Download - Quran and YOU

3

Izp¿B≥ Hcp kXym-t\z-jn-bpsS apº-n¬-


44

sN-dn-b-ap-≠w- A-_v-Zp¬- l-ao-Zv- aZ\n

Izp¿B≥

Hcp kXym-t\z-jn-bpsS apº-n¬-

NICHE PUBLICATIONSP.B No: 832, Poothole, Thrissur - 4.

≥◊G ÖdÉ£d ¿BGô≤dG


66

Cu- tem-IØn-s\m-cp- {kjv-Sm-hp-≠v ˛ Po-h≥-

\¬-In- hmbp-hpw- sh≈hpw- ku-Icy-s∏Sp-Øn- `q-an-

sb Po-hnX-tbmKy-am-°n-b ]caIm-cp-Wn-I\m-b {kjv-

Sm-hv- ˛ \mw- Chn--sS Fßs\ Po-hn-°Wsa∂pw- Cu-

Po-hn-XØn-s‚ ]cae-£yw- Fs¥∂pw- Zq-X∑m¿- ap-

tJ\ {kjv-Sm-hv- \sΩ ]Tn∏n--®p.- \Ωp-sS Po-hn-XØn-

s‚ IW°v- acW-tijw- \mw- {kjv-Sm-hn-s‚ ap-ºn¬-

t_m-[n-∏n-t°≠n-hcpw.- A∂v- ]p-Wyw- sNbv-Xh\v-

kz¿Khpw- ]m-]w- sNbv-Xh\v- \c-Ihpw- {]Xn-^ew- In-

´pw.- AXn-\m¬- {kjv-Sm-hv- Xs‚ Zq-Xcn-eq-sS \¬-In-b

\n¿-tZia\pkcn-®v- Po-hn-°p-Ibm-Wv- a\p-jy-s‚ c£m-

am¿-Kw.-

\Ωp-sS tem-I {kjv-Sm-hv- \¬-In-b \n¿-tZi kw-

ln-XbmWv- Izp¿-B≥.- ap-lΩZv- \_nbn-eq-sS Ah≥-

B ktμiw- a\p-jy¿-s°Øn-®p-sIm-Sp-Øp.- CXdn-

™-hcpw- Adn-bm-Øhcpw- \ap-°n-Sbn¬- D≠v.- tem-

Isc ap-gp-h≥- {kjv-Sm-hn-s‚ ktμiadn-bn-°¬- AXdn-

™hcp-sS _m-[y-Xbm-Wv.- AXn\m-bn- cq-]o-Ir-Xam-

b Hcp- {]kv-Ym-\am-Wv- \n-®v- Hm-^v- {SqØv.

A√m-lpth,- \ns‚ kXyaX ktμi {]N-c-

W-Øn\p th≠n-bp≈ Cu Ffnb {iaw Rß-fn¬

\n∂v kzoI-cn-t°-W-ta, Zp¿_-e-amb RßfpsS Ic-

ßƒ°v \o i‡n ]I-tc-W-ta.... (Bao≥).

amt\-P¿

7



88

hnip≤ Izp¿B\ns\∏‰n hmbn°pItbm tIƒ-°pI-

tbm sN-øm-Øh¿ hfsc Npcpßpw. hninjym, AXns\

A\p-Iq-en®pw {]XnIqen®pw [mcmfw {]kwKßƒ \S-

°p-∂, teJ\-ßfpw {KŸßfpw {]kn≤oI-cn°-s∏-

Sp∂ Cu ImeL´-Øn¬. hnip≤ Izp¿B\ns‚ khn-

ti-jXIƒ hniZambn {Kln-°m≥, AXns‚ {]am-Wn-

IXsb]‰n ]q¿Wambn a\ n-em-°m≥ _rlZv{KŸ-

ß-fpsS klmbw thWw.

A\yq\ambn, APøambn, bpK∏I¿®Iƒ°v hg-

ßm-sX a\pjya\xkm£nsb sXm´p-W¿-Øn-s°m-≠v

\ne-\n¬°p∂ GIssZhnI{KŸsa∂ \nebn¬

apkvenw P\tImSnIƒ AXns\ hnizkn®mZcn°p∂p.

PohnX{]amWambn AwKo-I-cn-°p∂p. apkvenw-If-√m-

Ø ]e {]K¬` ]WvUnX∑mcpw hnip≤- Izp¿B≥

]T\hnt[bam°pIbpw hnh¿Ø\ßfpw hymJym-

\ß-fpw cNn°pIbpw sNbvXn´p≠v. Km\v[nPnbpw hn-

t\m-_bpw a‰pw Zm¿i\nIaqeyap≈ alm{KŸsa∂

\ne-bn¬ hnip≤ Izp¿B \ns‚ ]Zhn AwKoIcn®-

hcn¬-s]-Sp∂p. At\Iw Hmdnb‚ enkv‰pIƒ hnhn[

bq-tdm]y≥ ̀ mjIfnte°v hnip≤Izp¿B≥ ̀ mjm-¥c-

s∏Sp-Ønbn´p≠v. Nne¿ Izp¿Bs\bpw Ckveman-s\-

Izp¿B≥

Hcp kXym-t\z-jn-bpsS apº-n¬-

9


bpw ]‰n I\s∏´ IrXnIƒ cNn®n´pap≠v.

]t£, AapkvenwIfn¬ _lp`qcn`mKhpw hnip≤-

Izp¿B-\ns\ Hcp apkvenw]pcmW{KŸw F∂ \ne-

bn -¬ am{Xw t\m°n °mWp∂hcmWv. Hmtcm

P\Xbv°pw kz¥ambn sF-Xn-ly-ßfpw ]pcmWßfpw

D≈Xpt]mse apkvenwIƒ°pw H∂p≠v. AXh¿ ]qPn-

®v Bcm[n®psIm≈s´, \ap°Xn¬ Imcysam∂p an√

F∂ \n wKXm]q¿Wamb \ne]mSmWv ]ecpw

sh®p]pe¿Øp∂Xv. P\ßƒ k¶pNnXamb kmapZm-

bnIXzØns‚ sh≈w IS°mØ AdIfn¬

H‰s∏´pIgnbp∂ taJeIfn¬ Cu \n wKXbpw

DZmko-\`mhhpw hfcp∂p. Nnet∏mgXv AhKW\bpw

Ah⁄-bpw-hsc FØp∂p.

F∂m¬ ]IzaXnIfpw kXymt\zjnIfpamb Hcp

\yq\-]£w k¶pNnX ho£WßfpsS apJmhcWw

\o°n {]hnimeamb taJeIfnte°v kXyw tXSn

]pds∏Smdp≠v. ]t£, Ckvemans\]‰n At\zjn°p∂

klrZbcpsS Iøn¬ Nnet∏mƒ am{Xta kXyk-\v[-

amb {KŸßƒ FØns∏Smdp≈q. ]et∏mgpw

B[nImcnI⁄m\an√mØ apkvenw FgpØpIm¿

IpØn-°q´nb A_≤kwlnXItfm Zpjv{]NmcIcmb

FXncmfnIfpsS Zpcp]ZnjvSIrXnItfm Bbncn°pw

Ah¿°v hmbn°m≥ In´p∂Xv. CXv Ahcn¬ Ckvem-

ant\mSv hnapJX hf¿Øp∂psh¶n¬ Ahsc ]gn®n-

´pImcyan√.

Ckvemans\]‰n a\ nem°m≥ B{Kln°p∂


1010

aebmfnIƒ°v hnip≤Izp¿B\ns\]‰n {lkzsa-

¶nepw ka{Kamb Hcp hnhcWw \¬IpI F∂Xs{X

Cu eLpIrXnbpsS e£yw.

hnip≤ Izp¿B≥ Ncn{XØn¬

KXImekw`hßfpsS km[pX Xocpam\n°p-

∂Xn¬ Ncn{XØn\v henb ]¶mWv \n¿hln°m-

\p≈Xv. thZ{K-Ÿ-ßsf Ncn{XZrjvSym ]cntim[n°p-

tºmƒ Ahbn¬ JWvUn-Xamb Ncn{XtcJIfpsS

]n≥_eap≈Xv hnip≤-Izp¿-B-\n∂v am{XamsW∂v

ImWmhp∂XmWv. Imew AhyIvX-XbpsS Icn\ng¬

hogvØnb ImcWØm¬ ]e aXmNmcy-∑mcpsS

PohnXØnepw Ncn{XtcJIfpsS ]n≥_eans√∂v

h∂ncn°p∂p. DZmlcWambn tamsi, tbip,

{ioIrjvW≥ XpSßnbhsc FSp°mw. blqZ¿

hnizkn°p∂p, tamsi-bmWv temIw I≠ amXrIm-

tbmKy\mb BNmcys\∂v. ss{I-kvXh¿ hnizkn-

°p∂p, Hmtcm a\pjy\pw BZn]m]-Øn-¬\n∂v tam-

N\w e`n°p∂Xv tbip{InkvXphns‚ Ipcnip -

acWØneqsSbmsW∂v. F√m \∑bpsSbpw iIvXn-

bpsSbpw t{kmX mbn sslμh¿ {ioIrjvWs\

ImWp∂p. F∂m¬ tamsitbm, tbipthm IrjvW-

t\m Pohn ®nt´ Cs√∂pw Chscms° BcpsStbm

`mh\bn¬ cq]w ]q≠ CXnlmkIYm]m{Xßƒ

am{Xam-sW∂pw Ncn{XØns‚ t]cn¬ hmZn°p∂

bpIvXnhmZnIsf t\cnSm≥ B[nImcnI Ncn{X-tcJ-

Ifn-√msX IpgßpIbmWv C∂-v blqZcpw ss{IkvX-

11


hcpw sslμhcpsa√mw. apkvenw-Isf kw_\v[n®n-

StØmfw tamsi (aqkm \_n)-sb∏-‰nbpw tbip

(Cukm \_n) sh-∏‰nbpw hnip≤- Izp-¿-B-≥

]Tn∏n°p∂ Imcyßƒ Ah¿ hnizkn°p∂p. hnip≤

Izp¿-B≥ Hcp Ncn{XhkvXpXbpw aplΩZv \_n Hcp

Ncn{X-]pcp-j-\pamsW∂ ImcyØn¬ Hcp bpIvXn-

hmZnbpw CXphsc X¿°n®n´n√. X¿°n°m≥ \ymb-

hpan√. ImcWw, Ncn{X-Øn-s‚ KthjWw \SØnbn-

cp -∂n√. Imhyßƒ cNn°pItbm IhnXbn¬

Xm¬]cyw {]I-Sn-∏n-°pItbm sNbvXncp∂n√ At±lw.

sNdp∏Øn¬ BSvta -b v -°epw buh\Øn¬

hym]mchpambncp∂p At±-lØns‚ sXmgn¬.

\m¬]Xmw hb n¬ At±lØn\v GIm¥[ym-

\Øn¬ Xm¬]cyw tXm∂pIbpw AXn\mbn At±lw

a°bnse Hcp Kpl sXcs™Sp°pIbpw sNbvXp.

AhnsSsh®mWv At±lØn\v Pn{_o¬ F∂ amemJ

aptJ\ BZysØ ssZhnI ktμiw e`n®Xv. XnI®pw

BIkvanIambmWv Cu A\p`hap≠mbXv. \_n°v

Xs∂ Aºc∏pw \Sp°hpw kr-jvSn® Cu kw`hw

At±lØns‚ PohnXØnse am{X-a -√, temI

Ncn{XØnse Xs∂ Hcp hgnØncnhmbncp∂p. at\m-

hn-{`m¥nbpsStbm ambnI{`aßf-psStbm Hcp temI-

Øn-te-°√ Cu kw`hw At±lsØ \bn®Xv.

temIØn\msI Hcp am¿KZ¿i\w \¬IpI:

{]kwKØn¬ am{Xa√ {]tbmK-Øn-epw ssZhln-X-

Øn\v km£yw hln°pI F∂ ZuXy-Øn-s‚

hnPbIcamb \n¿hlWØnte°v AXv At±l-


1212

Øns‚ PohnXsØ sXmSpØphn´p . XpS¿∂v

Ccp]Ønaq∂v h¿jØn\nSbn¬ At\Iw XhW

At±lØn\v ssZhn-I-k-tμiw e`n®psIm≠ncp∂p.

hnizmkI¿a-cwKßfnse ssZhnI\n¿tZ-ißƒ

{Iam\pKXambn At±lØn\v tIƒ∏n°s∏´p. Hmtcm

XhWbpw tIƒ∏n°s∏Sp∂ ktμiw At±lw

P\ßsf tIƒ∏n®p. Nne¿ hnizkn®p. ]ecpw \ntj-

[n®p. Hmtcm kμ¿`Ønepw e`n°p∂ ssZhnI ktμ-

ißf{Xbpw At±lhpw A\pbmbnIfpw Bh¿Øn-

®m-h¿Øn®v ]mcmbWw sNbvXv a\ nepd∏n®p.

]ecpw AXv tcJs∏SpØnsh°pIbpw sNbvXp. hmKv

hnNmcI¿a -ßsf XZSnÿm\Øn¬ Ah¿

hm¿sØSpØp.

\_n CltemIhmkw shSnbp∂Xn\v apºv Xs∂

A[ymbßfpw hN\ßfpw C∂v \nehnep≈

{IaØn¬ ]mcmbWw sNbvXpsIm≠v hnip≤ {KŸ-

Øns‚ t{ImUoIrX cq]hpw IqSn ssZhnI \n¿tZ-

i{]Imcw temIsØ Adnbn®ncp∂p. ]t£, Izp¿B-

\ns‚ apgph≥ ̀ mKßfpw H∂n®v H‰ hmeyambn FgpXn

tcJs∏Sp-Ønbn´p≠mbncp∂n√. \_n ]mcmbWw

sNbvXv tIƒ∏n°-p∂ ktμi-ßsf√mw bYm-kabw

]e A\pbmbnIfpw FgpXmhp∂ hkvXp-°fnt∑¬

(XpI¬, I√v , F√v apXembh) FgpXnsh-

°mdp≠mbncp∂p. IWniambn lrZnÿam°nbhcpsS

kwJy hfsc IqSpXep ≠mbncp∂p. \_nbpsS

hntbmKØn\v tijw XmaknbmsX Xs∂ tcJIƒ

HØp-t\m°nbpw a\x]mTam°nbhscs°m≠v ]cntim-

13


[n∏n®pw hnip≤ Izp¿B≥ enJnXßfpsS B[nImcn-

Iamb t{ImUoIcWw \_n bpsS ]n≥Kmanbmb

H∂mw Jeo^ A_q_°dns‚ I¬]\{]Imcw

sskZv _n≥ km_nØv F∂ klm_n {]apJs‚

t\XrXzØn¬ \S∂p. Aßs\ hnip≤ Izp¿B≥

C∂v ImWp∂ {IaØnepw cq]Ønepap≈ H‰ hmeyam-

bnØo¿∂p. aq∂mw Jeo^ Dkvam≥ AXns‚

]I¿∏pIƒ FSp∏n®v Ckveman -I-cmjv{SØns‚

{]hniym Xeÿm-\ßfn-te-s°-√mw Ab®p- sImSp-

Øp. CXns‚ {]XnIƒ C∂pw e`yamWv. C∂v temI-

ØpS-\ofw ]mcmbWw sNøs∏Sp∂ tImSn°W-°n\v

hnip≤ Izp¿B≥ tIm∏nIƒ B {]mNo\ ]I¿∏p-Ifp-

ambn Hc£cØn\pt]mepw hyXymkan√m-ØXs{X.

apkvenwIƒ FgpXnb Ncn{Xw am{Xa√, hnhn[

aX°mcpw aXhncp≤cpw FgpXnb Ncn{X{KŸ-ßƒ

t]mepw \_n bpsSbpw hnip≤ Izp¿Bs‚-bpw

Ncn{X ]cX AwKoIcn°p∂p≠v.

a‰v thZßfpsSbpw ]pcmWßfpsSbpw Ncn{X-

]camb ASnØd ]cntim[n°ptºmƒ Cu hkvXpX

IqSp-X-¬ kv]jv SamIpw. ss__nƒ ]pXnb \nbaw

tbip-{InkvXphns‚ hN\ßfmsW∂Xn\v Ncn{X-

tcJIfpsS ]n≥_eans√∂v ss__nƒ Ncn{X-Imc-

∑m¿ Xs∂ kΩXn®n´p≈XmWv. Ncn{X-tcJ-IfpsS

ASnÿm\Øn¬ B[nImcnIX ÿm]n°mhp∂

]pcmtW Xnlmkßtfm thtZm]\nj-Øp-Itfm

Cs√∂ hkvXpX C¥ymNcn{XsØ∏‰n kmam\y-[mc-


1414

Wbp-≈h¿s°√mw Adnbmhp∂Xs{X.

khntijXIƒ

C\n \ap°v hnip≤ Izp¿B\ns‚ khntijXIƒ

Fs¥ms°sb∂v s]mXpsh ]cntim[n°mw. kq£va-

hni-I-e\w Hcp eLp{KŸØns‚ ]cn[nbn¬ HXpßp-

∂-Xs√-¶nepw Hcp {KŸsØ∏‰n ]Tn°m\p≈

icnbmb Hcp am¿Kw AXns\ a‰v {KŸßfpambn

XmcXay-s∏SpØpIbs{X. BZyw Ad_n`mjbnep≈

{KŸ-ßƒ, AhbpsS D≈-S°-hpw ssienbpambn

hnip≤ Izp¿B\ns‚ D≈S°hpw ssien-bpambn

XmcXayw sNømw.

aplΩZv \_n °v apºp≈ Ad_nkmlnXyw

apJyambpw IhnXIfpw tPymXvky∑mcpsS KZyIhnX-

Ifpambncp∂p. ss{IkvXhcpsSbpw blqZcpsSbpw

aX{KŸßfnepw GXm\pw cmPimk\Ifnepw

HXpßn \n¬°pIbmbncp∂p A∂sØ KZykm-

lnXyw. IhnXIfpsS D≈S°w aZyw, ImapIn, ]S°p-

Xnc, H´Iw XpSßnbhsb]‰nbp≈ h¿W-\tbm, Ihn-

tbm IhnbpsS tKm{Xtam \SØnb hoc]cm-{Ia-ßfp-

sS Im¬]\nIX Ie¿Ønb hnhcWtam Bbncn°pw.

ImapInbpsS th¿]mSns\ ]‰nbp≈ hnem]tØm-sSbm-

bncn°pw an° Imhyßf-pw Bcw`n°p∂Xv. A∂sØ

{]kwKIcpsS hnjbßfpw hn`n∂ambncp∂n√.

ss__nƒ ]gb \nbaØns‚ hniZoIcWØn¬

Ihn™ aX-km-ln-Xy-ßƒ A∂v D≠mbncp∂n√.

B kmlNcyØnemWv aplΩZv \_n°pw At±-

15


lØneqsS apgph≥ temIØn\pw A√mlphns‚

hN\-ßƒ tIƒ∏n°s∏Sp∂Xv.

]caImcpWnI\pw IcpWm\n[nbpamb A√mlp-

hns‚ \maØn¬

""krjvSnI¿Ømhmb Xm¶fpsS \mYs‚ \maØn¬

HmXpI. a\pjys\ Ah≥ Hcp {`qWØn¬\n∂v

krjvSn®p. HmXpI, Xm¶fpsS \mY≥ G‰hpw

DZmc\mIp∂p. t]\-sIm-≠v ]Tn∏n®h\mb \mY≥.

a\pjy\v Adn™pIqSmØXv Ah≥ ]Tn∏n®p''(Izp¿-

B≥ 96:1˛5).

]caImcpWnI\mb ssZhØns‚ t]cn¬

Bcw`n°p∂ Hcp kmlnXycq]hpw Atd_yt°m

Ad_nIƒt°m ]cnNnXambncp∂n√. IcpØ\pw A[n-

]\pambn hfcp∂ a\pjys‚ {`qWmh-ÿ-bn¬-

\n∂p≈ Ffnb XpS°-sØ-∏‰n Nn¥n∏n°p∂ KZy]Zy-

ßf-pw Ad_nIƒ tI´n´p≠m-bncp-∂n√. t]\bpsS

klmbtØmsS \S°p∂ teJ\-hnZybmWv F√m

ssh-⁄m-\nI- hnImkßƒ°pw imkv{X]p-tcmK-Xn-

°pw hgnsbmcp°p∂ A\p{Klsa∂v Ad_nItfmSv

a‰m-cpw ]d™ncp∂n√. k¿th-m]cn Ad_n`mjbn¬

F°m-eØpw hf¿∂ph∂ F√m kmlnXy-ssienI-

fn-¬\n∂pw `n∂amb hnip≤ Izp¿B\ns‚ `mjm-

ssien Ad_nIƒ°v Xo¿Øpw A]cnNnXambncp∂p.

