PVC SinglePVC Single--Plies As Plies As
Sustainable Roofing SystemsSustainable Roofing Systems
Presented byPresented by
DuroDuro--Last Roofing, Inc.Last Roofing, Inc.
Reed Business Information is a registered provider with TheAmerican Institute of Architects Continuing Education
Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES records for AIA members. Certificates of completion for non-AIA members are available on request.
This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does
not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of
handling, using, distributing or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials,
methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
Thank You!
Reed Business Information is a registered provider with TheReed Business Information is a registered provider with TheAmerican Institute of Architects Continuing Education American Institute of Architects Continuing Education
Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES records for AIA members. Certificates of be reported to CES records for AIA members. Certificates of completion for noncompletion for non--AIA members are available on request.AIA members are available on request.
This program is registered with the AIA/CES for This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does continuing professional education. As such, it does
not include content that may be deemed or construed not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of material of construction or any method or manner of
handling, using, distributing or dealing in any material handling, using, distributing or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, or product. Questions related to specific materials,
methods, and services will be addressed at the methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. conclusion of this presentation.
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Course ObjectivesCourse Objectives
�� Summarize attributes of PVCSummarize attributes of PVCsinglesingle--ply roofingply roofing
�� Evaluate ways vinyl roofing aidsEvaluate ways vinyl roofing aidswith highwith high--performance design performance design
�� Understand issues surrounding Understand issues surrounding PVCs & alternativesPVCs & alternatives
�� Know key criteria for selecting Know key criteria for selecting sustainable roofing systemssustainable roofing systems
Roof Types Roof Types �� There Are ManyThere Are Many
Some Examples:Some Examples:
-- ShinglesShingles
-- SlateSlate
-- Clay TileClay Tile
-- BuiltBuilt--UpUp
-- ConcreteConcrete
-- ModifiedModified
-- SingleSingle--PlyPly
Roof Membrane TypesRoof Membrane Types
ThermosetThermoset
��ElastomericElastomeric��
ThermoplasticThermoplastic
��PlastomericPlastomeric��
ModifiedModified
BitumenBitumen
EPDMEPDM NeopreneNeopreneCSPECSPE
(Hypalon)
PVCPVC
CPACPA
EIPEIP
NBPNBP
CPECPE
PIBPIB
TPOTPO
APPAPP
(Torch)
SBS
(Hot Mop)
(Adhesives)
(Heat Weld)
SBSSBS
(Hot Mop)
(Adhesives)(Adhesives)
(Heat Weld)
Single-Ply MembranesSingle-Ply Membranes
ThermoplasticsThermoplastics�� Fastest growing Fastest growing
segmentsegment
�� Proven historyProven history
�� Code compliance Code compliance
�� Low liabilityLow liability
�� EnergyEnergy--efficientefficient
�� Excellent seamsExcellent seams
�� LightweightLightweight
�� ManyMany ��greengreen��attributesattributes
What Are PVCs?What Are PVCs?
Fossil FuelFossil FuelFossil Fuel Rock SaltRock SaltRock Salt
EthyleneEthyleneEthylene
HydroxideHydroxideHydroxide
ChlorineChlorineChlorine
Vinyl Chloride MonomerVinyl Chloride MonomerVinyl Chloride Monomer
Polyvinyl ChloridePolyvinyl ChloridePolyvinyl Chloride
PVCPVC == VinylVinyl
What Are PVC Membranes?What Are PVC Membranes?�� Raw PVC and additives Raw PVC and additives
processed into filmprocessed into film
�� Reinforcement scrim Reinforcement scrim laminated between film laminated between film layerslayers
�� Rolls of membrane Rolls of membrane fabricated into deck fabricated into deck sheets, flashings & sheets, flashings & accessoriesaccessories
What Are PVC Membranes?What Are PVC Membranes?�� Raw PVC and additives Raw PVC and additives
processed into filmprocessed into film
�� Reinforcement scrim Reinforcement scrim laminated between film laminated between film layerslayers
�� Rolls of membrane Rolls of membrane fabricated into deck fabricated into deck sheets, flashings & sheets, flashings & accessoriesaccessories
PVC SinglePVC Single--Ply Roofing Ply Roofing
Membranes: Stable, Membranes: Stable,
TimeTime--tested, Energytested, Energy--
efficient, Safeefficient, Safe
Installation ConsiderationsInstallation Considerations
� Ballasted� Quick to install
� Weight
� Repair
� Code approvals
�� BallastedBallasted�� Quick to installQuick to install
�� WeightWeight
�� RepairRepair
�� Code approvalsCode approvals
Installation ConsiderationsInstallation Considerations
� Fully-Adhered� Aesthetically-pleasing
� Code approvals
� Building expansion issues
�� FullyFully--AdheredAdhered�� AestheticallyAesthetically--pleasingpleasing
�� Code approvalsCode approvals
�� Building expansion issuesBuilding expansion issues
� Ballasted� Quick to install
� Weight
� Repair
� Code approvals
�� BallastedBallasted�� Quick to installQuick to install
�� WeightWeight
�� RepairRepair
�� Code approvalsCode approvals
Installation ConsiderationsInstallation Considerations
� Fully-Adhered� Aesthetically-pleasing
� Code approvals
� Building expansion issues
�� FullyFully--AdheredAdhered�� AestheticallyAesthetically--pleasingpleasing
�� Code approvalsCode approvals
�� Building expansion issuesBuilding expansion issues
� Ballasted� Quick to install
� Weight
� Repair
� Code approvals
�� BallastedBallasted�� Quick to installQuick to install
�� WeightWeight
�� RepairRepair
