
Designing Rack & Pinion Gear.
Rack & Pinion
Straight teethor
Spur Type
Rack & PinionTwo types
Rack and pinion gears are available in two variations
Helical teethor
Helical Type
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Design Requirements
Force
SpeedEffort
Max:Weight
Dimensions
Rack & Pinion
Basic Design Characteristic
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Preliminary Design
For spur gear design, pinion and rack both have straight teeth or spur geometry of teeth.
So for we will first consider the design of pinion as spur gear.
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Spur Gear Design and Selection
Objectives
• Calculate forces on teeth of spur gears, including impact forces associated with velocity and clearances.
• Determine allowable force on gear teeth, including the factors necessary due to angle of involute of tooth shape and materials selected for gears.
• Understand how lubrication can cushion the impact on gearing systems and cool them.
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Specifications for standard Gear Teeth
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Forces on Spur Gear Teeth
Ft = Transmitted forceFn = Normal force.Fr = Resultant forceθ = pressure angleFn = Ft tan θFr = Ft/Cos θ
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Forces on Spur Gear Teeth
Power, P; =
Torque,
Combining the above we can write:
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Surface Speed
Surface speed (Vm) is often referred to as pitch-line speed:
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Strength of Gear Teeth
Lewis form factor methodLewis equation
Fs = Allowable dynamic bending force (lb) Sn = Allowable stress. Use endurance limit and account for the
fillet as the stress concentration factor b = Face width (in.) Y = Lewis form factor (From Table) Pd = Diametral pitch
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Lewis form factors (Y)Table
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Classes of Gears
• Transmitted load depends on the accuracy of the gears
• Gear Manufacture
– Casting
– Machining
• Forming
• Hobbing
• Shaping and Planing
– Forming
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Force Transmitted
Transmitted load depends on the accuracy of the gears.
A dynamic load factor is added to take care of this.
• Ft = Transmitted force
• Fd = Dynamic force
• Commercial
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Classes of Gears
Carefully cut
Precision
Hobbed or shaved
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Expected error in tooth profileswww.postointernational.tk
Design Methods
• Strength of gear tooth should be greater than the dynamic force; Fs ≥ Fd
• You should also include the factor of safety, Nsf.
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Service Factorswww.postointernational.tk
Face width of Gears
Relation between the width of gears and the diametral pitch.
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Dynamic Beam Strength of the Gear
To increase the dynamic beam strength of the gear
– Increase tooth size by decreasing the diametral pitch
– Increase face width upto the pitch diameter of the pinion
– Select material of greater endurance limit
– Machine tooth profiles more precisely
– Use proper lubricant and reduce contamination
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Buckingham Method of Gear Design
• It offers greater flexibility.
• Expected error is based on different-pitch teeth.
• More conservative design.
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Wear strength (Buckingham)
Fw = tooth wear strength.Dp = diametral pitch of pinion.Dg = diametral pitch of gear.b = face width.Kg = load stress factor.
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Reference
www.gearmanufacture.comwww.rackandpinion.design.netwww.gearfactory.comwww.mechanicaldesign.comWikipedia searchMachine Design R.S. KhurmiHand book of mechanical engineering.
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Conclusion
So far we have been able to calculate the design of pinion only in the next phase of project we will be designing the rack.
Passed on fundamental knowledge of rack and pinion gear mechanism and it design procedure & finally selecting the right material for it.
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MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
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