AtXm-sSm∏w AXns‚ LS\m-sshin-jvSy-hpw cq]-

kuIpamcyhpw BibKmw`ocyhpw A∂sØ Ad_n

kmlnXykmcYnIsf AXv`pXkvX_v[cm°pIbpw


1616

sNbvXp.

Ad_nIƒ°nSbn¬ hf¿∂ \nc£c\pw

A\`ykvX hnZy\pw kmXznI\pamb aplΩZv F∂

hyIvXn \m¬]Xmw hb -n¬ XnI®pw Akm[mc-W-

amb Hcp kmlnXyIrXn cNn®psh∂pw AXv kz¥-

sa∂v AhImis∏SmsX ssZhØn-¶¬-\n∂v e`n®Xm-

sW∂v I≈w ]d™psh∂pw hmZn-°p-∂Xv bmsXmcp

\ymbo-IcWhpw A¿ln°p∂n√. ImcWw Xmsg-°nSbn-

ep≈ Hcp kmlnXyIrXn cNn°p∂ Bƒ-t]m-epw Xs‚

cN\bn¬ A`nam\w sIm≈pIbmWv sNøpI. bm-sXm-

cp almkmlnXyImc\pw \mfnXphsc kz¥w IrXn

as‰mcmƒ FgpXnbXmsW∂v ]d™v Hgn™n´n√.

Poh≥ A]ISØnemIpsa∂v `bs∏Sptºmg√msX.

F∂m¬ aplΩZv \_n°v AØcsamcp kml-Ncy-

ap≠mbncp∂n√. Izp¿B≥ kz¥w IrXnbmsW¶n¬

AXv Xpd∂p]d™m¬ Ad_nIƒ At±lsØ _lp-

aXnIƒ sIm≠v s]mXn-bp-am-bncp∂p. Hcp tKm{XØn¬

Hcp kmlnXyImc≥ hf¿∂p-h∂m-¬ tKm{XamsI A`n-

am\w sIm≈p∂ Imeambncp∂p AXv. F∂m-¬ ssZh-

Øns‚ hN\w B \nebn¬ Xs∂ temI-Øn-s‚

apºm-sI sh°phm\mbncp∂p At±lw I¬]n-°-s∏-

´ncp-∂Xv. AXns‚ t]cn¬ {Iqcamb ]cnlmkßfpw

]oU-\ßfpw At±lØn\v t\cntS≠nh∂p. AsX√mw

AhK-Wn®psIm≠v At±lw ZnhyZuXyw \ndth‰n.

Ad_v t\Xm-°ƒ At±lsØ \n»-_vZ\m°m≥

{ian®p. ]cmPbs∏´t∏mƒ Atd_y≥ hnizmk-

]mcºcyßƒ-°\p-cq]-ambn Izp¿B\n¬ t`ZKXnIƒ

17


hcp-Øm≥ At±ltØmSv Bhiys∏´p. AXn\v

ssZhnIamb {]XnIcWw C{]Im-cam-bncp∂p.

""\ΩpsS kv]jvSamb ZrjvSm¥ßƒ ]mcmbWw

sNbvXv tIƒ∏n°s∏´t∏mƒ \mapambp≈ kamKaw

B{Kln°m-Ø-h¿ ]d™p: \o thsdmcp Izp¿B≥

sIm≠-phcq As√¶n¬ CXn-¬ t`ZKXnIƒ hcpØq

F∂v. Xm¶ƒ ]dbq: F\n°v kz-¥w hIbmbn CXn¬

am‰w hcpØm-s\m-°p-Ibn√. F\n-°v \¬Is∏Sp∂

ktμisØ A\p[mh\w sNøpI am{Xam-Wv Rm≥

sNøp∂Xv. Xo¿®bmbpw Rm≥ `bs∏Sp∂p; F-s‚

\mYs\. Rm≥ [n°cn°pI-bmsW¶n¬ `b¶camb

Hcp ZnhksØ in£ Rm≥ A\p`hnt°-≠n-hcp-

sa∂v. Xm¶ƒ ]dbq: A√mlp-hns‚ lnXw adn®m-

bncps∂¶n¬ Rm\nXv \nßsf hmbn®v tIƒ∏n-

°n√mbncp∂p. Ah≥ \nß-sf CXv Adnbn-°p-Ibp-

an√mbncp∂p. Rm≥ \nßƒ°nSbn¬ CXn-\v apºv

At\I-h¿jw {]hmNIXzw hmZn°msX, ssZ-hn-I

ktμiw tIƒ∏n-°m-sX Ign®pIq´nbn´p≠t√m. \nß-

sf-¥m Nn¥n°m ØXv? ssZhØns‚ t]cn¬ I≈w

sI´n -® -a°pItbm, ssZhn IZr -j- vS -m¥ßsf

X≈n∏dbpItbm sNb-vX-hs\°mƒ henb A{Ia-

Imcn Bcp≠v? Ip‰hmfnIƒ hnPbw {]m]n°pIbn√,

Xo¿®''(Izp¿-B≥ 10:15˛17).

Atd_y≥ PohnXsØbmsI Iogvta¬adn® Izp¿-

B\nI PohnXZ¿i\w Izp¿B\ns‚ Aam\pjnIX

sIm-≠pw AXn-s‚ ktμihmlI\mb aplΩZv

\_nbpsS hyIvXn-Xz Øns‚ AXpeyX sIm≠pw


1818

am{XamWv kmh[m\-Øn-se¶nepw ]IzaXnIfmb

]escbpw BI¿jn®Xv. A_q-_-°¿ At±lam-bncp-

∂p aplΩZob {]hmNIXzhpw Izp¿B-\ns‚ ssZhnI-

Xbpw AwKoIcn® BZysØ ]pcpj≥˛ ho´p-ap‰ Øncp-

∂v Izp¿B≥ ]mcmbWw sNøptºmƒ AXv tIƒ-°m-

≥ At\Iw t]¿ k∂nlnXcmIpambncp∂p. Ahcn¬

]e-cpw Izp¿B\n¬ BIrjvScmbn CkvemwaXam-

t«jn®p. CXv A_q_°dnt\mSv Ad_n {]amWnam-

¿°v ISpØ Cu¿-jy tXm∂m≥ ImcWambn.

F∂m¬ ]pØ≥aXØns‚ _≤sshcnIfmbncp∂

Atd-_y≥ bmYmÿnXnI∑m¿°v t]mepw hnip≤-Izp¿-

B-\n-s‚ amkvacnI{]`mhw I≠ns√∂v \Sn°m≥

Ign™n√. heoZp_v\papKod F∂ Jpssdin{]am-

WnbpsS Imcyw CXn\v sXfnhmWv. Abmƒ Hcn°¬

\_nbpsS ASpØpsN∂p. \_n Abmsf

GXm\pw Izp¿B≥ hN\ßƒ tIƒ∏n®p. Abmƒ°Xv

lrZyambn A\p`hs∏´t]mse tXm∂n. Cu hnhcw

as‰mcp {]amWnbmb A_qPl¬ tI´p. Abmƒ°Xv

ckn-®n√. A_qPl¬ heoZns‚ ASpØpsN∂n´v

]d™p: ""Fs‚ ]nXrhym, Xm¶ƒ aplΩZns‚

ASpØp-sN∂v AbmfpsS hm°pIƒ°v hiwhZ\m-

ImsX Ign°msa¶n¬ Xm¶fpsS \m´pIm¿ Xm¶ƒ°v

]Ww tiJcn®pXcm≥t]mepw Xb-mdmWv''. heoZv

{]XnhNn®p: ""Jpssdiv tKm{XØn\dn -bm--at√m

Rm\mWv Ahcn¬ G‰hpw kº∂s\∂v''.- A_q-P-

l¬ ]d™p: ""AXp sIm≠mbn√. Xm¶ƒ Hcp

{]kvXmh\ \S -ØWw. aplΩZns\ Xm¶ƒ

19


shdp°p∂psh∂v AXn-¬-\n∂v hyIvXamhWw''. heo-

Zns‚ {]XnIcWw Cßs\bm-bn-cp∂p ""Rms\¥mWv

]dbpI? ssZhsØbmWv! IhnX-bpsS Ahm¥c

hn`mKßsf∏‰n Fs∂°mƒ Adnbmhp∂ B-cpw

\nßfpsS Iq´Ønen√. ssZhsØbmWv! aplΩZv

]dbp∂Xv Cu Iq´Ønsem∂pw s]´X√. ssZh

sØbmWv! Ah\o ]dbp∂ hm°n\v a[pcnabp≠v.

tamSnbp≠v. AXv ASn apX¬ apSnhsc kp-^eamWv.

kar≤amWv. AXv Dbcpw. AXns\ adnIS°m\mhn√.

AXn\v Xmsgbp≈Xns\sbms° AXv X´nØ-

I¿°pw''. A_qPl¬ ]d™p: ""aplΩZns\ hna¿-

in®p-sIm≠v {]kvXmh\ \SØmsX \m´pIm¿°v

Xm¶sf-∏‰n Xr]vXnhcpIbn√''. heoZv BtemNn°m≥

A¬]w kabw tNmZn®p. A\¥cw Abmƒ {]Jym-

]\w \SØn: ""CsXmcp PmehnZyam{XamIp∂p''. heoZn-

s‚ Cu Ahkc hmZw hnip≤ Izp¿B≥ 74˛mw

A[ymbØn¬ sXmenbpcn®p ImWn®n´p≠v.

Jeo^ Da¿ Ckvemw aXw Bt«jn® kw`hw

Ncn{X {]kn≤amWv. \_n sb h[n°phm≥ th≠n

hmfp-ta¥n ]pds∏´ Dadn\v hgnat[y hnip≤ Izp¿B-

\ns‚ GXm\pw `mKßƒ tIƒ°m\nSbmbtXmsS

am\km¥cap≠m-IpI-bm-Wv sNbvXXv.

aplΩZv \_nbpsSbpw A\pNc∑mcpsSbpw

PohnX--Øn-s‚ hnhn[ apJßtfmSpw kapNnXambn

kwhZn-°p∂ Xm-bncp∂p Hmtcm kμ¿`Ønepw

ssZhØn¶¬\n∂v AhX-cn∏n-°s∏´ hN\ßƒ.

{]Xnk\v[nbpsS Hmtcm L´Ønepw ssZ-hnI ktμiw


2020

Ahsc ]cnlmcØnte°v \bn®p. kwib-Øn-s‚

thfIfn¬ AXh¿°v kp\nivNnX [mcWIƒ \¬-

In. AKv\n]co£Iƒ°v apºn¬ AXh¿°v

BXvahocyw ]I-¿-∂p. AhcpsS PohnX ho£WØn\v

AXv A¿Y-hpw {]kIvXnbpw ssIhcpØn. \mKcn-

IXIfpsS Db¿®-XmgvN-Isf ]‰nbp≈ ]mTßfneqsS

AXh¿°v km¿hImenI km¿h-euInI [mcW

\¬In. tkzNvOm[n]XnIfpsS ]X\-Øn-s‚bpw

kmXznI∑mcpsS sFXnlmknI hnPb-ßfp-sSbpw

ZrjvSm¥ßfneqsS AXhcn¬ BXvat_m[hpw

DXvI¿-tjNvObpw hf¿Øn.

Izp¿B≥ krjvSn® AXv`pXw

Izp¿B\n∂v apºpw Izp¿B\n∂v ]nºpap≈

Atd_y≥ P\Xsb∏‰n hkvXp\njvTamb Hcp

\nco£Ww \SØnbm¬ Ncn{XØn¬ XpeyXbn√mØ

]cnh¿Ø\amWv Izp¿B≥ Dfhm°nbXv F∂v \ap°v

t_m[ys∏Spw. hnip≤Izp¿B≥ AhXcn®v

XpSßptºmƒ AYhm Izp¿B\nse BZyhN\w

hmbn®v tIƒ∏n°s∏Sptºmƒ Ad_nIfpsS \ne

AXy¥w timN\obambncp∂p. kmºØnIambn H´pw

`{Zambncp∂n√ AhcpsS \ne. IsÆØmØ

aW¬∏c∏n\nS°v A]q¿h-ambn Xg®p\n¬°p∂

acp∏®Iƒ sIm®ptKm{X-ßƒ°p-t]mepw kmºØnI

kzbw]cym]vXX \¬Ipambncp∂n√. hym]mcku-

Icyßƒ AwKpeo]cnanXamb ]´Wßfnep-≈-h¿°v

am{Xsa kpÿnXn \¬Inbncp∂p≈q. Imem-hÿ-

21


bpsS {]mXnIqeyw \nanØw ÿnchmktam \nbXamb

Irjnk{ºZmbtam {]mIrXAd_nIƒ°v hn[n°s∏ -́

Xmbncp-∂n√. hnZym`ymkw, NnInXvk, kmt¶XnI-

hnZyIƒ XpSßnb cwKßfnsems° ]qPyw Un{Knbn¬

Xs∂-bmbn-cp∂p Ah¿. cmjv{Sobamtbm ssk\nI-

amtbm Ah¿ kwL-Sn-Xcmbncp∂n√. Hmtcm tKm{X-

tØbpw kmaqlyambn DtØ-Pn∏n®ncp∂ iIvXn Xß-

fpsS ]nXm°fpw {]]nXm°fpw \SØnb hoc]cm-

{IaßfpsS tImcnØcn∏n°p∂ IYIfmbncp∂p. B

IYIƒ tI´v hf¿∂ ]pXnb Xeapdbv°v

i{XptKm{Xßfpambn G‰pap´phm≥ ]dbØ-°-Im-

cWsam∂pw thWsa∂n√mbncp∂p. AhcpsS aXßƒ

A_≤PSneamb A\v[hnizmkßfnepw BXvamhv

\jvSs∏´ BNmcßfnepw HXpßn\n∂p. B Ahÿ

i{Xp°ƒ \∂mbn NqjWw sNbvXp. FtXym]ybpw

t]¿jybpw tdma°mcpsa√mw hnhn[ Ad_v -

taJeIfpsS ta¬ {]Xy£amtbm ]tcm£amtbm

B[n]Xyw Dd∏n®ncp∂p.

C\n Cu ImeL´Øn¬ a‰v tZißfpsSbpw cmjv{S-

ßfp-sSbpw ÿnXn t\m°mw.

imkv{Xw, Z¿i\w, Ncn{Xw XpSßnb hnjbßfn¬

temI-Øn\v Xs∂ t\XrXzw \¬Im≥ am{Xw hf¿∂-

hcm -bncp∂p A∂-sØ {Ko°pIm¿. A∂sØ

AeIvkm≥{Unb (Cu-Pn-]vXv) Gjy\m{^n°≥-

taJebnse G‰hpw henb kmw-kv°m-cnItI{μ-ambn-

cp∂p. \q‰m≠pIfpsS cmjv{So-b-\mbIXzw am{Xa√

A∂-sØ tdma≥ km{am-Py-Øn-\p≠mbncp∂Xv.


2222

imkv{X kmt¶XnI cwKßfnepw tdma°m¿ AXnIm-

b∑m¿ Xs∂bmbncp∂p. Zm¿i\nI∑mcpsSbpw aXm-

Nmcy -∑mcpsSbpw \mSmbn cp∂ t]¿jy

cmjv{SobcwKØv tdman∂v kaio¿jambncp∂p. A∂-

sØ C¥y°m¿ KWnXimkv{X, X¿°imkv{X

cwKßfnepw, aXZm¿i\nI taJeIfnepw Hu∂Xyw

{]m]n®hcmbncp∂p.

F∂n´v Izp¿B≥ F¥mWv sNbvXXv? h\v[yhpw

Dujchpamb acp`qanbpsS a°sf kwkv°mcßsf

sh√p∂ Hcp ]pXnb kwkvImcØns‚ hmlI∑m-

cm°n. tKm{X-Ie-l-ßfn¬ XΩn¬ X√nXI¿∂ncp∂

Hcp P\Xsb GIssZhØns‚ GI a\ p≈

Zmk∑mcm°n am‰n-sb-Sp-Øp. `qXt{]XmZnIsf am{X

a√, {]amWnIsfbpw t]m°ncnIsfbpw t]mepw

`b∂pNqfp hm≥ hn[n°s∏´ Hcp ]oVnXh¿KsØ

km{amPyßsf {]I º\w sIm≈n°p∂ tPXm°fmbn

Db¿Øn. Nn´bpw N´ßfpan√mØ Ad_v Pohn-XØn\v

bpKm¥cßƒ°n∏pdhpw i_fna \jvS-s∏-Sm-Ø Hcp

\nbahyhÿ \¬In. ]m]˛]pWyßsf ]‰ntbm [¿a-

˛A[¿a-ßsf∏‰ntbm [mcWbn√mØ PohnXm

kIvXnbm¬ am{Xw \bn°s∏´ncp∂ Hcp P\Xsb

AXv Xmfw sX‰msX [¿a-\njvTamb PohnX]mXbn-

te°v \bn®p. GI ssZh hnizmkØn¬ A[njvTnX-

amb Izp¿B-\n-I-PohnXZ¿i\Øn\v Hcp P\Xsb

alXzØns‚ F{X am{Xw D∂Xamb inJcßfnte°v

\bn°m≥ Ignbpsa∂v temIw A∂v I≠p.

{]mIrXmhÿbn¬\n∂v hnip≤ Izp¿B≥

23


hf¿ØnsbSpØ Atd_y≥ aWemcWyØns‚

DujcXbn¬\n∂v aplΩZv \_n hm¿sØSpØ

ssZh-Øm¬ Iq´nbnW°s∏´ B P\hn`mKØns‚

B¿Phhpw BXvahocyhpw I≠v Aºc∂v \n¬°mt\

tdma≥ bh\ t]¿jy-≥ `mcXob \mKcnIXIfpsS

\mbI∑m¿°v A∂v Ign-™p≈q. hnip≤ Izp¿B-

\ns‚ ssZhnIX AwKoIcn-°m-≥ aSnbp≈ Ncn{X-

Imc∑m¿t]mepw Ggmw \q‰m≠n¬ kmwkvI-mcnI-

kmaqly cmjv{Sob cwKßfn emsI hnkvabm-hlhpw

sFXnlmknIhpamb apt∂‰w \SØnb Ad_n-IfpsS

ap-∂n¬ angn®p\n∂n´p≠v. aplΩZv \_n sb ]‰n

]pe-`yw ]dbm≥ aSn°mØ F®v.Pn. sh¬kv F∂

Ncn{XImc-≥-t]mepw Izp¿B\ns‚ A\pbmbnIƒ

A∂v \S -Ønb Ncn{XØn¬ XpeyXbn√mØ

ssP{Xbm{Xsb∏‰n hnkvab-]q¿h-w ]cma¿in°m≥

\n¿_\v[Xn-\mbn´p≠v.

Izp¿B≥ F¥psIm≠v AXpeyw?

ssh⁄m\nI hnkvt^mS\w F∂v hnfn°s∏Sp∂

{]Xn`mkw temIØv AXv`pXßƒ hncnbn®psIm≠n-

cn-°p∂ Cu ImeØv Ggmw \q‰m≠nse Hcp Ad_n

{KŸØns‚ AXpeyXsb∏‰n ]dbp∂Xv Nne¿°v

]cnlmkyambn tXm∂ntb°mw. s\mt_¬ kΩm\w

t\Snb kmlnXyIrXn-IfpsSbpw imkv{Xkn≤m-

¥ßfp-sSbpw apºn¬ Hcp aX-{KŸ--Øns‚ {]kIvXn

]mtS \ntj[n°p∂-hcp≠m-tb-°mw.

F∂m¬ e£WbpIvXamb Hcp {KŸ-sØ∏-‰n-


2424

bp≈ ssZhn Ihn`mh\bpsS ASnÿm\Øn¬ hnip≤

Izp¿B\ns‚ AbeØv \n¬°m≥ tbmKyamb Hcp

IrXnt]mepw B[p\nI bpKØn¬ shfn®w I≠n-

ńs√∂v kq£va hniIe\Øn¬ hyIvXamIpw. Hcp

{KŸw e£WbpIvXamIm≥ F¥v thWw?

""B {KŸw, AXn¬ kwiban√. [¿a-\njvT¿°v

AXv am¿K Z¿iIas{X'' (Izp¿-B≥ 2:1)

PohnXØns‚ t\¿°v c≠pXcw ho£mKXnIƒ

sh®p ]pe¿Øp∂hcp≠v. H∂v, P¥pklPamb

hy{KXtbmsS PohnX kpJßƒ hmcn°q´phm≥

{ian°p∂h¿. G‰hpw BkzmZyamb Blmc

]m\obßfpw {ihy˛Zriy at\mlmcnXIfpw ssewKnI

tNjvSIfpambncn°pw AhcpsS PohnX ho£W-

Øn¬ anI®p \n¬°p∂Xv. kz¥w Xm¬]cy -

Øn\pXIp∂Xmbn tXm∂p∂ sX√mw Ah¿°v bp-IvX-

ambncn°pw. c≠v, AXncpw FXncpan√m Ø Pohn-

XXrjvW A]ISØntet° \bn°pIbp≈qsh∂pw

PohnXw [m¿anIXbpsS N´°qń¬ {IaoIcns®¶nte

alXzw ssIhcn°m\mIq F∂pw a\ nem°nbh¿.

