Hypothesis: An educated guess about the possible relationship
between two or more variables. Hypothesis Variable: A factor or
element that can change in observable and measurable ways. Variable
Operational Definition: A full description of exactly how variables
are defined, how they will be manipulated, and how they will be
measured. Operational Definition
Slide 3
A theory is a based upon a hypothesis and backed by evidence A
theory presents a concept or idea that is testable In science, a
theory is not merely a guess A theory is a fact-based framework for
describing a phenomenon In psychology, theories are used to provide
a model for understanding human thoughts, emotions and
behaviors
Slide 4
A hypothesis is a tentative statement about the relationship
between two or more variables A hypothesis is a specific, testable
prediction about what one expects to happen in a research
study
Slide 5
A psychological theory has two key components: (1) it must
describe a behavior and (2) make predictions about future
behaviors.
Slide 6
Quantitative Qualitative Mixed Methods
Slide 7
Postpositive claims: Cause & effect, measurement &
observations, tests of theories, etc. Experiments Surveys
Predetermined instruments that yield statistical data
Slide 8
Tests or verifies theories or explanations Identifies variables
to study Observes & measures information numerically Uses
unbiased approaches Employs statistical procedures
Slide 9
Advocacy Phenomenology Grounded Theory Ethnography Case Study
Narrative
Slide 10
Open-ended questions Emerging approaches Text or image data
Focuses on a single concept Brings personal values into the study
Studies the context or setting Makes interpretations
Slide 11
Pragmatic knowledge claims Sequential, concurrent and
transformative
Slide 12
Both open-ended and closed-ended questions Both emerging and
predetermined approaches Both qualitative & quantitative data
and analysis Develops a rationale for mixing Integrates the data at
different stages of inquiry Presents visual pictures Employs the
practices of both
Slide 13
The abstract is a brief summary of the research article
Description
Slide 14
An introduction is the first passage in a scholarly research
study The authors announce a problem They justify why it needs to
be studied The type of problem or question will vary depending on
the approach: qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods
Slide 15
The purpose statement indicates why you want to do the study
& what you intend to accomplish Qualitative statements contain
the important elements of the research Quantitative statements
focus on relating & comparing variables or constructs Mixed
Methods will convey both qualitative & quantative
statements
Slide 16
Qualitative research state questions not objectives or
hypotheses Quantitative research questions are interrogative
statements or questions that the researcher intends to answer Mixed
Methods need to have both qualitative & quantitative hypotheses
or questions
Slide 17
Usually presented in a separate section of the research article
It uses previous studies to support, justify, and demonstrate the
need for the current study
Slide 18
Quantitative researchers use theory to provide an explanation
or prediction about the relationship of the variables Qualitative
researchers use theory as a broad explanation Mixed Method
researchers use theory either inductively or deductively
Slide 19
Researchers define terms so that readers are able to understand
their precise meaning Researchers might define terms with different
intent No one format exists for defining terms
Slide 20
Researchers will note the limitations of their studies Small
population sample Temporal limitations Cultural variables Etc.
Slide 21
Ways in which the research study adds to the scholarly research
and literature in the field Ways in which the research study helps
to improve practice Ways in which the research study will improve
policy
Slide 22
Surveys Experiments Population & sample Instrumentation
Variables Data Analysis Participants Threats to validity
Slide 23
Researchers will explain the results of their study Then will
discuss the implications, limitations, suggest, future
research
Slide 24
Find the following in each article: Abstract Approach
Introduction Theory Purpose Statement Methods Significance Results
Discussion