H∂masØ hn`mKsØ \bn°p∂Xv £WnI hnImc-

ßfpw Xm¬°menI em`Nn¥bpamsW¶n¬ c≠mw

hn`m-K-sØ \bn°p∂Xv hnthIhpw Zo¿LZr-jvSnbp-

ambncn°pw.

hnthIimenIfmb Cu hn`mKw Ft∏mgpw [¿a-

Øns‚ shfn®w tXSp∂hcmbncn°pw. Ccpń¬\n∂v

shfn®Øn-te -°v F∂Xmbncn°pw AhcpsS

ap{ZmhmIyw. CØc°m¿°v hgn Im´m≥ km[n°p∂Xv

25


F∂v \n tμlw AhImi-s∏-Sp∂ {KŸw GXp≠v?

CXmWv {]iv\w. hnip≤ Izp¿B≥ AhImis∏Sp∂p:

a\pjycpsS hmKvhnNmcI¿a-ßƒ A[¿a-Ønte°v

hyXnNen°ptºmƒ Ahsc hos≠SpØv [¿aØns‚

shfn®Ønte°v B\bn°m≥ AXn\v km[n°psa∂vv.-

thsd GXv {KŸØn\v Cßs\ AhImis∏Sm\m-

Ipw? aX Zm¿i\nIhnjbßfnepw imkv{X kmln-

Xyhn`mK-ßfn-ep-ambn tImSm\ptImSn {KŸßƒ

hnhn[ `mjIfnembn temIØps≠∂Xv icnbmWv.

Ahsbms° BfpIƒ°v Adnhpw A\p`qXnIfpw

]I¿∂psImSp°p∂pap≠v. F∂m¬ Adnhnt\°mfpw

A\p`qXntb°mfpw D∂Xamb k∑m¿K- Nn¥

\¬Ip∂Xn¬ Ahbv°v F{Xam{Xw ka{KXbpw

kºq¿WXbpw AhImis∏Sm\mIpw? ss__nfpw

KoXbpw sk¥v AshkvXbpw a‰pw aX {KŸßsf∂

\nebn¬ Cu cwKØv NnesXms° sNøp∂p≠v.

F∂m¬ ssZhnI-Zo]vXnbpambn a\pjya\ ns\ kZm

_\v[n∏n®psIm≠v PohnXsØ Baqem{Kw

kwkvIcn°phm\p≈ ka{Kamb \nba\n¿tZ-ißƒ

Ah Dƒs°m≈p∂ns√∂v kcfamb XmcXayw

sIm≠pXs∂ kv]jvSamIpw.

Izp¿B≥ tIhew Nne ]qPm{Iaßfpw {]m¿Y-\m

k¶o¿Ø \ßfpw ASßp∂ {KŸa√. a\pjy PohnX-

sØ {Kkn°mhp ∂ F√m Xn∑Isf∏‰nbpw hyIvX-

amb Xm°oXv AXn¬ ASßnbn´p≠v. Ip‰hmfnIsf

ImØncn°p∂ ssZhnI in£bpw, Ip‰ IrXyßƒ°v

`cWIqSw \¬tI≠ `uXnI in£bpw hnip≤


2626

Izp¿B≥ hnhcn°p∂p. CS]mSpIƒ hnizkvXXtbmsS

\SØphm\p≈ [m¿anI am¿KZ¿i\hpw ]WanS-

]mSpIfn¬ I£nIƒ XΩn¬ X¿°ßƒ DXv`hn-

°mXncn°p∂Xn\pth≠ {]mtbmKnI \n¿tZ-ißfpw

Hcpt]mse Izp¿B≥ Dƒs°m≈p∂p. hnhmlw kpZr-

-Vamb Icm¿ F∂ \nebn¬ ImØpkq£n °m\p≈

[m¿antIm¬t_m[\hpw IpSpw_hg°pIƒ cayambn

]d™pXo¿°p∂Xn\p≈ {]mtbmKnI \S]Sn -

{Iaßfpw Izp¿B\n¬ ImWmw. Bcm[\m{Iaßsf

bm{¥n -Iamb A\pjvTm\ßfmbn´√ hnip≤

Izp¿B≥ AhXcn-∏n°p∂Xv. PohnXsØ kzNvOhpw

\n¿aehpw Ah{I-hpambn \ne\n¿Øm≥ klm-bn-°p-

∂ [m¿anI {]tNmZt\m-]m[nIsf∂ \ne-bnemWv \a-

kv-Imcw ({]m¿Y-\) k°mXv (\n¿-_\v[ Zm\w), {hXw,

lPvPv (a°bnte°p≈ Xo¿-YmS\w) F∂o Imcyßsf

Izp¿B≥ AhXcn∏n°p∂Xv. hnImc-hnNmcßsf

ip≤am°mØ, kzm¿Y-w \o°mØ, tkh\a\ÿnXn

hf¿ØmØ bm{¥nIamb \akvI-mcw ({]m-¿Y-\) \mi-

Øn-t\ DXIq F∂v Izp¿B≥ Xm°oXv \¬-Ip∂p.

ssewKnI AcmPIXz-Øns\Xncn¬ am{Xa√, A]-hmZ-

{]NmcWØn-s\Xncnepw kz`mhlXys°Xncnepw IqSn

kacw {]Jym-]n®p-sIm≠v D≈pw ]pdhpw Hcpt]mse-

ip≤amb kaqlØns‚ krjvSn°v Bhiyamb

D]m[nIƒ Izp¿B≥ hc®pIm´p∂p.

ùXnIhpw AùXnIhpw

ùXnI{]]©Øn¬ a\pjy≥ Is≠Øp∂

P¥p°ƒ-t°m kkyßƒt°m \n¿÷-oh ]Zm¿Y-

27


ßƒt°m sX‰v sNøm-≥ Ignbn√. h©n°m\mhn√.

I≈w ]dbm≥ km[n-°n√. A[¿aw {]h¿Øn°m≥

Ahbvs°m∂pw kzmX-{¥y-an√. Hmtcm∂pw AhbpsS

[¿a-w bYmhn[n \n¿h-ln°p∂p. a\p-jy≥ CXn¬

\ns∂√mw hyXykvX\s{X! kzX{¥amb Nn¥,

kzX{¥amb hm°v, kzX{¥amb {]h¿Ø\w: AXs{X

Ah-s‚ khntijX. ùXnItemIØv a\pjy\v

am{Xw e`n-® Cu kzmX{¥y sØ∏‰n Ah≥ icnbmw-

hÆw Nn¥n-®m-¬ Ahs‚ AkvXnXz]camb _m[yX-

Iƒ Ah\v Is≠Øm\mIpw. {]IrXym A[¿a-w

{]h¿Øn°m≥ kzmX-{¥y-an√mØ krjvSnIƒ°v

{]tXyI am¿KZ¿i\Øns‚ Bh-iy-an√. AYhm

AhbpsS {]IrXntbmsSm∏w AhbpsS am¿Khpw

\n¿Wbn°s∏ńcn°p∂p. A[¿a-w {]h¿Øn°m≥

kzmX{¥yap≈ a\pjy\v am¿KZ¿i\w thWw. ̀ uXnI-

⁄m\w t\¿hgn ImWn°m≥ ]cym]vXamhn√.

hnhml-amtWm hy`nNmcamtWm a\pjy [¿asa∂v

ùXnIimkv{Xw ]Tn∏n°p∂n√. \oXntbm A\o-

Xntbm, kXytam AkXytam, Imcp-Wy-tam {IqcXtbm

GXmWv [¿asa∂v ùXnIambn sXfnbn -°pI

km[ya√. ùXnI {]]©sØ∏‰n ]Tn°m≥ ssZhw

a\pjy\v \¬Inb IgnhpIƒ Izp¿B≥ Nnt¥m±o-

]Iamw-hn[w Nq≠n°m´p∂p≠v. a\\w, hN-\w,

teJ\w F∂o am\hnI IgnhpIsf ssZhØns‚

Aaqey-amb A\p-{K-lßsf∂ \nebn¬ Izp¿B≥

AhXcn∏n°pIbpw B IgnhpIƒ Zm\w sNbvXXn\v

{kjvSmhnt\mSv \μn {]ISn∏n°m≥ Blzm\w sNøp-


2828

Ibpw sNøp∂p.

F∂m¬ kXyhpw AkXyhpw hnthNn®dntb≠

\n¿Wmb IcwKßfn¬ AùXnI tI{μßfn¬\n∂v,

{]]©\mY\n¬ \n∂v am¿KZ¿i\w e`ns®¶ne√msX

a\pjy\v t\¿hgn Is≠Øm\mhn√. ImemIme-ß-

fn¬ hnhn[ tZißfn¬ \nbpIvXcmb {]hmNI-

∑mcneqsS A√mlp a\pjy¿°v AùXnI-amb

am¿KZ¿i\w \¬In. B am¿KZ¿i\w kzoIcn®h¿°v

AhcpsS PohnXsØ hnip≤ambn ImØpkq£n°m≥

km[n®p. kz¥w Adnhn¬ Al¶cn®h¿°v A[¿-

aßfneqsS A[x]Xn°m\mbncp∂p hn[n. [mcmfw

Ncn{X-kw`hßfpsSbpw PohnXZrjvSm-¥ßfp-sSbpw

shfn®Øn¬ Izp¿B≥ Cu hkvXpX ka¿Y-n°p∂p.

am¿KZ¿i\w {]tbmP\s∏SWsa¶n¬ Izp¿B≥

Nq≠n°mWn°p∂ A\nhmcy D]m[n a\pjy≥

ssK_n¬- (AùXnI kXyßfn¬) hnizkn-°W-

sa∂p≈XmWv. a\p-jy\v kz¥w ⁄m\Øn¬ aXn∏p-

≠mIWsa∂v Xs∂-bmWv Izp¿B≥ ]Tn∏n-°p-∂Xv.

AtXmsSm∏w k¿h-⁄-\m-b ssZhØns‚ BXy-¥n-

I⁄m\Øns‚ k¿thm∂X-ÿm-\hpw a\pjy≥

AwKoIcn°Ww. {XnIme⁄m\nbmb ssZhØn\v

am{Xsa sX‰v]‰mØ am¿K-\n¿tZ-iw \¬-Im≥

A¿lXbpw AhImihpw D≈qsh∂XmWv Izp¿-B-

\n-s‚ \ne]mSvv.

""BZan\v Ah≥ "t]cp'Isf√mw ]Tn∏n®p'' (Izp¿-

B≥ 2:31).-

29


""a\pjys\ Ah≥ krjvSn®p. Ah∂v Bib-

{]Imi\w ]Tn∏n®p'' (Izp¿-B≥ 55:3,4).

""t]\ sIm≠v ]Tn∏n®h≥, a\pjy\v Adn™p-

IqSmØXv Ah≥ ]Tn∏n®p'' (Izp¿-B≥ 96:4,5).-

""\nßƒ Hcp Imcyw shdptØ°mw. bYm¿Y-Øn¬

AXv \nßƒ°v KpWIcambncn°pw. \nßƒ Hcp

Imcyw CjvSs∏ t´°mw. bYm¿Y-Øn¬ AXv \nßƒ-

°v tZmjIcamtb°mw. A√mlp Adnbp∂p. \nßƒ

Adnbp∂n√'' (Izp¿-B≥ 2:216).-

""Xm¶ƒ ]dbq, BXvamhv Fs‚ \mYs‚ ImcyØn-

¬-s]-´-XmIp∂p. ⁄m\Øn¬ \n∂v A¬]w am{Xsa

\n-ß-ƒ°v \¬I-s∏´n´p≈q'' (Izp¿-B≥ 17:85).

""\nßƒ°v Fs‚ am¿KZ¿i\w hs∂Øptºmƒ

B am¿-K-Z¿i\w ]n¥pScp∂Xmtcm Ah¿°v bmsXm-

cp `bhp-an√. Ah¿ ZpxJnt°≠nhcnIbpan√'' (Izp¿-

B≥ 2:38).-

C∂v temIØn\v t\cn´ G‰hpw henb Zpc¥w ̀ u-

XnI ⁄m-\Øn\v am{Xw AwKoImcw \¬IpIbpw

a\p-jys\ t\¿--hgnbnte°v \bn°p∂ ssZhnI-ktμi-

sØ AK-Wy-tImSn-bn¬ X≈pIbpw sNbvXXmsW∂v

h¿Øam\Ime kw`hßƒ kq£vaambn \nco£n-

°p∂h¿°v hyIvXamIpw.

Ncn{Xw Izp¿B\n¬

hnip≤ Izp¿B≥ Hcp Ncn{X{KŸa√. F∂m¬ a\p-

jy cminsb Ccp´pIfn¬\n∂v shfn®Ønte°v sIm-


3030

≠phcm≥ th≠n AhXcn∏n°s∏´ Hcp {KŸØn\v

`qX-Ime-Ncn{X-sØ AhKWn®psIm≠v `mhnsb∏‰n

]dbm\mhn√. ]q¿h-Ime-{]hmNI∑mcpsS {]t_m-

[\Øns‚bpw {]hmNI-∑m-cpsS {]XntbmKnIfpsS

{]XnIcWßfpsSbpw Ncn{X-Øn-¬-\n∂v ]mTapƒ-s°m-

≈m≥ klmbn°pIsb∂XmWv Izp¿B-\nse

Ncn{XIY\Øns‚ e£yw.

Izp¿B≥ AhXcn∏n°s∏-S-p∂ ImesØ Ncn{X-

sa∂m¬ kXy-sØ°mƒ AkXyØn\v ap≥Xq°ap≈

CXnlm-kß-fmbncp∂p. Ad_n°YItfmfans√¶nepw

AanXh¿W-\-Ifp-sSbpw AXnitbmIvXnIfpsSbpw

Ie¿∏v [mcmfw tN¿∂Xv Xs∂bmbncp∂p ss__nƒ

IYIfpw. F∂m¬ hnip≤ Izp¿-B\ns‚ Ncn{X-

hnhcWw CXn¬\n∂pw XnI®pw hyXykvX-amWv.

AXn¬ B[p\nI-Ncn{Xho£Ww sh®pt\m°nbm¬

sX‰msW∂v sXfnbn°mhp∂ Imcyßsfm∂pw

Xs∂bn√. {]]t©m¬]Ønsb ]‰nbpw a\ptjym-

¬]Ønsb]‰nbpw ss__nƒ ]gb \nbaØnep≈

Ahnizk\obamb ]cma¿-i-ßsfm∂pw hnip≤

Izp¿B\n¬ Cs√∂Imcyw {]kvXm-hyamIp∂p.

ss__nfpw X¬aqZpw a‰pw ]mcmbWw sNbvXn´v

AXn-s‚ shfn®Øn¬ aplΩZv \_n kz¥ambn

hncNn®-XmWv hnip≤ Izp¿B≥ F∂ hna¿iIcpsS

hmZØn\v iIvXamb adp]Sn IqSnbmWv Izp¿B-

\nsebpw ss__nfnsebpw Ncn{X-]camb ]cma¿-

ißƒ XΩnep≈ auenIamb A¥cw.

D-Zm-l-c-W-am-bn,- Rm-b¿- ap-X¬- sh-≈n-Iq-Sn-b- B-dv-

31


Zn-h-k-ß-fn-em-bn- ssZ-hw- {]-]-©-kr-jv-Sn- \-S-Øn-b- ti-

jw- G-gmw- Znhkw- tPm-en-bn¬-\n-∂v- \n-hr-Ø\m-bn- hn{i-

an-®p-sh-∂pw- A∂m-Wv- i-∫-Øv- F-∂p-am-Wv- D¬-]-Øn-

]p-kv-X-I-Øn¬- (ss_-_nƒ- ]-g-b- \n-b-aw) -tc-J-s∏-Sp-

Øn-bn-´p-≈-Xv.- F-∂m¬- hn-ip-≤- Izp¿B-\n¬- {]-]-©-

sØ- B-dv- "bu-ap'-I-fn-em-°n- krjv-Sn-®p-sh-∂v- am{X-sa-

]-d-™n-́ p-≈q- (Izp¿B≥- 7:-54,- 10:-3,- 11:-7,-25:-59,- 32:-4,- 50:-

38,- 57:-4)- "buw'- F-∂m¬- B-gv-N-bn-se- H-cp- Zn-h-k-a-√,-

A-Xn-Zo¿-L-am-b- Hcp- Im-e-b-f-hm-sW-∂pw- Izp¿B≥- hy-

Iv-X-am-°n-bn-́ p-≠v.- {]-]©-sØ- kr-jv-Sn-®n-́ v- ssZ-hw- £o-

Wn-°p-∂- {]-iv-\-ta-bn-s√-∂pw- (AXp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂- hn-

{i-a-Øn-s‚ {]-iv-\-hp-an-√)- Izp¿B≥- kv-]-jvS-am-°n-bn-

´p-≠v (Izp¿B≥- 46:-33).-

{]-hm-N-I-\m-b- eq-Øn- (tem-Øv)-s\-∏-‰n- ss_-_nƒ-

]-cm-a-¿in-°p-∂-Xv- H-cp-{]-hm-N-I-s‚ a-l-Xz-Øn-t\m- km-

[m-c-W-°m-c-s‚- k-`y-X-bv-t°m- \n-c-°m-Ø- hn-[-Øn-em-

Wv.- Izp¿B≥- A-t±-l-sØ- hn-ti-jn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv- ssew-

Kn-Ik-Zm-Nm-c-Øn-s‚ {]-t_m-[-I-\m-bn-́ m-Wv.- b-Av-Iq-_v-

\-_n- (bm-t°m-_v-)-sb- ss_-_nƒ- Nn-{Xo-Icn-°p-∂-

Xv- ssZ-h-hp-am-bn- Kp-kv-Xn- \-S-Øn-b- ho-c-]-cm-{I-an-bm-bn-

´m-Wv.- Izp¿B≥- A-t±-l-sØ-∏-‰n- hn-h-cn-°p-∂-Xv- A-Xy-

¥w- Xmgv-a-tbm-sS- I-c-™v- I-e-ßn-b- I-Æp-I-fp-am-bn- ssZ-

h-tØm-Sv- {]m¿-Y-n-°p-∂- H-cp- hn-\o-XZm-k-\m-bn-´m-Wv.-

{]-]-t©m¬-]-Øn- kw-_-‘n-®pw- a-\p-tjym¬-]-Øn-

kw-_-‘n-®pw- ss_-_nfn¬-- ]-c-∂p-In-S-°p-∂- hn-Nn-{X-

am-b- hn-h-c-W-ß-fpw- I-W-°p-I-fpw- hn-ip-≤- Izp¿B\n-

en-s√-∂v- am-{X-a-√,- B[p-\n-I- im-kv-{X-Pv-R-∑m-sc- t]m-


3232

epw- A-º-cn-∏n-°p-∂- A-\yq-\-X-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn- hn-ip-≤-

Izp¿B≥- {]m-]-©n-I- {]-Xn-̀ m-k-ß-fn-te-°v- shfn-®w- h-

o-ip-∂p-≠v F-∂-Xpw- hn-ip-≤- Izp¿B-\n-s‚ A-am-\p-jn-

I-X-°v- D-Ø-a-Zr-jv-Sm-¥-a-s{X.-

Izp¿B-\n-I- Zr-jv-Sm-¥-ßƒ-

hn-ip-≤- Izp¿-B≥- a-\p-jy-a-\- n-t\m-Sv- kw-km-cn-°p-

∂-Xv- A¤p-X-ßƒ-sIm-≠v- A-`ym-kw- Im-Wn-°p-∂- C-

Xn-lm-kI-Ym-]m-{Xß-sf- Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-®p-sIm-≠-√.- ̀ q-

X-˛t{]-Xm-Zn-I-sf-]-‰n-tbm- cm£-km-Im-cw- ]p-≠- Zp-jv-S-

i-Iv-Xn-I-sf-∏-‰n-tbm- C-ºm-®n- ]-d-™p-sIm-≠p-a-√.- G-

sXm-cp- Nn-¥m-io-e-s\-bpw- hn-kv-a-bn-∏n-°p-∂,- I-Æpw- Im-

Xpw- a-\- pw Xp-d-∂p-sh-°m≥- k-∑-\- p-≈- G-sXm-cp-

Pn-⁄m-kp-hn-∂pw- Iu-Xp-I-ap-f-hm-°p-∂- {]m-]-©n-I- {]-

Xn-̀ m-k-ß-sf- Nq≠n-°m-Wn-®p-sIm-≠v- hnip-≤- Izp¿B≥-

tNm-Zn-°p-∂p-;- C-sXm-s°- bm-Zr-Nv-On-I-am-bn- kw-`-hn-®-

Xm-tWm,- A-e-£y-am-bpw- A-hyh-ÿn-X-am-bpw- H-Øp-Iq-

Sn-b-Xm-tWm- F-∂v.- {]m-No-\A-td-_y-bn-se- bp-Iv-Xn-hm-

Zn-I-sf- am-{X-a-√ B-[p-\n-I- bp-Iv-Xn-hm-Zn-I-sf-bpw- D-Ø-

cw- ap-´n-°p-∂-X-t{X- Izp¿B≥- D-b¿-Øn-°m-´p-∂- Zr-jv-

Sm-¥ß-ƒ-.- ssZ-h-Øn-s‚ A-kv-Xn-Xz-Øn-\pw- A-Xp-ey-am-

b- I-gn-hp-Iƒ°pw- Izp¿B≥- sX-fn-hv- \n-c-Øp-∂- co-Xn-

A-Xy-¥w- e-fn-X-hpw- lr-Zbm-h¿-P-I-hp-a-s{X.- G-Xm-\pw-

D-Zm-l-c-W-ßƒ- Xm-sg- sIm-Sp-°p-∂p:-

""A-h-s‚ Zr-jv-Sm-¥-ß-fn¬-s]-́ -Xm-Wv-:- A-h≥- \n-ß-

sf- aÆn ¬-\n-∂v- kr-jv-Sn-®p- F-∂-Xv.- F-∂n-́ m-Wv- \n-ßƒ-

Cu- ]-c-∂p-In-S-°p-∂- a-\p-jy-h¿-K-a-{X-bp-ap-≠m-b-Xv.-

33


A-h-s‚ Zr-jv-Sm-¥-ßfn¬-s]-́ -Xm-Wv- \n-ßƒ-°p-th-

≠n- Ah≥- \n-ß-fn¬-\n-∂v- X-s∂- C-W-I-sf- kr-jv-Sn-

®p-sh-∂-Xv.- \nßƒ- A-h-tcm-sSm-Øv- im-¥n-tbm-sS- h-

kn-®n-Sp-hm≥-th-≠n,- \nßƒ-°n-S-bn¬- A-h≥- kv-t\-l-

hpw- Im-cp-Wy-hpw- D-f-hm-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.- Xo¿-®-bm-

bpw- A-Xn¬- Nn-¥n-°p-∂- B-fp-Iƒ-°v- sX-fn-hp-I-fp-≠v.-

D-]-cn-tem-I-ßf-p-sS-bpw- ̀ q-an-bp-sS-bpw- kr-jv-Sn-∏pw- \n-

ß-fpsS- ̀ m-j-I-fp-sS-bpw- h¿-W-ß-fp-sS-bpw- ssh-hn-[y-

hpw- A-h-s‚ Zrjv-Sm-¥-ß-fn¬- s]-´-X-s{X.- A-dn-hp-≈-

h¿-°v- A-Xn¬- sX-fn-hp-I-fp≠v,- Xo¿-®.-

cm-hn-epw- ]-I-en-ep-ap-≈- \n-ß-fp-sS- \n-{Z-bpw- A-h-

s‚ A-\p{K-l-ß-fn¬-\n-∂v- \n-ßƒ- D-]-Po-h-\w- tX-Sp-

∂-Xpw- A-h-s‚ Zr-jvSm-¥-ßfn¬-s]-´-X-s{X.- {i-≤n-®p-

tIƒ-°p-∂- B-fp-Iƒ-°v- A-Xn¬- sX-fn-hp-I-fp-≠v,- Xo¿-

®.-

-̀b-hpw- tam-l-hp-ap-W¿-Øn-s°m-≠v- A-h≥- \n-ßƒ-

°v- an-∂¬∏n-W¿- Im-Wn-®p-X-cp-∂-Xpw- A-h-s‚ Zr-jv-Sm-

¥-ß-fn¬ -s]-´-X-s{X.- D-]-cn-`m-K-Øp-\n-∂v- sh-≈w -sNm-

cn-™p-X-cn-I-bpw- \n¿-Pohm-h-ÿ-bv-°p-ti-jw- `q-an-°v-

Po-h≥- \¬-Ip-I-bpw- sN-øp-∂p.- Xo¿®-bm-bpw- A-Xn¬-

Nn-¥n-°p-∂- B-fp-Iƒ-°-v- sX-fn-hp-I-fp-≠v.-

A-h-s‚ Zr-jv-Sm-¥-ßfn¬-s]-́ -X-s{X,- B-Im-i-hpw- ̀ q-

an-bpw- A-h-s‚ im-k-\-b-\p-k-cn-®v- \n-e-\n¬-°p-∂p-sh-

∂-Xv.- ]n-∂o-Sv- \n-ß-sf- `q-an-bn¬-\n-∂v- (a-c-Wm-\-¥-cw)-

A-h≥- H-cp- hn-fn-b-ßv- hn-fn-°p-tºmƒ- \n-ß-f-Xm- A-h-

¶-te-°v- ]p-d-s∏-Sp-∂p.-


3434

D-]-cntem-I-ß-fn-epw- ̀ q-an-bn-epw- D-≈-h-sb--√mw- A-h-

s‚XmIp-∂p.- F-√m-h-cpw- A-h-∂v- Io-g-S-ßp-∂-h-c-s{X.-

A-h≥- X-s∂-bm-Ip-∂p- kr-jv-Sn-I¿a-w- Xp-S-ßp-∂-Xv.-

]n-∂oSv- A-h-\-Xv- B-h¿-Øn-°p-∂p.- B- B-h¿-Ø-\w-

A-h-\v- Iq-Sp-X¬- F-fp-∏-ap-≈-Xm-Ip-∂p.- D-]-cn-tem-I-ß-

fn-seb-pw- `qan-bn-se-bpw- AXyp-∂-X-am-b- am-Xr-I- A-h-

s‚Xm-Ip-∂p.- A-h≥- {]-X-m-]n-bpw- A-`n-Pv-R-\p-a-s{X''

(Izp¿B≥- 30:-20˛27).-

""D-]-cn-tem-I-ß-fp-sS-bpw- ̀ q-an-bp-sS-bpw- kr-jv-Sn-∏n-epw-

Zn-\-cm-{X-ß-fp-sS- am-‰-Øn-epw- P-t\m-]-Im-c-{]-Z-am-b- h-

kv-Xp-°-fp-am-bn- I-S-en-eq-sS- k-©-cn-°p-∂- I-∏-en-epw,-

A-√m-lp- D-]-cn-`m-K-Øp-\n∂v- sh-≈w- sNm-cn-™p-X-∂n-

´v- X-Zzm-cm- \n¿-÷-o-h-am-bn-°n-S-∂n-cp-∂- `q-an-°v- Po-h≥-

\¬-In-b-Xn-epw,- `qan-bn¬- P-¥p-Pm-e-ß-sf- hn-\ykn-®-

Xn-epw,- Im-‰p-I-fp-sS- K-Xn-hn-]-cy-b-Øn-epw- B-Im-i- `q-

an-Iƒ-°n-S-bn-eq-sS- B-\-bn-°-s∏-Sp-∂- Im¿-ta-L-Øn-epw-

Nn-¥n-°p-∂- Bfp-Iƒ-°v- Zr-jv-Sm-¥-ß-fp-≠v,- Xo¿-®''-

(Izp¿B≥- 2:-164).-

""k-Xy-\n-tj-[n-Iƒ- I-≠n-t√?- D-]-cn-tem-I-ß-fpw- `q-

an-bpw- H´n-t®¿-∂-h-bm-bn-cp-∂p.- F-∂n-´v- \mw- A-h-sb-

th¿-s∏-Sp-Øn.- sh≈-Øn¬-\n-∂pw- F-√m- ssP-h-h-kv-

Xp-°-sf-bpw- \mw- D-≠m-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp.- F-∂n-´pw-

A-h¿- hn-iz-kn-°p-∂n-t√?- `q-an-bn¬- D-d-®p\n¬-°p-∂-

]¿-h-X-ß-sf- \mw- D-≠m-°n;- A-h-sc-bpw-sIm-≠v- A-Xv-

"`qan'- C-f-In-t∏m-Im-Xn-cn-°p-hm≥- th-≠n.- B- ]¿-h-X-

ßf-n¬- hn-im-eam-b- ]m-X-I-fpw- \mw- D-≠m-°n-;- A-h¿-

h-gn- I-s≠-Øp-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n.-

35


D-]-cn-̀ m-K-sØ- \mw- kp-c-£n-X-am-b- H-cp- ta¬-∏p-c-bm-

I-bpw- sNbv-Xp.- F-∂n-´pw- C-h-bn-e-S-ßn-b-sX-fn-hp-Iƒ-

{i-≤n-°m-sX- Ah¿- Xn-cn-™p-I-f-bp-I-bmIp-∂p-!-

A-h-\m-Ip-∂p- Z-n-\-cm-{X-ßsf-bpw- kq-cy-N-{μ-∑m-sc-

bpw- krjv-Sn-®-Xv.- Hm-tcm-∂pw- A-X-Xn-s‚ { -̀a-W-]-Y-Øn¬-

\o-¥n-s°m-≠ncn-°p-∂p''- (Izp¿B≥- 21:-30˛33)-.-

""A-h¿-°p-≈- Zr-jv-S-m-¥w- \n¿-Po-h-am-b- `q-an-bm-Ip-

∂p.- \m-a-Xn-\v- Po-h≥- \¬-Ip-I-bpw- A-Xn¬-\n-∂v- [m-

\yw- D¬-]m-Zn-∏n-°p-Ibpw- sN-bv-Xp.- F-∂n-´v- A-Xn¬- \n-

∂-s{X- Ah-¿- `p-Pn-°p-∂-Xv.-

A-Xn¬- \mw- Cu-¥-∏-\-tØm-´-ß-fpw- ap-¥n-cn-tØm-́ -

ß-fpw- D≠m-°n.- A-Xn¬- \mw- \o-cp-d-h-Iƒ- s]m-´n-s®-

Sp-°p-I-bpw- sN-bvXp.- A-Xn-s‚ ̂ -e-ß-fn¬-\n-∂v- A-h¿-

`p-Pn-®n-Sp-hm≥.- (b-Ym¿Y-Øn¬-)- A-h-cp-sS- I-c-ß-f-√-

A-Xv- D-≠m-°n-b-Xv.- F-∂n-´pw- Ah¿- \-μn- Im-Wn-°p-∂n-

t√?-

`q-an- ap-f-∏n-°p-∂-h,- A-h-cp-sS- kz-¥w- i-co-c-ßƒ,--

Ah¿-°dn-™p-Iq-Sm-Ø- a-‰v- h-kv-Xp-°ƒ- F-√mw- C-W-

I-fm-bn- kr-jv-Sn-®- krjv-Sn-I¿-Øm-hv- F-{X-a-l-X-zap-≈-

h≥-!''-- (hn.Jp.- 36:-33˛36).-

""P-\-ß-tf- \n-ßƒ-°v- (a-c-Wm-\-¥-c-ap-≈)- D-b¿-sØ-

gp-t∂¬ ∏n¬- kw-i-b-am-sW-¶n¬- ({i-≤n-°p-I).- \m-am-

Wv- \n-ß-sf- a-Æn¬-\n-∂v- kr-jv-Sn-®-Xv.- ]ns∂- _o-P-I-

W-Øn¬-\n-∂v.- ]n-s∂- {`q-W-Øn¬-\n-∂v.- ]n-s∂- cq-]w-

]q-≠-Xpw- A-√m-Ø-Xp-am-b- amw-k-]nWv-U-Øn¬-\n-∂v.- F-

∂n-´v- \mw- Dt±-in-°p-∂- H-cp- \n¿-Wn-X- k-a-bw-h-sc- K¿-


3636

`m-i-b-Øn¬- Xm-ßm≥-hn-Sp-∂p.- \n-ß-sf- \mw- ssi-ihm-

h-ÿ-bn¬- ]p-d-Øp-sIm-≠p-h-cp-∂p.- ]n-s∂- \n-ßƒ- ]-

cn-]-Iz-{]m-b-Øn-se-Øp-∂p.- \n-ßƒ- Nn-e¿- (C-S-{]m-b-

Øn¬)- N-c-aw- {]m-]n°-p-∂p.- Nn-e¿- A-h-ihm¿-≤-Iy-Øn-

te-°v- \-bn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.- AsX,- ]-e-Xpw- A-dn-bp-am-bn-cp-

∂-Xn-\p-ti-jw- H-∂p-w- A-dn-bm-Ø- A-h-ÿ-bn-te-°v''-

(Izp¿B≥- 22:-5).-

""A-h≥- \n-ß-sf- H-scm-‰- k-Ø-bn¬-\n-∂v- kr-jv-Sn-

®p.- ]n-s∂- A-Xn¬-\n-∂v- X-s∂- A-Xn-s‚ C-W-sb-bpw-

D-≠m-°n.- \n-ßƒ-°p-th-≠n- Im-en-I-fn¬-\n-∂v- F-´v- C-

W-I-tf-bpw- A-h≥- H-cp-°n-Ø-∂p.- \n-ß-fp-sS- am-Xm-°-

fp-sS- DZ-c-ß-fn¬- H-∂n-\p-]p-d-sI- H∂m-bn- kr-jv-Sn-∏n-

s‚ ]-e- L-́ -ß-fn-em-bn- \n-ß-sf-b-h≥- kr-jv-Sn-°p-∂p.-

aq-∂v- C-cp-´p-Iƒ-°p-≈n¬.- A-h-\m-Ip-∂p- \n-ß-fp-sS-

\mY≥.- A-h-∂m-Ip-∂p- B-[n-]-Xyw-.- A-h-\-√m-sX- H-cm-

cm-[y-\p-an-√.- F-∂n-´v- \n-ß-sf-ß-s\- hy-Xn-N-en-°-s∏-Sp-

∂p?''- (Izp¿B≥- 39:-6)-.-

""A-√m-lp- \n-ß-sf- \n-ß-fp-sS- am-Xm-°-fp-sS- D-Z-c-ß-

fn¬-\n∂v- ]p-d-Øp-sIm-≠p-h-∂-Xv- \n-ßƒ-°v- H-∂pw- A-

dn-™p-Iq-Sm-Ø- Ah-ÿ-bn-em-Wv.- A-h-\m-Wv- \n-ßƒ-

°v- Im-Xpw- I-Æpw-a-\- p-sa√mw- \¬-In-b-Xv.- \n-ßƒ- \-

μn-bp-≈-h-cm-sb-¶n¬-!''- (Izp¿B≥- 16:-78)-.-

""ssZ-hw- \n-ß-sf- a-Æn¬-\n-∂pw- Xp-S¿-∂v- _o-P-I-W-

Øn¬-\n∂pw- kr-jv-Sn-®p.- F-∂n-´v- \n-ß-sf- A-h≥- C-

W-I-fm-°n.- A-hs‚ A-dn-thm-sS-b-√m-sX- H-cp- kv-{Xo-bpw-

K¿-̀ w- [-cn-°p-∂n-√.- {]-k-hn-°p-∂p-an-√.- tc-J-bn-ep-≈-X-

37


\p-k-cn-®-√m-sX- H-cmƒ-°pw- Zo¿Lm-bp- v- \¬-I-s∏-Sp-

I-tbm- A¬-]m-bp- m-°-s∏-Sp-I-tbm- C-√.- Xo¿-®-bm-bpw-

A-Xv- ssZ-h-Øn-\v- F-fp-∏-am-Ip-∂p.-

c-≠v- P-em-i-b-ßƒ- Xp-ey-am-hp-I-bn-√.- H-∂v- ip-≤-hpw-

kz-Nv-Ohpw- kp-J-Z-hpw.- a-s‰m-∂v- D-∏v- c-k-hpw- Zp- -zm-Zp-

ap-≈-Xv.- F-∂m¬- c-≠n¬-\n-∂pw- am¿-Z-h-ap-≈- ]p-Ø≥-

amw-kw- \n-ßƒ-°v- ̀ -£n°m≥- In-́ p-∂p.- \n-ßƒ-°v- B-

-̀c-W-am-bn- A-Wn-bm-\p-≈-Xv- ]p-d-sØ-Sp-°m-\pw- I-gn-bp-

∂p.- I-∏¬- A-Xn-eq-sS- P-tem-]-cn-X-ew- Io-dn-ap-dn®v- \o-

ßp-∂-Xv- Im-Wmw.- \n-ßƒ- A-h-s‚ A-\p-{K-l-Øn¬-\n-

∂pw- tX-Sp-hm≥- th-≠n-bpw- \n-ßƒ- \-μn-bp-≈-h-cm-bn-

cn-°m≥- th≠nbpw.-

A-h≥- cm-{Xn-sb- ]-I-en¬- hn-e-bn-∏n-°p-∂p.- ]-I-en-

s\- cm-{Xnbn-epw.- A-h≥- kq-cy-s\-bpw- N-{μ-s\-bpw- Io-

gv-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.- Hm-tcm-∂pw- \n-iv-Nn-X- ]-cn-[n-bn-

te-°v- k-©-cn-°p-∂p.- A-h-\-s{X- \n-ß-fp-sS- \m-Y-\m-

b- ssZ-hw.- A-h-∂m-Ip-∂p- B-[n-]-Xyw.- Ah\v- ]p-d-sa-

\n-ßƒ- {]m¿-Yn-°p-∂-h-cm-cpw- H-cp- Cu-Ø--∏-\-°p-cp-hn-

s‚ ]m-S-t]m-epw- A-[o-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂n-√''- (Izp¿B≥- 35:-

11˛13)-

""`q-an-sb- \mw- hn-im-e-am-°p-I-bpw- A-Xn¬- D-d-®p-\n¬-

°p-∂- ]¿-Δ-X-ßƒ- ÿm-]n-°p-I-bpw,- F-√mw- k-¥p-en-

X-am-bn-s°m-≠v- A-Xn¬- ap-f∏n-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xn-cn-°p-

∂p.-

\n-ßƒ-°pw- \n-ßƒ- B-lm-cw- \¬-In- h-f¿-Øp-∂-

X-√m-Ø- Po-hn-Iƒ-°pw- th-≠n- \mw- A-Xn¬- D-]-Po-h-\-


3838

am¿-K-ßƒ- H-cp-°nbn-cn-°p-∂p.-

G-sXm-cp- h-kv-Xp-hn-s‚bpw- J-P-\m-hp-Iƒ- \-Ωp-sS-

]-°¬- am-{X-am-Ip-∂p.- \n-iv-Nn-X- A-f-h-\p-k-cn-®v- am-{X-

sa- \m-a-Xv- \¬IpIbp-≈q.-

\mw- ta-L-ßƒ-°v- _o-P-Zm-\w- sN-øp-∂- Im-‰p-I-sf-

\n-tbmKn-®p.- Xp-S¿-∂v- D-]-cn-`m-K-Øv- \n-∂v- \mw- sh-≈w-

sNm-cn-bp-I-bpw- AXv- \n-ßƒ-°v- Ip-Sn-°p-am-dm-°p-I-bpw-

sN-bv-Xp.- \n-ßƒ-°-Xv- (h-‰n-t∏m-Im-Ø-h-Æw)- kq-£n-

®p-sh-°m≥- I-gn-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√''- (Izp¿B≥- 15:-19˛22)-.-

""A-h≥- t\m-°p-∂n-t√- H-́ -Iw- F-ß-s\-bm-Wv- kr-jv-

Sn-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂-sX-∂v?- B-Im-iw- F-ß-s\- D-b¿-Ø-

s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂pw.- ]¿-h-X-ßƒ- F-ß-s\- ÿm-]n-

°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂pw,- `qan- F-ß-s\- \n-c-∏p-≈-Xm-

°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂pw''- (Izp¿B≥- 88:-17˛20).-

""\n-ß-sf- Zp¿-_-em-h-ÿ-bn¬- \n-∂v- k-r-jv-Sn-®-h-\m-

Ip-∂p- A√m-lp.- Xp-S¿-∂v- Zu¿-_ey-Øn-\v- ti-jw- A-

h≥- I-cp-Øp-≠m-°n-Ø-∂p.- I-cp-Øn-\p-ti-jw- ho-≠pw-

_-e-lo-\-X-bpw- \-c-bpw- h-cp-Øn.- A-h≥- D-t±-in-°p-∂-

Xv - kr-jv -Sn -°p-∂p. - A-h≥- k¿h-Pv -R-\p-a-s{X'' -

(Izp¿B≥- 30:-54).-

""A-h¿- I-≠n-t√,- \-Ωp-sS- I-c-ßƒ- cq-]w- \¬-In-b-

Im-en-Isf- \mw- A-h¿-°v- th-≠n-bm-Wv- kr-jv-Sn-®-sX-

∂v.- A-ß-s\- A-h¿- A-h-sb- A-[o-\-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠n-

cn-°p-∂p.-

A-h-sb- \mw- A-h¿-°v- Io-sgm-Xp-°n-sIm-Sp-°p-I-bpw-

sN-bv-Xp.- A-h-bn¬- Nn-e-Xv- hm-l-\-am-Ip-∂p.- Nn-e-Xn-s\-

39


A-h¿- `p-Pn-°pIbpw- sN-øp-∂p.-

A-h¿-°v- A-h-bn¬- ]-e- {]-tbm-P-\-ß-fp-ap-≠v.- Ip-Sn-

°p-hm-\p-≈- ]m-epw.- F-∂n-´pw- A-h-sc-¥m- \-μn-Im-Wn-

°m-Ø-Xv''- (Izp¿B≥- 36:-71˛73)-.-

""a-\p-jy≥- I-≠n-t√-;- A-h-s\- \mw- H-cp- _o-P-I-W-

Øn¬-\n∂m-Wv- kr-jv-Sn-®-sX-∂v.- F-∂n-´v- A-h-\-Xm- hy-

Iv-X-am-b- F-Xn¿-∏p-Imc-\m-bn- am-dn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.- \-ap-°-

h≥- D-]-a-bp-≠m-°p-I-bpw,- kz¥w- kr-jv-Sn-∏n-s\]-‰n- hn-

kv-a-cn-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xn-cn-°p-∂p.- A-h≥- tNmZn-®p-;- "{Z-

hn-®p-t]m-b- Cu- A-ÿn-i-I-e-ßƒ-°v- Po-h≥- \¬Im≥-

B¿-°m-Wv- I-gn-bp-I-sb-∂v.-

]-d-bq-:- B-Zy-X-h-W- A-h-sb- kr-jv-Sn-®-h≥- X-s∂-

A-h-bv-°v- Po-h≥- \¬-Ipw.- A-h≥ F-√m-X-cw- kr-jv-Sn-

∏n-s\-]-‰n-bpw- \-∂mbn- A-dn-bp-∂-h-\-s{X.-

\n-ß-ƒ°p-th-≠n- ]-®-a-c-Øn¬-\n-∂v- Xo- D-≠m-°n-

X-∂-h-\s{X- A-h≥.- F-∂n-´v- A-Xn¬-\n-∂v- \n-ß-f-Xm-

I-Øn-°p-∂p.-

D]-cn-tem-I-ß-sf-bpw- ̀ q-an-sb-bpw- kr-jv-Sn-®-h≥- A-

h-sc- t]mep-≈-h-sc- kr-j-v-Sn-°m≥- I-gn-hp-≈-h-\-s√-

t∂m?- kw-i-b-ta-Xp-an-√.- A-h≥- X-s∂-bm-Ip-∂p- k¿-h-

Pv-R-\m-b- kr-jv-Sn-I¿-Øm-hv.-

A-h-s‚ Im-cyw,- A-h≥- H-cp- Im-cyw- D-t±-in-®m¬- "D-

≠m-Iq'- F-∂- B-Pv-R- am-{X-am-Ip-∂p.- A-t∏m-g-Xm- A-Xv-

D-≠m-Ip-∂p.-

F-√m- Im-cy-ß-fp-sS-bpw- A-[o-im-[n-Im-cw- ssI-h-i-

ap-≈-h≥- F-{X- a-l-Xz-ap-≈-h≥-!- A-h-\n-te-°v- X-s∂-


4040

bm-bn-cn -°pw- \n-ßƒ- Xn-cn -®p-hn-fn -°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv'' -

(Izp¿B≥- 36:-77˛83).-

""\m-am-Wv- \n-ß-sf- kr-jv-Sn-®-Xv.- \n-ßƒ-s°-¥m- hn-

izm-k-am-Ip-∂n-t√?-

\n-ßƒ- _o-Pw- {k-hn-°p-∂-Xn-s\-∏-‰n- \n-ßƒ- Nn-¥n-

®p-thm?-

\n-ß-fm-tWm- A-Xv- kr-jv-Sn-°p-∂-Xv?- A-tXm- \m-am-

tWm- krjv-Sn-I¿-Øm-hv?-

\mw- \n-ßƒ-°n-S-bn¬- a-c-Ww- hn-[n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.- \-

sΩ- B¿°pw- tXm¬-]n-°m-\m-hn-√.-

\n-ß-sf-t]m-ep-≈-h-sc- am-‰p-hm-\pw- \n-ßƒ-°v- A-

dn-™p-IqSm-Ø- hn-[-Øn¬- \n-ß-sf- ]p-\x-kr-jvSn-°m-

\pw- th-≠n.-

B-Zy-sØ- kr-jv-Sn-cq]-sØ-∏-‰n- \n-ßƒ- a-\- n-em-°n-

b-t√m.- F-∂n-́ pw- \n-ß-sf-¥m- t_m-[-hm-∑m-cm-Im-Ø-Xv?-

\n-ßƒ- Ir-jn-bn-d-°p-∂-Xn-s\-∏-‰n- \n-ßƒ- Nn-¥n-®-p-

thm?-

\n-ß-fm-tWm- A-Xv- ap-f-∏n-®v- h-f¿-Øp-∂-Xv?- A-X-√-

\-Ω-tfm?-

\mw- hn-Nm-cn-®n-cp-s∂-¶n¬- A-Xm-sI- [q-fn-I-fm-°n- am-

‰p-am-bncp-∂p.- A-t∏mƒ- \n-ßƒ- A-¤p-X-kv-X-_v-[-cm-bn-

t∏m-Ipw.-

R-ß-fn-Xm- I-S-_m-[y-X-bn¬- A-I-s∏-́ n-cn-°p-∂p- (F-

∂v- \nßƒ- ap-d-hn-fn- Iq-´-≠n-h-cpw).-

A-√.- R-ßƒ- F-√mw- \-jv-S-s∏-´-h-cm-bn-cn-°p-∂p- F-

41


∂v.- \nßƒ- Ip-Sn-°p-∂- sh-≈-sØ-∏-‰n- Nn-¥n-®n-́ p-t≠m?-

\n-ß-fm-tWm- ta-L-Øn¬-\n-∂v- A-Xv- Xm-sg-s°m-≠p-h-

cp-∂-Xv?- A-X√- \m-tam?

\mw- hn-Nm-cn-®n-cp-s∂-¶n¬- \-ap-°-Xv- D-∏p-c-k-ap-≈-Xm-

°m≥ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p.- F-∂n-´pw- \n-ß-sf-¥m- \-μn-

I-m-Wn-°m-Ø-Xv?-

\n-ßƒ- Xo- I-Øn-s®-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-s\-∏-‰n- Nn-¥n-®n-´p-

t≠m?-

""A-Xv- I-Øm-\p-≈- a-cw- \n-ß-fm-tWm- D-≠m-°n-b-Xv?-

A-X-√-\m-tam?''- (Izp¿B≥- 56:-57˛72)-.-

""a-\p-jy≥- hn-Nm-cn-°p-∂p-t≠m- A-h-s‚ A-ÿn-i-

I-e-ß-sf- ]p-\x-kw-tbm-Pn-∏n-°m≥- \-ap-°v- I-gn-bn-s√-

∂v?-

kw-i-bw- th-≠,- A-h-s‚ hn-c¬-Xp-ºp-t]m-epw- i-cn-

bm-bn- kwhn-[m-\n-°m≥- \-ap-°v- I-gn-hp-≠v''- (Izp¿B≥-

75:-3,-4)-.-

\n-Xy-\q-X-\w-

a-\pjy-s‚ Nn-¥-sb-bpw- t_m-[-sØ-bpw- X-́ n-bp-W¿-

Ø-Ø°-h-Æw- hn-ip-≤- Izp¿B-\n-ep-S-\o-fw- ]-c-∂p-In-

S-°p-∂- ssZ-hn-I- Zrjv-Sm-¥-ß-fp-sS- G-Xm-\pw- D-Zm-l-c-

W-ß-fm-Wv- ap-I-fn¬- sIm-Sp-ØXv.- 1400 sIm-√w-ap-ºp-≈-

A-d-_n-I-sf- kw-_-‘n-®n-S-tØm-fw- C-Xv- F-{X-am-{Xw- {]-

k-Iv-X-am-tWm- A-{X-tØm-fw- {]-k-Iv-Xn- B-[p-\nIk-aq-

l-ß-fp-sS- Im-cy-Øn-e-pw- A-Xn-\p-≠v.- Ime-hpw- tIm-e-

hpsa-√mw- am-dn-bm-epw- Cu- Zr-jv-Sm-¥-ß-fn-sem-∂n-\p-t]m-


4242

epw- Im-e-l-cWw- kw-`-hn-®n-´n-√.- kz-bw- kw-km-cn-°p-

∂- Cu- kq-Iv-X-ß-sf- Pohn-X-Øn-s‚ G-Xv- Xp-d-bn-ep-≈-

]-Iz-a-Xn-Iƒ-°pw- X-≈n-∏-d-bm-\m-hn-√.- ]-g-b- A-td-_y≥-

k-aq-l-Øn-se- {]m-Ir-X-cpw,- \m-K-cn-I-cpw,- km-ln-Xy-Im-

c-∑m-cpw- \n-c-£-c-cpw- A-Sn-a-I-fpw,- D-S-a-I-fpw- H-cp-t]mse-

Cu- kq-Iv-X-ß-fp-sS- A-am-\p-jn-I- {]-`m-hw- Aw-Ko-I-cn-

®ncp-∂p.-

C-∂pw- Cu- \n-e-bn¬- am-‰-sam-∂pw- h-∂n-´n-√.- Nn-e¿-

sX-‰n-≤cn-®-t]m-se- H-cp-]n-Sn- ]-g-©-∑m-sc- am-{X-a-√- hn-

ip-≤- Izp¿B≥- BI¿-jn-°p-∂-Xv.- tem-I-{]-i-k-v-X-cm-

b- K-th-j-I-cpw- Nn-¥-I-∑m-cpw- C∂v- hn-ip-≤- Izp¿B-\n-

s\- ̀ m-jm-]-c-am-bpw- B-i-b-]-c-am-b-pw- A-]-{K-Yn-®p-sIm-

≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.- Iw-]yq-́ ¿- D-]tbm-Kn-®p-≈- A-Xn-kq£v-

a-am-b- ]-T-\-Øn-\pt]m-epw- hn-ip-≤-Izp¿B≥- hn-t[-b-

am-bn-́ p-≠v.- F-√m- hn-th-I-im-en-I-fm-b- A-t\z-j-I-sc-bpw-

A-º-c-∏n-®p-sIm-≠v- A-Xn-s‚ km¿-hm-Xn-im-bn-X- C-∂pw-

\n-e-\n¬-°p-∂p.- {]-_p-≤sc-∂v- {]-tLm-jn-°-s∏-Sm-d-p-≈-

tI-c-f-Øn¬-t]m-epw- P-\-e-£-ßƒ- hn-ip-≤- Izp¿B-\n-

s\- Ku-c-h-_p-≤ym- ]-T-\-hn-t[-b-am-°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.-

tUm-Iv-S¿-am-cpw- F-©n-\o-b¿am-cpw- s{]m-^-k¿-am-cp-a-S-

ßp-∂- _p-≤n-Po-hn-Iƒ- C-hn-sS-bpw- Izp¿B≥- hym-Jym-

\n-°p-I-bpw- A-]-{K-Yn-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-

∂p.- ̀ u-Xn-I-hmZ-Øn-s‚ A-Xn-{]-k-c-Øn¬-s]-´v- a-X-ß-

tfm-Sv- ap≥-hn-[n- sh-®p-]-p-e¿-Øp-∂-h-cpw- km-ap-Zm-bn-I-

Xz-Øn-s‚ kzm-[o-\-Øn¬-s]-´v- Ckv-emw- hn-tcm-[w- ]p-

e¿-Øp-∂-h-cp-a-√m-Ø- \n-jv-]-£-a-Xn-Iƒ- F√m-Im-e-

Øpw- hn-ip-≤- Izp¿B-\n-s‚ kw-th-Z-\-£-a-X- Aw-Ko-I-

43


cn-®n-́ p-≠v.- H-cp-Im-e-Øv- hn-ip-≤- Izp¿B-\n-s‚ _-≤-ssh-

cn-I-fm-bn-cp-∂- tI-c-f-Øn-se- Nn-e- _p-≤n-Po-hn-Iƒ- ]n¬-

°m-e-Øv- Izp¿B-\p-am-bn- hn-´p-]n-cn-bm-\m-Im-Ø- B-Xv-

a-_-‘-ap-≈-h-cm-bn- amdn-b- Im-cyw- Cu- k-μ¿-`-Øn¬-

kv-a-c-Wo-b-am-Wv.-

1400 h¿-j-ßƒ-°-Iw- im-kv-{X- km-ln-Xy- I-em-cw-K-

ß-fn¬- hen-b- am-‰-ß-fp-≠m-bn-´p-≠v.- `q-an-bm-Wv- {]-]-

©-Øn-s‚ tI-{μsa-∂v- hn-iz-kn-°-s∏-´- Im-e-ap-≠m-bn-

cp-∂p.- kq-cy-\m-Wv- {]-]-©-Øns‚ tI-{μ-sa-∂pw- {K-l-

ßƒ- kq-cy-s‚ B-I¿-j-W-h-e-b-Øn¬- {`-a-Ww- sN-bv-

Xp-sIm-≠n-cn-°-bm-sW-∂pw- ]n-∂o-Sv- sX-fn-bn-°-s∏´p.- a-

g-sb-bpw- Im-em-h-ÿ-sb-bpw- ]-‰n- a-\p-jy-cp-sS- [m-c-W-

bn¬- \nc-¥-cw- am-‰-ßƒ- h-∂n-́ p-≠v.- Po-h-Pm-e-ß-sf-bpw-

k-ky-ß-sf-bpw-]-‰n- ssh-hn-[y-am¿-∂- ho-£-W-ß-fp-≠m-

bn-´p-≠v.- a-\p-jy-s‚bpw- {]-]-©-Øn-s‚bpw- D¬-]-Øn-

sb-∏-‰n- h-∂pw-t]m-b-pw- sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂- kn-≤m-¥-ßƒ-

°v- I-W-°n-√.- a-\p-jy-s‚ K¿-̀ -[m-c-Ww- ap-X¬- {]-k-hw-

h-sc-bp-≈- L-́ -ß-sf-∏-‰n-bpw- im-kv-{Xw- A-̀ n{]m-b-ßƒ-

am-dn-am-dn- ]-d-™n-´p-≠v.- hn-ip-≤- Izp¿B≥- `u-Xn-I-im-

kv-{Xw- ]-Tn-∏n-°m≥-th-≠n- h-∂- {K-\v-Y-a-s√-∂pw- a-\p-jy-

cp-sS- [m¿an-Iam¿-K-Z¿-i-\-am-Wv- A-Xn-s‚ e-£y-sa-∂pw-

Izp¿B≥- hm-Iyß-fn¬- \n-∂p-X-s∂- hy-Iv-X-am-Ip-∂p≠v.-

F-¶n-epw- {]m-]-©n-I- {]Xn-̀ m-k-ß-fn-eq-sS- ssZ-hm-kv-Xn-

Xzw- I-s≠-Øm≥- a-\p-jy-s\- k-lmbn-°p-∂- cw-K-Øv-

hn-ip-≤- Izp¿B≥- Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂- Im-cy-ßƒ- sX-

‰m-sW-∂v- H-cp- im-kv-{X\n-a-b-hpw- H-cn-°-epw- sX-fn-bn-®n-

-́n-√- F-∂- h-kv-Xp-X- A-Xn-s‚ ssZ-hn--I-X-bv-°p-≈- sX-fn-


4444

hp-I-fn-sem-∂m-bn- \n-e-\n¬-°p-∂p.- A-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂-

F-°m-e-sØ-bpw-im-kv-{X-Pv-R-∑m¿-°v- Izp¿B≥- kzo-I-

cn-°p-∂-Xn-\v- _p-≤n-]-c-amb- X-S- -ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.-

C-Xn-\v- ]p-d-sa- \-Ωp-sS- k-hn-ti-j- {i-≤-b¿-ln-°p-

∂- H-cp- hnj-b-ap-≠v.- hn-ip-≤- Izp¿B-\n-s\- ]-‰n- bm-

sXm-cp- [m-c-W-bpw- D-≠mbn-´n-√m-Ø- ss{I-kv-X-h- b-lq-

Z- \m-kv-Xn-I- im-kv-{X-Pv-R-∑m¿- \-SØn-b- K-th-j-W-ßƒ-

Izp¿B-\n¬- 1400 h¿-jw-ap-ºv- im-kv-{Xw- {`qWm-h-kv-bn-

em-bn-cp-∂- Im-e-Øv- ]-d-™- Im-cy-ß-sf- i-cn-sh-®p-

sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂p F-∂Xm-W-Xv.- C-Xn-\v- D-Zm-l-c-W-ßƒ-

\n-c-h-[n-bp-≠v.-

B-Im-i-`q-an-I-fp-sS- D¬-]-Øn-

B-Im-i-tKm-f-ß-fpw- `q-an-bpw- H-∂n-®v- H-scm-‰- B-Zn-]-

Zm¿-Y-Øn-s‚ `m-K-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂-Xv- C-∂v- im-kv-{X-cw-

K-Øv- G-Xm-≠v- X¿°-a-‰- hn-j-b-am-Wv.- {]-]-©-Øn-s‚

D¬-]-Øn-sb-∏-‰n- hy-Xy-kvX- ho-£-W-ß-fp-s≠-¶n-epw-

Xm-c-K-W-ß-fpw- {K-tlm-]-{K-l-ß-fpw- Htc- D-d-hn-S-Øn¬-

\n-∂v- hn-L-Sn-®v- cq-]w- sIm-≠-Xm-sW-∂-Xn¬- C-∂v- X¿-

°w- A-h-ti-jn-°p-∂n-√.-

{]-]-©-Øn-s‚ D-¤-hw- kw-_-‘n-®v- C-∂v- \n-e-hn-ep-

≈- kn≤m-¥-ß-fn¬- {]-ap-J- tKm-f-im-kv-{X-Pv-R-cp-sS- Aw-

Ko-Im-cw- t\Sn-bn-´p-≈-Xv- D-{Kam-b- H-cp- B-Zn-kv-t^m-S-\-

Øn¬-\n-∂m-Wv- apgp-h≥- {]-]-©-Øn-s‚bpw- Xp-S-°-sa-

∂v- k-a¿-Y-n-°p-∂- _n-Kv-_mw-Kv- kn-≤m-¥-a-s{X.-

\m-ev- {]-ap-J- im-kv-{X-Pv-R-∑m¿- tN¿-∂v- 1976 am¿-®n-

se- Scientific American¬- F-gp-Xn-b- H-cp- te-J-\-Øn¬-

45


C-{]-Im-cw- Im-Wmw:-

``Thus it appears that the Universe began from a state ofinfinite density about one hubble time ago. Space and timewere created in that event and so was all the matter in theuniverse''.

""A\-¥-am-b- A-f-hn¬- km-{¥-am-bn-cp-∂- H-cp- A-h-

ÿ-bn¬-\n-∂m-Wv- {]-]-©w- D-¤-hn-®-sX-∂m-Wv- hy-Iv-X-

am-Ip-∂-Xv.- G-ItZ-iw- H-cp- "l-_vƒ- k-a-bw'-* ap-ºm-Wv-

C-Xv- \-S-∂-Xv.- kv-s]-bv-kpw- k-a-b-hpw- B- kw-`-h-tØm-

sS-bm-Wv- kr-jv-Sn-°-s∏-´-Xv.- A-{]-Imcw-X-s∂- {]-]-©-

Øn-se- ap-gp-h≥- ]-Zm¿-Y-hpw''-.-

(`Will the Universe Expand forever' Scientific American,March'76)

hn-ip-≤- Izp¿B-\n-se- 21:-30 kq-Iv-Xw- C-u- B-i-b-a-

s{X- Du-∂n ∏-d-bp-∂-Xv.- J-tKm-f-im-kv-{Xw- H-´pw- hn-I-kn-

®n-ń-√m-Ø-Im-e-Øv- tem-I-sØm-cm-fpw- C-Ø-c-sam-cp- {]-

kv-Xm-h-\- \-S-Øm≥- H-cp- km[y-X-bp-an-√.- k¿-h-Pv-R-\m-

b- ssZ-h-Øn-s‚ t_m-[-\w- ap-tJ-\-b√m-sX.-

D-{Kkv-t^m-S-\-a-S-°-ap-≈- {]-Xn-̀ m-k-ßƒ-°v- ]n-∂n-se-

bYm ¿Y- Im-c-W-sØ-∏-‰n- ]-d-bp-tºmƒ- ù-Xn-I-hm-Zn-

Iƒ- k¿-h-Pv-\pw- k¿-h-i-Iv-X-\p-am-b- kw-hn-[m-b-I-s\-

X-≈n-∏-d-™p-sIm-≠v- C-cp-ń¬- X-∏p-I-bm-Wv.- F-∂m¬-

Izp¿B≥- {]-m-]-©n-I{]-Xn-̀ m-k-ß-fp-sS- ]n-∂n-se- b-Ym¿-

* (1920¬- {]-]-©-Øn-s≥-d- D-Xv-̀ -h-sØ-bpw- hn-Im-k-sØ-bpw- kw-_-\v-[n-®v- {]-k-IvX-am-b- \n-co-£-W-ßƒ- \-S-Øn-b- F-Un≥- ]n.- l-_vƒ- F-∂- im-kv-{X-Pv-R-s≥-d- t]-cn¬- A-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xpw- A-\-¥-km-{μ-am-b- A-h-kv-Y-°p-ti-jw- {]-]-©w- ]n∂n -́ Im-e-b-f-hn-s\- Ip-dn-°p-∂-Xp-am-b- H-cp- k-a-b- ]-cn-Wm-a-a-s{X- l-_vƒ- ssSw)-


4646

Y-i-Iv-Xn- F-s¥-∂v- kv-]-jv-S-am-°p-∂p.-

""k-Xy-\n-tj-[n-Iƒ- I-≠n-t√- D-]-cn-tem-I-ß-fpw- `q-

an-bpw- H-´n t®¿-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂v.- F-∂n-´v- \mw- A-h-

sb- th¿-s∏-Sp-Øn''- (Izp¿B≥- 21:-30)-.-

s\-_p-e-Iƒ- Izp¿B-\n¬-

h-m-X-I-ß-fpw- kq-£v-a-]-Zm¿-∞-ß-fp-a-S-ßp-∂- H-cp- ]p-

I-]-S-e- (Nebula)Øn¬-\n-∂m-Wv- \-£-{X-ßƒ- ]n-d-hn-sb-

Sp-Ø-sX-∂m-Wv- B-[p-\n-I- im-kv-{Xw- I-cp-Xp-∂-Xv.- Se-crets of Space F-∂- {K-\v-Y-Øn¬- Anthony feldman ]-d-

bp-∂-Xv- Im-Wp-I-:-

``The process by which the stars from is probably a kindof condensation. The principal force behind the phenom-enon is gravity, operating between the countless moleculesof gas and dust motes in the nebula. As an accumulation ofmatter builds up in particular region of the nebula thebegining of a localised gravitational field emerge and theprocess a accelerates more material being drawn into theregion by the gravitational pull of the increasing build up ofdust and gas''.

an-°-hm-dpw- H-cp-X-cw- km-{μo-I-c-W- {]-{In-b-bn-eq-sS-

bm-Wv- \£-{X-ß-ƒ- cq-]w-sIm-≈p-∂-Xv.- Cu- {]-Xn-`m-k-

Øn-s‚ ]n-∂n-ep-≈- ap-Jy-i-Iv-Xn- s\-_p-e-I-fn-se- F-

Æ-a-‰- hm-X-I- X-∑m-{X-Iƒ-°n-S-bn-epw- [q-fo-I-c-W-ßƒ-

°n-S-bn-epw- {]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂- Kp-cp-Xzm-I¿-j-W-am-Ip-∂p.-

s\-_p-e-bn¬- H-cp- {]-tXy-I- {]-tZ-i-Øv- ]-Zm¿-Y-tI-{μo-

I-c-Ww- \-S-°p-tºmƒ- {]m-tZ-in-I-am-b- H-cp- Kp-cp-Xzm-I¿-

47


j W- ta-J-e- D-cp-Øn-cn-bm≥- Xp-S-ßp-∂p.- Cu- {]-{In-b-

Xz-cn-X-s∏-Sp-∂-tXm-sS- B- {]-tZ-itØ-°v- Iq-Sp-X¬- ]-

Zm¿Y-w- k-am-l-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.- Kp-cp-Xzm-I¿-j-W-_-e-

Øm¬- [q-fn-I-fp-sS-bpw- hm-X-Iß-fp-sS-bpw- ti-J-cw- Iq-

Sn-Iq-Sn- h-cp-∂p''-.- (Secrets of Space P.p. 52 Aldus Books.London)

hn-ip-≤- Izp¿B≥- 1400 h¿-j-ßƒ-°v- ap-ºp-X-s∂- B-

Im-i tKm-f-ßƒ- ]p-I-]-S-e-Øn¬-\n-∂v- cq-]w- sIm-≠-

Xm-sW-∂- h-kvXp-X- hy-Iv-X-am-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.-

""A-Xn-\v- ]p-d-sa- A-h≥- D-]-cn-tem-I-Øn-s‚ kw-hn-

[m-\w- \-S--Øn.- A-Xv- ]p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.- A-Xn-t\m-Spw- ̀ q-an-

tbm-Spw- A-h≥-- BPv-Rm-]n-®p-:- \n-ßƒ- c-≠pw- hn-t[-b-

Xz-tØm-sS-tbm- A--\n-Nv-Om-]q¿h--I-am-tbm- h-cq.- A-h- c-

≠pw- ]-d-™p-:- R-ß-fn-Xm- hn-t[-b-Xz-tØmsS- h-∂n-cn-

°p-∂p''- (Izp¿B≥- 41:-11).-

Cu- {]-Jym-]-\-Øn-\v- ap-ºn¬- im-kv-{Xw- ]-I-®p-\n¬-

°p-∂p- F-∂-X-t√- hm-kv-X-hw?-

im-kv-{Xm-`ym-kw- t]m-I-s´,- A-£-cm-`ym-kw- t]m-epw-

t\-Sn-bn´n-√m-Ø- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n--bp-sS- \m-hn-eq-sS-bm-

Wv- \mw- Cu- hm-°p-Iƒ- tIƒ-°p-∂-Xv-!- C-sX-ß-s\- kw-

`-hn-®p?- D-Ø-cw- e-fn-X-am-Wv.- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n-- X-\n-°v-

e-`n-®- Zn-hy-t_m-[-\w- D-cp-hn-Sp-I-bmbn-cp-∂p.-

`q-an-bp-sS- B-Ir-Xn-

`q-an-bp-sS- B-Ir-Xn-sb-∏-‰n- hn-ip-≤- Izp¿B≥- F-¥v-

]-d-bp-∂p sh-∂- tNm-Zyw- ]-e-cpw- D-∂-bn-°m-dp-≠v.-

Izp¿B-\n-se- ̀ q-an- ]-c∂-Xm-sW-∂pw- ap-l-Ω-Zv- \-_n--bp-


4848

sS- Im-e-Øv- B-fp-Iƒ- [-cn-®n-cp∂- A-_-≤w- Izp¿B-\n-

epw- I-S-∂p-Iq-Sn-bn-´p-s≠-∂pw- Izp¿B≥- ssZ-hn-I-a-s√-

∂-Xn-\v- A-Xp-X-s∂- a-Xn-bm-b- sX-fn-hm-sW-∂pw- Nne¿-

tL-m-jn-°m-dp-≠v.-

""`q-an-sb- \n-ßƒ-°p-th-≠n- sa-Ø-bm-°n-b-h≥''-

(Izp¿B≥- 2:-22)-

""`q-an-sb- \mw- \o-´n-bn-cn-°p-∂p''- (Izp¿B≥- 15:-19).-

""A-√m-lp- \n-ßƒ-°v- th-≠n- `q-an-sb- H-cp- hn-cn-∏m-

°n-bn-cn-°p∂p''- (Izp¿B≥- 71:-19)-.-

F-∂o- h-N-\-ßƒ-°v- Np-‰p-am-Wv- hn-a¿-i-\-ßƒ- tI-

{μo-I-cn-®n´p-≈-X.v-

F-∂m¬- hn-ip-≤- Izp¿B-\n¬- ̀ q-an-sb-∏-‰n- A-t\-Iw-

k-μ¿-̀ ß-fn¬- ssh-hn-[y-am-¿-∂- hn-i-Zo-I-c-W-ßƒ- \¬-

In-bn-́ p-≈-Xn-s‚- sN-dn-sbm-cp- ̀ m-K-w- am-{X-am-Wv- Cu- h-N-

\-ß-sf-∂- Im-cyw- hn-a¿i-I-∑m¿- ku-I-cy-]q¿-h-w- a-d-®p-

sh-°p-∂p.- Nn-e- h-N-\-ßƒ- t\-m°q:-

""A-h-\m-Ip-∂p- `-q-an-sb- \n-ßƒ-°v- Io-sgm-Xp-ßp-

∂Xm-°n-bXv.- A-Xn-\m¬- A-Xn-s‚ Np-a-ep-I-fn-eq-sS- \n-

ßƒ- \-S-∂p-sIm-≈pI''- (Izp¿B≥- 67:-15).-

""`q-an-sb- \mw- sXm-´n-em-°n-Ø-∂n-t√?''- (Izp¿B≥-

78:-6).-

""A-√-m-lp-hm-Ip-∂p- \n-ßƒ-°v- `q-an-sb- H-cp- B-hm-

k-tI-{μ-hpw- D-]-cn-`m-K-sØ- H-cp- ta¬-]p-c-bp-am-°n-Ø-

∂-h≥'' (Izp¿B≥- 40:-64).-

Cu- h-N-\-ß-sf-√mw- ]-c-∂- `q-an-sb-bm-tWm- kq-Nn-

49


∏n-°p-∂Xv?- sXm-´n¬- ]-c-∂-Xm-tWm?- Io-sgm-Xp-°-s∏-´-

Xn-s‚ Np-a¬- F-∂-]-Z-{]-tbm-Kw- \n-iv-tN-jv-S-am-bn- N-Øp-

In-S-°p-∂- ]-c-∂- `q-an-sb- kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-tWm?- B-

sW-∂v- km-am-\y-_p-≤n-bp-≈-h-cm-cpw- ]-d-bp-I-bn-√.-

hn-ip-≤- Izp¿B-\n¬- `q-an-sb-bpw- B-Im-i-tKm-f-ß-

sf-bpw- kw_‘n-®v- ]-cm-a¿-in-®n-́ p-≈-Xv- A-√m-lp-hn-s‚

A-]m-c-am-b- A-\p-{K-l-Øn-s‚bpw- A-Xp-ey-am-b- I-g-n-hn-

s‚bpw- sX-fn-hp-Iƒ- Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂-Xn-s‚ `m-K-am-

bn-´m-Wv.- F-°m-e-sØ-bpw- a\p-jy¿-°v- A-\p-`-h-th-Zy-

am-Ip-∂-hn-[-Øn¬- C-Xv- hn-h-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m-W-t√m- {]-k-

Iv-Xn-bp-≈-Xv.- ̀ q-an- H-cp- tKm-f-am-sW-¶n-epw- A-Xn-s‚- B-

t]-£n-I-a-m-bn- ]-c-∂- {]-X-e-Øn-s‚ ku-I-cy-ß-fpw- ku-

`mKy-ß-fp-am-W-t√m- a-\pjy-¿- Iq-Sp-X-em-bn- A-\p-̀ -hn-°p-

∂-Xv.- Ir-jn- sN-øp-∂-Xpw- sI-´n-S-ßƒ- D-≠m-°p-∂-Xpw-

C-cn-°p-∂-Xpw- \-S-°p∂-Xpw- I-fn-°p-∂-Xp-sa-√mw- `q-an-

bp-sS- {]-X-e-Øn-s‚ ]-c-∏n-em-Wt√m.- a-s‰m-cp-hn-[-Øn¬-

]-d-™m¬- A-√m-lp- a-\p-jy-\v- \¬-Inb- A-\p-{K-l-ß-

fn-e-[n-I-hpw- B-t]-£n-I-am-bn- ]-c-∏p-≈- ̀ q-an-bn¬sh®m-

Wv- A-h≥- A-\p-̀ -hn-°p-∂-Xv.- A-Xn-\m¬- C-°m-cyw- a-\p-

jys\- Hm¿-an-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\v- th-≠-{X- {]-k-Iv-Xn-bp-≠v.-

`q-an-bp-sS- tKm-fm-Ir-Xn-bp-am-bn- _-‘-s∏-´v- F-√m-h¿-

°pw- A\p-`-h-th-Zy-am-Ip-∂- Im-cyw- cm-hpw- ]-I-epw- am-dn-

am-dn- h-cp-∂-Xm-Wv.- C-Xp-kw-_-‘n-®- hn-ip-≤- Izp¿B-

\n-se- ]-cm-a¿-iw- tKm-fm-IrXn-sb- kq-Nn-∏n-°p-∂- hn-[-

Øn¬-X-s∂-bm-Ip-∂p.-

""B-Im-i-ß-sf-bpw- `q-an-sb-bpw- A-h≥- bm-Ym¿-Y-y-


5050

]q¿-h-w- krjv-Sn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.- cm-{Xn-sb- A-h≥- ]-I-en-

t∑¬- Np-‰n-°p-∂p.- ]-I-ens\- cm-{Xn-bn-t∑-epw- Np-‰n-°p-

∂p.- kq-cy-s\-bpw- N-{μ-s\-bpw- Ah≥- \n-b-{¥-W-hn-t[-

b-am-°p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xn-cn-°p-∂p.- F-√mw- \n-iv-NnX-am-b-

]-cn-[n-h-sc- k-©-cn-°p-∂p.- A-dn-bp-I.- A-h-\-s{X- {]-

Xm-]nbpw- G-sd- s]m-dp-°p-∂-h-\pw'' (Izp¿B≥- 39:-5).-

{]-Im-i-hpw- C-cp-́ pw- H-cp- tKm-f-Ønt∑¬- I-d-ßn-s°m-

≠n-cn-°p-∂- Zr-iy-am-Wv- Cu- h-N-\-Øn¬- kq-Nn-∏n-°-s∏-

´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.- `q-an- ]-c-∂-Xm-sW-∂- k-¶¬-]-a-\p-k-cn-®v-

cm-hpw- ]-I-epw- Np-‰n-°-d-ßn-h-cp-I- F-∂-Xv- A-Nn-¥y-am-

W-t√m.- D-Z-bm-kv-X-a-b-ß-sf- kw-_-\v[n-®- hn-ip-≤-

Izp¿B-\n-se- ]-cm-a¿-i-ß-fpw- tKm-fm-Ir-Xn-sb- kq-Nn-∏n-

°p-∂-Xp-X-s∂-bm-Ip-∂p.-

""D-Z-bÿm-\Øn-s‚bpw- A-kv-X-a-\-ÿm-\-Øn-

s‚bpw- \mY≥.- A-h-\-√m-sX- bm-sXm-cp- ssZ-h-hp-an-√.-

A-Xn-\m¬- `m-c-ta¬-∏n-°-s∏-tS-≠-h-\m-bn- A-h-s\- \o-

kzo-I-cn-°p-I''- (Izp¿B≥- 73:-9).-

""c-≠v- D-Z-bÿm-\-ß-fp-sS-bpw- c-≠v- A-kv-X-a-bÿm-

\-ß-fpsS-bpw- \m-Y≥''- (Izp¿B≥- 55:-17).-

""F-∂m¬- (A-t\-Iw-)- D-Z-bÿm-\-ß-fp-sS-bpw- A-kv-

X-a-bÿm-\-ß-fp-sS-bpw- c-£n-Xm-hn-s‚ t]-cn¬- Rm≥-

k-Xyw- sN-bv-Xv- ]d-bp-∂p.- A-h-sc-°mƒ- \-√-h-sc- ]-I-

cw- sIm-≠p-h-cm≥- Xo¿-®bm-bpw- \mw- I-gn-hp-≈-h-\m-

sW-∂v''- (Izp¿B≥- 70:-40).-

H-cp- ÿn-c-am-b- ÿm-\-Øp-\n-∂v- D-Z-b-hpw- A-kv-X-a-

\-hpw- \nco-£n-°p-∂- hy-Iv-Xn-°v- X-s‚ ÿm-\-Øp-\n-

51


∂v- \n-iv-Nn-XZq-c-ap-≈- N-{I-hm-f-ß-fm-Wv- D-Z-bm-kv-X-a-b-

ÿm-\-ß-fm-bn- A-\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.- F-∂m¬- c-≠v- A¿-

≤tKm-f-ß-fn-se- c-≠v- \n-iv-Nn-Xÿm-\-ß-fn¬-\n-∂v- \n-

co-£n-°p-∂- hy-Iv-Xn-Iƒ-°v- c-≠p-ho-Xw- D-Z-bm-kv-X-a-\-

ÿm-\-ßƒ- D-≈-Xm-bn- A-\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂p.- `q-an-bp-sS-

hnhn[- ̀ m-K-ß-fn-se- hy-Xy-kv-X- ÿm-\-ß-fn¬-\n-∂v- A-

t\-Iw- hy-IvXn-Iƒ- \-n-co-£n-°p-∂-]-£w- A-h¿-°v- At\-

Iw- D-Z-bm-kv-X-a-\-ÿm-\-ßƒ- D-≈-Xm-bn- A-\p-`-h-s∏-

Spw.- ̀ q-an- ]-c-∂-Xm-sW∂- k-¶¬-]-{]-Im-cw- D-Z-bm-kv-X-a-

\ÿm-\-ß-fp-sS- Cu- hn-[-Øn-ep≈- ssh-hn-[y-Øn-\-v- {]-

k-Iv-Xn-bn-√-t√m.-

C-\n-bpw- ]-e-cp-sS-bpw- kw-i-b-ßƒ- A-h-ti-jn-t®-

°pw.- c-≠mw-X-c-Øn-se- ]m-T-]p-kv-X-I-Øn¬- ]-d-bp-∂-

A-tX- ssi-enbn¬- Ip´n-I-tf- `q-an- D-cp-≠-Xm-Ip-∂p- F-

∂v- ]-S-®-h-\v- ]-d-™p-Iq-Sm-bn-cpt∂m- F-∂m-bn-cn-°pw- Nn-

e-cp-sS- kw-i-bw.- C-∂pw- H-cp- I-Sw-I-Y-bm-bn- Xp-S-cp-∂-

`q-K¿-`-sØ-∏-‰n- Ir-Xy-am-b- hn-h-c-ßƒ- Izp¿B-\n-eq-sS-

\¬-In-°q-tS- F-∂pw- tNm-Zy-ap-b-cmw.- a-\p-jy-\v- kz-bw-

I-s≠-Øm≥- I-gn-bp-∂- ̀ u-Xn-Ihn-Pv-Rm-\-ßƒ- P-\-a[y-

Øn¬- F-Øn-°p-I- F∂-X-√- {]-Xyp-X- `u-Xn-I]m-Wv-

Un-Xy-hpw- hn-`-h-ti-jn-bpw- F√mw- D-≠m-bn-´pw- [m¿-an-I-

am-bn- A-[x-]-Xn-®v- t]m-Ip-∂- a-\p-jy¿-°v- t\¿-h-gn- Im-

Wn-°p-I-bm-Wv- hn-ip-≤- Izp¿B-\n-s‚ Zu-Xyw- F-∂-

Imcyw- hn-kv-a-cn-°m-sX-bm-I-Ww- Izp¿B-\n-I- Zr-jv-Sm-¥-

ß-sf- hni-I-e-\w- sN-øp-∂-Xv.-

ap-gp-h≥- \-£-{X-ßƒ-°pw- {K-l-ßƒ-°pw- D-]-{K-l-

ßƒ-°pw- tKm-fmIr-Xn- \¬-In-b- {]-]-©-\m-Y-s\- kw-


5252

_-‘n-s®-Sp-tØm-fw- `q-an-bp-sS- tKm-fm-Ir-Xn- {]-tXy-Iw-

F-Sp-Øp-]-d-tb-≠- H-cp- hnjb-a-√-t√m.- H-cp- J--tK-m-fim-

kv-{X-Pv-R-s\- kw-_-‘n-®n-S-tØm-f-hpw- `q-an-bp-sS- tKm-

fm-Ir-Xn- hn-kv-a-bm-h-l-am-b- H-cp- {]-Xn-`m-k-sam-∂p-a-√.-

F-∂m¬- ̀ q-an-bn¬- am-{Xw- {]-]-©-\m-Y≥- kw-hn-[m-\n-®-

khn-ti-j- ku-I-cy-ßƒ- F-√m-h-cp-sS-bpw- N-n-¥-°v- hn-

j-bo-̀ hn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.- a-\p-jy-Po-hn-Xw- B- ku-I-cy-ß-

fp-sS- A-̀ m-h-Øn¬- A-km-[y-am-bn-cn-°pw.- A-X-p-sIm-≠p-

X-s∂- A-h- H-cp-°n-Ø-∂- {kjv-Sm-hn-\v- a-\p-jy≥- F-{X-

\-μn- tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn-bm-epw- a-Xn-bmIn-√.- Cu- cw-K-Øm-

Wv- Izp¿B≥- Du-∂¬- \¬-Ip-∂-Xv.-

`q-an-bp-sS- k-hn-ti-j-X-Iƒ-

`q-an-sb- a-‰v- {K-l-ß-fn¬-\n-∂v- hy-X-y-kv-X-am-°n- \n¿-

Øp-∂- khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ- F-s¥m-s°-bm-Wv?-

""kw-c-£n-X-am-b- ta¬-∏p-c-''- (Izp¿B≥- 21:-33)- F-∂v-

hn-ip-≤- Jp¿B≥- hn-ti-jn-∏n-°p-∂- A-¥-co-£- ta-em-

∏v- ap-tJ-\- ̀ q-an-bn¬- Po-hn-Xw- kw-c-£n-°-s∏-́ n-cn-°p-∂p-

sh-∂-Xm-Wv- ̀ q-an-bp-sS- au-en-I-am-b- k-hn-ti-j-X-I-fn-sem-

∂v.- a-‰v- {K-l-ß-fn-tem- N-{μ-\n-tem- A-Øc-sam-cp- km-l-

N-cy-an-√.- {]m-W-hm-bp-hn-s‚ A-`m-hw,- am-c-I-am-b- hn-In-

c-W-ßƒ,- D¬-°-Iƒ- F-√mw- tN¿-∂v- a-‰v- {K-l-ß-fn¬-

Po-hn-Xw- A-km-[y-am-°p-tºmƒ- A-\n-X-c-am-b- A-¥-co-

£-a-Wv-U-ew- _m-ly-{]-]-©-Øn¬-\n-∂v- h-cp-∂- hn-]-

Øp-I-sf- XS™p-\n¿-Øn- ̀ q-an-sb- kw-c-£n-°p-∂p-;- {]m-

W-hm-bp- ap-tJ-\- Poh≥- \n-e-\n¿-Øp-∂p.-

Secrets of Space F-∂- {K-\v-Y-Øn¬- Anthony feldman

53


]-d-bp∂p:-

The atmosphere performs two vital roles, It provides anocean of air that enables living creatures to breath and italso acts as a shield against some of the worst hazards ofspace.

Although everyone can immediatly appreciate the im-portance of air to breath it is more difficult to imagine thecanopy of atmosphere as an important roof of over people'sheads. But at every moment the atmosphere is sheilding usfrom lethal radiation from the Sun.

""A-¥-co-£-Øn-\v- \n¿-Wm-b-I-am-b- c-≠v- [¿-a-ßƒ-

\n¿-h-ln-°m-\p-≠v.- Po-hn-I-fp-sS- izm-tkm-Nv-Om-k-Øn-\m-

bn- A-Xv- hm-bphn-s‚ H-cp- k-ap-{Zw- X-s∂- H-cp-°p-∂p.-

A-Xn-\v- ]p-d-sa- _m-lym-Im-i-Øn-se- N-n-e- sIm-Spw-Zp-c-

¥-ß-fn¬-\n-∂v- Im-Øp-c-£n-°p-∂- Hcp- I-h-N-am-bpw- A-

Xv- {]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂p.-

""iz-kn-°m-\p-≈- hm-bp-hn-s‚ {]m-[m-\yw- G-sXm-

cmƒ°pw- s] s´-∂v- a-\-kn-em-Ip-sa-¶n-epw- P-\-ß-fp-sS-

X-e-°v- ao-sX- \n-e-sIm-≈p-∂- A-Xy-¥w- {]m-[m-\y-ap-≈-

H-cp- ta¬-∏p-c- F-∂- \n-e-bn¬- A-¥-co-£ta-em-∏n-s\-

hn-̀ m-h-\w- sN-øm≥- {]-bm-kw- tXm-∂n-tb-°mw.- F-∂m¬-

Hm-tcm- \n-an-j-Øn-epw- kq-cy-\n¬-\n-∂p-≈- am-c-I-am-b- hn-

In-c-W-ßƒ-s°-Xn-sc- A-¥-co-£w- \-ap-s°m-cp- I-h-N-

ambn- h¿-Øn-°p-∂p''.- (Secrets of Space-Aldus Books Lon-don P.O.86)


5454

`qan-sb-∂- sa-Ø-

""`q-an-sb- \n-ßƒ-°v- sa-Ø-bm-°n-Ø-∂n-cn-°p-∂p''-

(Izp¿B≥ 2:-22)- F∂- h-N-\-sØ-bpw- B-[p-\n-I-\n-K-a-

\-ß-fp-sS- sh-fn-®-Øn-em-Wv- hne-bn-cp-tØ-≠-Xv.- am-c-I-

am-b- c-iv-an-I-tf¬-°m-sX, D¬-°m-\n-]m-X-sØ- `-b-s∏-

Sm-sX,- H-cp- Hm-Iv-kn-P≥- kn-en-≠¿- Iq-sS-sIm-≠p-t]m-Im-

sX,- ̀ m-c-k-¥p-e-\w- \n-e-\n¿-Øn-s°m-≠v,- \n-b-{¥n-X-am-

b- Dujv-am-hn¬- a-e¿-∂p-In-S-∂v- H-∂v- hn-{i-an-°m-\p-≈-

{]-Ir-Xn-Z-Ø-am-b- sa-Ø- ku-c-bq-Y-Øn¬- ̀ q-ap-J-Øv- am-

{X-am-Wp-≈-Xv.- ̀ q-an- Po-hPm-e-ßƒ-°v- h-k-Xn-bm-bpw- hn-

{i-a-ÿ-e-am-bpw- kw-hn-[m-\n-°-s∏-´-t∏mƒ- F-{X-am-{Xw-

I-Wn-i-am-b- ]-cn-ÿn-Xn- \n-b-{¥-W-ßƒ- ]m-en-°-s∏-´n-

´p-s≠-∂v- im-kv-{Xw- C-t∏m-gpw- hn-e-bn-cp-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-

°p-I-bm-Wv.-

sh-≈w,- sh-≈w- k¿-Δ-{X,- ]-t£........-

hm-bp-t]m-se- X-s∂- \-ap-°v- ]-cn-Nn-X-am-Wv- sh-≈-hpw.-

F-∂m¬- {]-]-©-Øn-se- A-Xp-ey-am-b- bu-Kn-I-fn-sem-

∂m-Wv- sh-≈w.- \Ωp-sS- X-e-°v- ap-I-fn¬- a-g-bm-bn- sNm-

cn-bp-∂,- P-em-i-b-ß-fn¬- kw`-cn-°m-hp-∂- sh-≈w- C-

√m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n-¬- Cu- `q-an-bn¬- Po-h≥- \ne-\n¬-°n-√m-

bn-cp-∂p.- {Z-h-ambpw- J-c-am-bpw- hm-X-I-am-bpw- amdn- Poh-

Pm-e-ß-fp-sS- hnhn-[- B-h-iy-ßƒ- \n-d-th-‰p-∂- Im-em-

h-ÿ-sb- B-sI- \n-b-{¥n-°p-∂- kz-m-`m-hn-I- hm-Xm-\p-

Iq-e-Øn-\v- k-lm-bn°p-∂- Water Cycle A-Y-hm- P-e-N-

{Iw- F-ß-s\- \n-b-{¥n-°-s∏-Sp∂p?- C-∂pw- D-Ø-cw-In-

´m-Ø- k-a-ky-bm-Wv- Im-em-h-ÿ-bp-sS- K-Xn-hnK-Xn-Iƒ.-

55


""`q-an-sb- a-\p-jy-s‚ I-fn-sØm-´n-em-°p-∂-Xn¬''-

(Izp¿B≥-78:-6)-

ap-Jy- ]-¶p-h-ln-°p-∂- H-cp- L-S-I-a-s{X- sh-≈w.- A-

Xn-s\-∏‰n- hn-ip-≤- Izp¿B≥- ]-d-bp-∂p-:

"-"A-√m-lp-hm-Wv- A-h-s‚ Im-cpWy-Øn-s‚ ap-t∂m-

Sn-bm-bn- Im-‰p-I-sf- A-b-°p-∂-h≥.- H-Sp-hn¬- P-e-`m-cw-

Xn-ßp-∂- ta-L-sØ- A-h- h-ln-°p-tºmƒ- ar-X-{]m-bam-

b- H-cp- {]-tZ-i-tØ-°v- A-Xn-s\- \mw- \-bn-°p-I-bpw- A-

ß-s\- AXp-aq-ew- \mw- sh-≈w- sNm-cn-bp-I-bpw- F-√m-

Ø-cw- Im-bv-I-\n-Ifpw- \mw- A-Xp-aq-ew- D¬-]m-Zn-∏n-°p-

I-bpw- sN-øp-∂p.- A-{]-Im-c-am-Wv- a-cn-®-h-sc-bpw- \mw-

]p-d-Øp-sIm-≠p-h-cp-∂-Xv.- \n-ßƒ- kv-a-cn-°p∂-h-cm-sb-

¶n¬''- (Izp¿B≥ 7:-57).-

Im-e-h¿-j-°m-‰v,- a-g,- \-Zn-Iƒ,- k-ap-{Z-ßƒ- C-h-sb-

√mw-sIm≠v- A-\p-{K-lo-X-am-b- H-tc-sbm-cp- {K-lw- `q-an-

bm-Wv.- _p-[-{K-l-Øn¬- A-¥-co-£-ta- C-√.- ip-{I-\n¬-

A-¥-co-£-ap-s≠-¶n-epw- A-Xv- Im¿ _¨,- kƒ-^¿- Hm-

Iv-ssk-Up-I-fp-sS- H-cp- an-{in-Xw- am-{X-a-s{X.- sNm-Δ-bp-sS-

A-¥-co-£-Øn¬- P-emw-i-ap-s≠-¶n-epw- A-hn-sS-bpw- P-

e-N-{Iw- cq-]w-sIm-≠n-´n-√.- hym-g-Øn¬- ssl-t{Um-kƒ-

ss -̂Un-s‚bpw- A-tam-Wn-bw- {I-n-kv-‰-ep-I-fp-sS-bpw- ssl-

{U-P-s‚bpw- Iq-sS- ln-a-I-W-ß-fp-s≠-¶n-epw- a-g-bpw- P-

em-i-b-ß-fp-an-√.- ln-a I-h-N-Øn¬- s]m-Xn-™p-In-S-°p-

∂- bq-dm-\-kn-s‚bpw- s\-]v-‰yq-Wn-s‚bpw- A-¥-co-£-

Øn¬- ao-sX-bv-\m-Wp-≈-Xv.-

Im-‰n-s\-bpw- a-g-sb-bpw- `q-K¿-`-P-e-sØ-bpw- ]-‰n- hy-


5656

Iv-X-am-b- Im-gv-N-∏m-Sv- k-ao-]\q-‰m-≠p-Iƒ-h-sc- im-kv-{X-

Øn-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n√.- Izp¿B-s‚ A-h-X-c-W-Im-e-sØ-

A-d-_n-Iƒ-°v- im-kv-{X-Øn-s‚- _m-e-]m-T-ßƒ- t]m-epw-

A-dn-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.- B- \n-e-°v- Cu- Im-cy-ß-sf-∏-‰n-

B-[p-\n-I- \n-K-a-\-ß-fp-am-bn- tbm-Pn-°p-∂- {]Xn-]m-Z-\-

ß-f-m-Wv- Izp¿-B-\-n-ep-≈-Xv- F-∂- Im-cyw- Izp¿B-s‚

ssZ-hn-I-X-°v- km-£yw- h-ln-°p-∂p.- Im-‰v,- Im¿-ta-Lw,-

C-Sn-bpw- an∂-epw-,- a-g,- `qK¿-`P-ew- C-h-sb- H-cp- Nm-{In-

I{]-{In-b-bp-sS- ̀ m-K-ßfm-bn- hn-ip-≤- Izp¿B≥- A-h-X-

cn-∏n-°p-∂p.-

`q-an-bn-se- {]-tXy-I- Xm-]-\n-e-bm-Wv- a-s‰m-cp- \n¿-Wm-

b-I- LS-Iw.- A-\y-{K-l-ß-fn¬-\n-∂p-am-{X-a-√,- `q-an-bp-

sS- D-]-{K-l-am-b- N{μ-\n¬-\n-∂p-t]m-epw- hy-Xy-kv-X-am-

bn- ̀ q-an-bp-sS- D-]-cn-X-e-Øn-\v- k¥p-e-n-X-am-b- Du-jv-am-hv-

\¬-I-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p.- A-¥-co-£-Øn-se-bpw- ̀ q-K¿`-Øn-

se-bpw- k-hn-ti-j- km-l-N-cy-ß-fm-Wv- C-Xn\v- k-lm-

bn-°p-∂-Xv.- X-Wp-Øp-d-bp-I-tbm- Np-s´-cn-bp-I-tbm- sN-

øm-Ø- Du-jv-a-f-am-b- H-cp- sa-Ø-bs{X- Cu- A¿-Y-Øn¬-

`q-X-ew.- cm-{Xn-Im-e-ß-fn¬- N-t{μm-]-cn-X-e-Øn-se- Xm-]w-

K-Wy-am-bn- Ip-dbp-tºmƒ- `qan-bn¬- A-ß-s\- kw-`-hn-

°p-∂n-√.- ̀ q-K¿-̀ -Xm-]w- D-]-cn-X-e-Øn-te-°v- t\-cn-b- tXm-

Xn¬- kw-{I-an-°p-∂-Xm-Wv- C-Xn-\v- Im-c-Ww.- ]-I¬- k-a-

b-Øv- A-¥-co-£-]m-fn-Iƒ- k-q-cy-c-iv-an-I-sf- A-cn-s®-Sp-

Øv- ip-≤o-I-cn-°p-I-bpw- sa-cp-°n-sb-Sp-Øv- ]m-I-s∏-SpØp-

I-bpw- sN-øp-∂p.-

kq-cy-\p-am-bp-≈- A-I-e-Øn¬- ̀ q-an-bp-tS-Xn¬-\n-∂pw-

57


h-f-scsbm-∂pw- ̀ n-∂-a-√m-Ø- ÿm-\-am-Wv- N-{μ-t‚Xv.- ]-

t£,- N-t{μm-]-cn-X-ew- H-cn-°-epw- Po-h-Pm-e-ßƒ-°v- sa-

Ø-sbm-cp-°p-I-bn-s√-∂m-Wv- F-√m- im-kv-{X\n-K-a-\-ß-

fpw- Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂-Xv.- sh-≈an-√m-Ø,- Im-¥-h-e-bw-

Zp¿-_-e-am-b- N-t{μm-]-{K-lw- Xm-]-\n-e-bnepw- `q-an-bn¬-

\n-∂v- h-f-sc- `n-∂-am-Wv.-

N-{μ-s‚ a-[y-tc-Jm-{]-tZ-i-Øv- \´p-®-k-a-b-sØ- Xm-

]w- G-I tZ-iw- 1340cbpw- A¿-≤-cm-{Xn-bn¬- -˛1530cbpw

B-Ip-∂p.- A-sX- s]mcn-bp-∂- D-®-bpw- X-Wp-Øp-d-bp-∂-

cm-{Xn-bpw.- ssSw- A-‰v-e-kv- tc-J s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv- Im-Wp-

I-:-

That the Earth and Moon are very different world isbeyond doubt. But how they evolved so differently is still amatter for conjecture (Time Atlas 6th Edn. 1980)

""`q-an-bpw- N-{μ-\pw- h-f-sc- hn-`n-∂-am-b- tem-I-ß-fm-

Ip-∂p- F∂- h-kv-Xp-X- kw-i-bm-Xo-X-a-s{X.- ]-s£,- C-

{X-bpw- hy-Xym-k-ap-≈-Xm-bn- A-h- F-ß-s\- ]-cn-W-an-®p-

F-∂- hn-j-b-sØ- ]-‰n- C-t∏mgpw- Du-ln-°m-t\- I-gn-bq''.-

]¿-h-X-ßƒ- `q-an-bp-sS- B-Wn-Iƒ-

""\mw- `q-an-sb- sXm-´n-epw- ]¿-Δ-X-ß-sf- B-Wn-I-fp-

am-°n-bn-t√?''- (Izp¿B≥- 78:-7)-

]p-cm-X-\- A-d-_n-Iƒ-t°m- a-‰v- P-\-hn-`m-K-ßƒ-t°m-

]¿-h-Xßƒ- ̀ q-an-bp-sS- B-Wn-I-fm-sW-∂- [m-c-W- D-≠m-

bn-cp-∂n-√.- A-hcp-sS- Ir-Xn-I-fn-sem-∂pw- ]¿-h-X-sØ-]-

‰n- A-ß-s\-sbm-cp- ho-£Ww- Im-W-s∏-Sp-∂n-√.- A-Xp-


5858

sIm-≠v- X-s∂- D-]-cyp-Iv-X- Izp¿B≥- kq-Iv-X-sØ- im-

kv-{Xo-bm-S-n-ÿm-\-an-√m-Ø- H-cp- {]-kv-Xm-ham-bn- ]-e-cpw-

Nn-{Xo-I-cn-®n-́ p-≠v.-

F-∂m¬- `q-K¿-`-im-kv-{X- cw-K-sØ- B-[p-\n-I- K-th-

j-W-ßƒ- sX-fn-bn-°p-∂-Xv- ]¿-h-X-ßƒ- `q-an-sb- kw-

_-‘n-®n-S-tØm-fw- GX¿-Y-Øn-epw- B-Wn-I-fm-sW-∂m-

Wv.-

`q-K¿-̀ -im-kv-{X-Øn-se- H-cp- B-[n-Im-cn-I- {K-\v-Y-Øn¬-

tc-Js∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv- t\m-°p-I-:-

The failure of certain earth quake waves to pass beneathhuge granitic ranges and reduced attraction of gravity nearsuch mountain masses suggest that those mountains reachdown to considerable depths-having roots as it were, in theunderlying basalt like an iceberg's their submerged part isgreater than their exposed parts. The granitic zone undermountains may be as much as four times as thick as it isunder plains.

(Geolog Richard M. pearl 3rd Edn 1966 published byBarnes & noble. Newyork)

""I-\-Ø- I-cn-ºm-d-I-fp-≈- ta-J-e-Iƒ-°n-S-bn-eq-sS- ̀ q-

I-º- Xcw-K-ßƒ-°v- I-S-∂p-t]m-Im≥- I-gn-bp-∂n-√- F-∂-

Xpw- A-Ø-cw- ]¿h--X-`m-K-ßƒ-°-Sp-Øv- Kp-cp-Xzm-I¿-j-

Ww- Ip-d-bp-∂p-sh-∂-Xpw- kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv- B- ]¿-h-X-

ßƒ- K-Wy-am-b- Af-hn¬- D-≈n-te-°v- B≠p-In-S-°p-∂p-

sh-∂m-Wvv- A-Y-hm- A-Snbn¬- ÿn-Xn-sN-øp-∂- _-kmƒ-

´n¬- sN-‰p-ap-´p-∂- th-cp-Iƒ- A-h-bv-°p-s≠-∂m-Wv.- H-cp-

sF-kv- _¿Kn-s‚ (ln-am-\n-bp-sS) s]m-ßn-°m-Wp-∂- ̀ m-

59


K-tØ-°mƒ- F-{X-tbm- h-ep-Xm-bn-cn-°pw- ap-ß-n-°n-S-°p-

∂- ̀ m-K-sa-∂-t]m-se ]¿-h-X-ßƒ-°v- Io-gn-ep-≈- I-cn-ºm-

d- ta-J-e- k-a-X-e-ßƒ°v- Io-sg-bp-≈-Xn-s‚ \m-en-c-´n-

tbm-fw- I-\-ap-≈-X-m-bn-cn-°pw''.-

`q-an-bp-sS- k-¥p-en-X-Xz-Øn¬- ]¿-h-X-ßƒ-°p-≈- ]-

¶m-Wv- hnip-≤- Izp¿B≥- ssZ-hn-IZr-jv-Sm-¥sa-∂- \n-e-

bn¬- Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂- a-s‰m-cp- Im-cyw.- C-∂pw- A-]-

Iz-a-Xn-I-fm-b- hn-a¿-i-I-∑m¿- X-≈n-∏-dbm-dp-≈- Cu- ssZ-

hn-IZr-jv-Sm-¥-sØ- km-£y-s∏-Sp-Xp-∂- hn-[-Øn-em-Wv- B-

[p-\n-I- K-th-j-W-ßƒ- \o-ßp-∂-Xv.-

""`q-an-bn¬- \mw- D-d-®p-\n¬-°p-∂- ]¿-h-X-ß-fp-≠m-

°n-bn-cn-°p∂p-.- `q-an- A-h-sc-bpw sIm-≠v- \o-ßnt∏m-

Im-Xn-cn-°m≥''- (Izp¿B≥- 21:-31).-

a-‰v- A-t\-Iw- h-m-Iy-ß-fn-epw- ]¿-h-X-ßƒ- \¬-Ip-∂-

kp-ÿnc-X- Izp¿B≥- Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂p≠v.-

`q-I-º-X-cw-K-ß-sf-bpw- `q-`m-K-{`w-i-ß-sf-bpw- `q-K¿-`-

N-e-\-ß-sf-bpw- ]-‰n-bp-≈- B-[p-\n-I]-T-\-ßƒ- hn-ip-

≤- Izp¿B-\n-s‚ A-h-X-c-W-Im-e-Øv- tem-I-Øn-\v- A-

Pv-Rm-X-am-bn-cp-∂- [m-cm-fw- h-kv-Xp-X-Iƒ- sh-fn-®-Øv- sIm-

≠p-h-∂n-´p-≠v.- A-h-bn¬- ]-e-Xpw- ]¿-h-X-ß-sf-∏-‰n-bp-

≈- Izp¿B-\n-I- ]-cm-a¿-i-ß-fpsS- k-Xy-X-bnte-°v- hn-

c¬- Nq-≠p-∂-X-s{X.-

`q-I-º-X-cw-K-ß-fp-sS- th-K-X-sb- \n-b-{¥n-®p-sIm-≠pw,-

`q-tKm-f-Øn-s‚ B-¥-cn-I-hpw- _m-ly-hpam-b- L-S-\- ]-

cn-c-£n-°p-∂-Xn¬- ]¿-h-X-ßƒ- h-ln-°p-∂- ]-¶v- `q-K¿-

`-im-kv-{Xw- B-[p-\n-I- km-t¶-Xn-I- hn-Zy-bp-sS- k-lm-b-


6060

tØm-sS- C-∂v- kq-£v-a-am-bn- hne-bn-cp-Øns°m-≠n-cn-

°p-I-bm-Wv.- Zn-hy-Z¿-i-\-Øns‚ A-`m-h-Øn¬- 1400 h¿-

jw-ap-ºv- H-cp- hy-Iv-Xn-°v- Cu- hn-j-bw- ]-cm-a¿-in-°m≥-

Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.-

`q-tKm-fw- Izp¿B-\n¬-

K-eo-en-tbm- K-eo-en-bm-Wv- `q-an- D-cp-≠-Xm-sW-∂v- {]-

kv-Xm-hn-®- B-Zyhy-Iv-Xn-sb-∂pw- A-t±-l-Øn-\v- ap-ºv- F-

√m-h-cpw- [-cn-®n-cp∂-Xv- ̀ q-an- ]-c-∂-Xm-sW-∂p-am-bn-cp-∂p-

sh-∂pw- ]-e-cpw- H-gp-°≥-a-́ n¬- ]-d-bmdp-≠v.- Izp¿B-\n¬-

]-c-∂- ̀ q-an-sb-∏-‰n-bm-Wv- ]-d-™n-´p-≈-sX-∂pw- ap-kv-enw-

I-sfm-s°- ̀ q-an- ]-c∂Xm-sW-∂m-bn-cp-∂p- [-cn-®n-cp-∂-sX-

∂pw- C-kv-emw- hn-cp-≤¿- ]-d-™p-\-S-°m-dp-≠v.- C-°q´¿-

hn-ip-≤- Izp¿Bs\-∏-‰n-bpw- ap-kv-enw- N-cn-{X-sØ-∏-‰n-bpw-

A-Pv-R-cm-sW-∂v- am-{X-a-√,- s]m-Xp-hn-Pv-Rm-\-Øn¬-t]m-

epw- ]-cnXm-]-Ic-amw-hn-[w- ]n-t∂m-°-am-sW-∂m-Wv- sX-

fn-bn-°p-∂-Xv.-

k-l-{km-_v-Z-ßƒ-°v- ap-ºp-X-s∂- Cu-Pn-]v-‰p-Im-cpw-

tdm-am-°mcpw- a-‰pw- 3651/4 Zn-h-k-ap-≈- ku-c-h¿jw- K-

Wn-®n-cp-∂p-sh-∂v- Ncn-{X-Øn-s‚ _m-e-]m-T-sa-¶n-epw- ]-

Tn-®-h¿-s°m-s°- A-dn-bmw.- Ipsd- {]mh-iyw- ss\¬- \-

Zn-bn¬- ]-c-am-h-[n- sh-≈w- I-b--dp-∂- Znh-k-ßƒ- \n-co-

£n-®n-´v- A-Ø-cw- c-≠v- Zn-h-kßƒ- X-Ωn-ep-≈- A-I-ew-

I-W-°m-°n- A-Xn-s‚ i-cm-i-cn- K-Wn-®n-´m-Wv- 3651/4 F-

∂- D-Ø-cw- In-´nbsX-∂v- `u-Xn-I-hm-Zn-bm-b- H-cp- \-c-hw-

i- imkv-{X-Pv-R≥- tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn-°-≠p.- Pq-en-b≥- I-e-

≠¿- cq-]w-sIm-≠Xv- F-hn-sS- sh-≈w- I-b-dn-b-Xn-s‚ I-

61


W-°p-t\m-°n-bn-´m-sW-∂v- B-cpw- F-hn-sS-bpw- F-gpXn-

°-≠n-√.- `q-an- kq-cy-\v- Np-‰pw- H-cp- {]Z£n-Ww- ]q¿-Øn-

bm-°m-s\-Sp-°p-∂- k-a-b-Øn-\v- Xp-ey-am-b- H-cp-h¿-jw-

I-Wn-i-am-bn- K-Wn-®-h¿- ]m-b- t]m-se-tbm- ]-∏-Sw- t]m-

se-tbm- D-≈- ̀ q-an-sb- a-\-kn¬- I≠p-sIm-≠m-Wv- A-ß-

s\- sN-bv-X-sX-∂v- hm-Zn-°m≥- \n-jv-]-£-a-Xn-Iƒ-°v- km-

[y-a-√.- K-eo-en-tbm- ]n-d-°p-∂-Xn-\v- \q-‰m-≠p-Iƒ-°v- ap-

ºp-X-s∂- ap-kv-enwim-kv-{X-⁄-∑m-cpw- a-X-]-Wv-Un-X-∑m-

cpw- `q-an-bpsS- tKm-fm-Ir-Xn-sb-∏-‰n- tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-

≠v.-

Any how, the fact of the earth being a sphere of verysmall dimensions in comparison to the size of the universewas accepted without a position by every Arabian Scholar,and the very first scientific work undertaken after the vise ofAstronomy among them was a determination of the size ofthe earth. It was carried out by order of Khalif Al-Mamoonin the plane Palmyra according to the account given by IbnJunus that the length of a degree was measured by two ob-servers between Wamia and Tadmoor and by two others inanother locality we are not tole where. The first measuregiven a degree equal to 57, and second one equal to 56.25Arabian milesof 4000 black cubits, and the approximatemean 3652/3 -miles was adopted as the final research. Thecricumference of the earth being 20400 miles and the diam-eter 6500 miles.

(A History of Astronomy from Thales to Kepler by IleDreyar. 2nd Edn.Dover Publication, New york)

""{]-]-©-hp-am-bn- Xp-e-\w- sN-øp-tºmƒ- h-f-sc- sN-dn-


6262

b- ]-cn-amWw-- am-{X-ap-≈- H-cp- tKm-f-am-Wv- `q-ansb-∂- h-

kv-Xp-X- G-tXm- hn[-Øn¬- A-td-_y≥- ]-Wv-Un-X-∑m¿-

°n-S-bn¬- A-\n-tj-[y-am-b- kzoIm-cyX- t\-Sn-°-gn-™n-

cp-∂p.- A-h¿-°n-S-bn¬- tPym-Xn-im-kv-{X-Øn-s‚ D-Z-v-K-Xn-

sb-Xp-S¿-∂v- BZy-am-bn- \S-Ø-s∏-´- im-kv-{Xo-b- kw-cw-

`w- ̀ -q-an-bp-sS- h-en-∏w- \n¿-W-bn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.- ]m¬an-

dm- k-a-X-eØn¬- J-eo-̂ m- am-aq-p-s‚ D-Ø-c-hv- {]-Im-c-am-

Wv- AXv- \-S-∂-Xv.- C-_v-\p-bq-\p-kv- \¬-In-bn-´p-≈- hn-h-

c-ß-f\p-k-cn-®v- A∂v- \m-ev- \n-co-£-I-∑m¿- tN¿-∂v- H-cp-

Un-{Kn-bp-sS- ssZ¿-Lyw- A-f°p-I-bm-Wv- sN-bv-XXv.- c-≠p-

t]¿- hm-an-bv-°pw- X-Zv-aq-dn-\pw- C-S-°pw,- a-‰v- c-≠p-t]¿- tc-

J-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-´n-´n-√m-Ø- a-s‰m-cp- ta-J-e-bn-ep-am-Wv- A-

f-hp-I-sf-Sp-Ø-Xv.- B-Zyw- In-́ n-b- A-f-h-\p-k-cn-®v- H-cp- Un-

{Kn- 57 A-td-_y≥- \m-gnI-°v- Xp-ey-am-bn-cp-∂p.- c-≠m-a-Xv-

In-́ nb- A-f-h-\p-k-cn-®v- 56.-25\m-gn-I-bpw.- 4000ap-g-a-s{X- H-

cp- A-td_y≥- \m-gn-I.- A-¥n-a- hn-i-I-e-\-Øn¬- c-≠v-

A-f-hp-I-fp-sS-bpw- Iq-Sn- G-ItZ-i- i-cm-i-cn- 3651/3 \mgn-

I- H-cp- Un-{Kn-bp-sS- ssZ¿-Ly-am-bn- Aw-Ko-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-

∂p.- A-ß-s\- `q-an-bp-sS- Np-‰-f-hv- 20400 \mgn-I-bm-bpw-

hym-kw- 6500 \m-gn-I-bm-bpw- K-Wn-°-s∏-´p''- (tPym-Xn-im-

kv-{X- N-cn-{Xw- sX-bv¬-kv- apX¬- sI-π¿- h-sc).-

`q-an-sb- H-cp- tKm-f-am-bn- I-≠-p-sIm-≠v- C-kv-em-an-s‚

{]-`m-h Im-e-Øv- (tIm-∏¿- \n-°-kpw- K-eoentbmbpw- P-

\n-°p-∂-Xn-\v- \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ-°v- ap-ºv) \-S-Ø-s∏-´- \n-co-

£-W- K-th-j-W-ß-fp-sS- sNdnsbm-cw-iw- am-{X-am-Wv- Cu-

D-≤-c-Wn-bn¬- Nq-≠n-°m-Wn-°-s∏-´Xv.- hn-ip-≤- Izp¿B-

\n-s‚ ssZ-hn-I-X-bn¬ ]q¿-W-am-bn- hn-izm-k-a¿-∏n-®n-cp-

63


∂-h¿- X-s∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p- Cu- K-th-j-W-ß-fn-te¿-s∏-´n-

cp-∂-Xv.- ̀ q-an- tKm-fm-Ir-Xn-b-m-bn-cn-°p-I- F-∂-Xv- Izp¿B-

\v- hn-cp-≤-am-sW-∂v- A-h-tcm- A-h-cp-sS- k-a-Im-en-I-cm-

b- apkv-enw- ]-WvUn-X-∑m-tcm- \n-cq-]n-°p-I-t]m-epw- sN-

bv-Xn-́ n-√.-

X-s∂-bp-a-√- kq-cy-N-{μ-∑m-sc-bpw- cm-∏-I-ep-I-sf-bpw-

]-‰n- {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂- k-μ¿-`-ß-fn¬- hn-ip-≤- Izp¿B≥-

- kzo-I-cn-®n-´p-≈- ssien- hy-Iv-X-am-bpw- tKmfm-Ir-Xn-sb-

Ip-dn-°p-∂-Xm-sW-∂- Imcy-Øn¬- ap-kv-enw- k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-

se- {]-ap-J- ]-Wv-Un-X-∑m¿-°v- X¿-°-an-s√-∂v- am-k-∏n-d-

hn-sb-∏-‰n-bp-≈- H-cp- eLp-Ir-Xn-bn¬- ssiJp¬- C-kv-

emw- C-_v-\p-ssX-an-ø - kv-]-jv-S-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v.- {]ap-J-

Izp¿B≥- hym-JymXmhm-b- C-amw- dm-kn- bpw- C-°m-

cyw- A-k∂n-Kv-≤-am-bn- Xp-d-∂v- ]-d-™n-́ p-≠v.- C-_v-\p-ssX-

an-b- bpw- Camw- dmkn- bpw- \-thm-∞m-\-Im-e-Øn-\v- F-

{X-tbm- ap-ºv- C-kv-em-an-I- hn-⁄m-\o-b-ß-fp-sS- sh-fn-

®Øn¬- Im-cy-ßƒ- t\m-°n-°-≠- ]-Wv-Un-X∑m-c-s{X.-

hn-ip-≤- Izp¿B-\n-s‚ A-am-\p-jn-I-X-°p-≈- Hm-tcm-

sX-fnhpw- A-]-{K-Yn-®v- Cu- e-Lp-Ir-Xn- hen®p-\o-´m-\p-

t±-in-°p-∂n-√.-

a-\p-jy-sc-∏-‰n-bpw- {]-]-©-sØ-∏-‰n-bpw- a-\p-jy-s‚ ]-

X-\-Øn\pw- D¬-I¿-j-Øn-\pw- \n-Zm-\-am-b- au-en-I- h-

kv-Xp-X-I-sf-∏-‰n-bpw- hn-ip-≤- Izp¿B≥- A-h-X-cn-∏n-°p-

∂- B-i-b-ßƒ- tI-hew- H-cp- a-\pjy-s‚ Nn-¥-I-fm-bn-

cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬- A-h- H-cn-°-epw- \nXy-k-Xy-ß-fm-Ip-am-bn-

cp-∂n-√.- Im-e-tZ-i-ßfp-sS- A-Xn¿-h-c-ºp-Iƒ-°-∏p-d-tØ-


6464

°v- A-h- \o-≠p-\n¬-°p-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.- Cu- h-kv-Xp-X- kp-

X-cmw- hy-Iv-Xam-°p-∂-X-s{X- ap-I-fn¬- ]-cm-a¿-in-°-s∏-́ -

sXfn-hp-Iƒ.-

h-m-b-\-°m-tcm-Sv,-

a-\p-jy≥- k-Xyw- kzo-I-cn-°-W-sa-∂v- \n¿-_-‘-an-√.-

]t£,- k-Xyw- F-¥m-sW-∂v- I-≠p-]n-Sn-°m\p-≈- Xm¬-

]-cy-an-√m-bv-a- a\p-jym-kv-Xn-Xz-Øn-\p--X-s∂- A-]-am-\-am-

Wv.- A-Xn-s\- \n-tj-[n-°m≥- im-iz-X- \-c-I-Øn-se-Øp-

∂- ]m-X-I-am-Wv.-

ssZhw- a-\p-jy-\v- hn-th-Nn-°m-\p-≈- I-gn-hv- \¬-In-b-

Xn-\m¬- a-\p-jy≥- h-kv-Xp-\n-jv-T-am-bn- hn-thNn-°p-sa-∂v-

{]-Xo-£n-°p-∂p-sh-∂m-Wv- C-kv-emw- ]-Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.- Nn-

¥n-°p-I,- tNm-Zyw- sN-øpI,- ho-≠pw- Nn-¥n-°p-I.-

C-kv-em-an-s‚ G-sX-¶n-epw- H-cp- A-[ym-]-\w- h-f-sc-

[r-Xn-bn¬- kzo-I-cn-°p-hm≥- B-cpw- Xm-¶-sf- \n¿-_-‘n-

°p-I-bn-√.- Ckv-emw- a-\p-jy-\v- kz-ta-[-bm- Nn-¥n-®v- sX-

c-s™-Sp-°p-hm-\p-≈-k-zm-X-{¥yw- A-\p-h-Zn-°p-∂p.- C-kv-

em-an-s\- ]-‰n- Xm-¶-fp-sS- A-dn-hv- k-a-{K-amtWm- F-∂v- kz-

bw- ]-cn-tim-[n-°p-I.- D≈- A-dn-hv- A-ap-kv-enw- aqe-ß-

fn¬-\n-∂pw- e-`n-®-Xm-tWm- F-∂pw.- A-Ø-cw- aqe-ßƒ-

Hcp-]-s£,- Ckv-em-an-s\- kw-_-‘n-®- `m-Kn-IZr-iy-ß-

fn¬-\n-∂v- cq]-s∏-´-Xpw- h-kv-Xp-\n-jv-T-hpw- {I-a-hp-am-b-

]cntim-[-\-°v- hn-t[-bam-°m-Ø-h-bpw- BIm-\n-S-bp-≈-

h-bm-tWm- F-∂pw- ]-cn-tim-[n-°pI.-

H-cp- ]-Yym-lm-cw- A-Xv- cp-Nn-®p-t\m-°m-Ø-h-cn¬-\n-

∂p-≈- tI´p-tIƒ-hn-bp-sS- A-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬- kzm-Zn-jv-S-

65


am-tWm- F-∂v- Xo-cpam-\n-°p-∂-Xv- \ym-b-bp-Iv-X-am-tWm?-

A-√-t√-m.- A-Xp-t]m-se- C-kvem-ans\- kw-_-‘n-®v- Xm-

¶ƒ- H-cp- A-`n-{]m-bw- cq-]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv- hn-iz-kv-X-am-b-

aq-e-ß-fn¬- \n-∂m-bncn°-Ww.- A-Xv- cp-Nn-®p-t\m-°p-I-

am-{X-a-√- A-Xv- Z-ln-°p-I-bpw- th-Ww,- Xm-¶ƒ- H-cp- A-

`n{]m-bw- cq]s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\v- ap-ºv.- A-Xm-bn-cn-°pw- C-

kv-em-an-t-\m-Sp≈- _p-≤n-am-s‚ k-ao-]-\w.-

Xm-¶ƒ-X-s∂- A-Sp-Ø-]-Sn- sX-c-s™-Sp-°p-I.- sX-c-

s™-Sp-°p-hm-\p-≈- Xm-¶-fp-sS- kzm-X-{¥y-hpw,- ssZ-hw-

\¬-In-b- Xm-¶-fp-sS- Nn-¥m-i-Iv-Xn-bpw- tN-X-\-bpw- D-]-

tbm-Kn-°p-hm-\p-≈ kzm-X-{¥yhpw- B-Zcn-°-s∏-Sp-sa-∂v-

C-kv-emw- \n-c-¥-cw- Xm-¶ƒ-°v- D-d-∏v- X-cp-∂p-sh-∂-Xv- Xm-

¶-sf- k-lm-bn-°pw.- F-√m-a\p-jy¿-°pw- Cu- kzm-X-{¥y-

hm-Rv-O-bp-≠v.- a-s‰m-cmƒ-°pw- A-Xv- Xm-¶-fn¬-\n-∂v- F-

Sp-Øp-I-f-bm≥- A-[n-Im-c-an-√.- k-Xy-Øn-te-°p-≈- Xm-

¶-fp-sS- _p-≤n-]-c-am-b- bm-{X- kp-J-{]-Z-am-°-s´- F-∂pw-

Xm-¶ƒ-°v- tem-I-{k-jvSm-hv- k-Xyw- kzo-I-cn-°m-\p-≈-

sI¬-∏v- \¬-I-s´- F-∂pw- R-ßƒ- B-iw-kn-°p-∂p.-

Xm-¶ƒ-°v- C-kv-em-an-s\- kw-_-‘n-®v- h-kv-Xp-\n-jv-S-

am-bn- ]Tn-°-W-sa-∂v- B-{K-l-ap-s≠-¶n¬- \n-®v- Hm-̂ v- {Sq-

Øn-s\- k-ao-]n°pI.-


6666

kXyØns≥d hnf°pamSw

apgph≥ a\pjycpsSbpw \∑°pw

CltemIsØbpw ]ctemIsØbpw hnPbØn\pambn

{]]©\mY≥ \¬Inb ktμiamWv Ckvemw.

CXv ]n¥pStc≠Xv a\pjycpsS _m[yXbmWv.

c£bnte°pw kam[m\Ønte°pw

im¥nbnte°pamWXv £Wn°p∂Xv.

]ctemI hnPbamWXns≥d e£yw.

AXn\mbn,

GI\mb A√mlpsh am{Xw Bcm[n°pI

Ah≥ aplΩZv \_nbneqsS \¬Inb ktμiw

]n¥pScpI.

Cu kXyØnte°v F√mhscbpw £Wn°p∂p.

_\v[s∏SpI:

NICHE OF TRUTHP.B. N0: 832, Poothole, Thrissur-4.

Tel: 9746547777Email:[email protected]

www.nicheoftruth.org

67