�� Code approvalsCode approvals
� Mechanically-Fastened� Code approvals
� Aesthetics
� Not sensitive to job site conditions
�� MechanicallyMechanically--FastenedFastened�� Code approvalsCode approvals
�� AestheticsAesthetics
�� Not sensitive to job site conditionsNot sensitive to job site conditions
Alma, Michigan, Public SchoolsAlma, Michigan, Public Schools
Any Structure, Location, SlopeAny Structure, Location, Slope
Highly ReflectiveHighly Reflective
� Keeps buildings & cities cooler
� Reduces energy demand
� Mitigates urban heat islands
�� Keeps buildingsKeeps buildings& cities cooler& cities cooler
�� Reduces energy Reduces energy demanddemand
�� Mitigates urban heat Mitigates urban heat islandsislands
Flexible & LightweightFlexible & Lightweight
� Can be custom-made to fit each roof
- Less job site scrap
� Easily prefabricated
- Fewer installation failures
� Lightweight
- Avoids tear-offs & disposal
�� Can be customCan be custom--made to fit each roofmade to fit each roof
-- Less job site scrapLess job site scrap
�� Easily prefabricated Easily prefabricated
-- Fewer installation failuresFewer installation failures
�� LightweightLightweight
-- Avoids tearAvoids tear--offs & disposaloffs & disposal
HeatHeat--WeldableWeldable
� Most reliable seaming
� Less potential for substrate moisture & mold development
� Vented systems release trapped moisture
�� Most reliable seamingMost reliable seaming
�� Less potential for Less potential for substrate moisture & substrate moisture & mold developmentmold development
�� Vented systems Vented systems release trapped release trapped moisturemoisture
Chemical ResistantChemical Resistant� Lasts longer in harsh
environments
� Fewer roof replacements over life of building
� Compatible with chemicals, construction products, and other materials. Partial list:
�� Lasts longer in harsh Lasts longer in harsh environmentsenvironments
�� Fewer roof replacements over Fewer roof replacements over life of buildinglife of building
�� Compatible with chemicals, Compatible with chemicals, construction products, and other construction products, and other materials. Partial list:materials. Partial list:
� Acid Rain
� Acrylic/Latex Paint
� Bird Droppings
� Bleach
� Brick & Masonry Cleaner
� Cooking Grease
� Detergent Solution
� Acid Rain
� Acrylic/Latex Paint
� Bird Droppings
� Bleach
� Brick & Masonry Cleaner
� Cooking Grease
� Detergent Solution
� Diatomaceous Earth
� Ethyl/Methyl Alcohol
� Furnace Residue
� Hydrofluoric Acid Cleaner
� Incinerator Ash
� Linseed Oil
� Diatomaceous Earth
� Ethyl/Methyl Alcohol
� Furnace Residue
� Hydrofluoric Acid Cleaner
� Incinerator Ash
� Linseed Oil
� Nitrogen Sulfate
� Polyethylene
� Polypropylene
� Sea Water
� Soldering Acid/Flux
� Tannic Acid
� Triethylene Glycol
� Nitrogen Sulfate
� Polyethylene
� Polypropylene
� Sea Water
� Soldering Acid/Flux
� Tannic Acid
� Triethylene Glycol
Safe For Occupants Safe For Occupants
& Environment& EnvironmentPVC Roof Systems:
� Protect contents, occupants, environment
� No flames, kettles, hazardous fumes
� Proven safe and sustainable by decades of scientific research
� Produced in monitored closed-loop processes
� Membranes used to line landfills, livestock waste pits, chemical containers
PVC Roof Systems:PVC Roof Systems:
�� Protect contents, occupants, environmentProtect contents, occupants, environment
�� No flames, kettles, hazardous fumes No flames, kettles, hazardous fumes
�� Proven safe and sustainable by decades of Proven safe and sustainable by decades of scientific researchscientific research
� Produced in monitored closed-loop processes
�� Membranes used to line landfills, livestock waste Membranes used to line landfills, livestock waste pits, chemical containerspits, chemical containers
PVC Roofing Product SafetyPVC Roofing Product Safety
� Dr. Patrick Moore, co-founder of Greenpeace states:
� Dr. Patrick Moore, co-founder of Greenpeace states:
��PVC�s effects on health and the environment have been investigated at every stage from manufacture through use and on to final disposal � in all cases vinyl has been shown to be safe and environmentally sound.�
��PVC�s effects on health and the environment have been investigated at every stage from manufacture through use and on to final disposal � in all cases vinyl has been shown to be safe and environmentally sound.�
� 35+ years of scientific studies and LCA�s
prove safety & low environmental impact
� Multiple scientific, government, academic,
and industry groups confirm that:
Vinyl products
- Are inert and pose no human health risks
- Have virtually no negative impact on the
environment
� 35+ years of scientific studies and LCA�s
prove safety & low environmental impact
� Multiple scientific, government, academic,
and industry groups confirm that:
Vinyl products
- Are inert and pose no human health risks
- Have virtually no negative impact on the
environment
PVC Roofing Product SafetyPVC Roofing Product Safety
� U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
� U.K. Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions
� European Chemicals Bureau of the European Commission
� California EPA, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment
� Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
� U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
� U.K. Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions
� European Chemicals Bureau of the European Commission
� California EPA, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment
� Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
PVC Roofing Product SafetyPVC Roofing Product Safety
� New York State Energy Research & Development Authority
� Midwest Research Institute
� British Board of Agrément
� American Society of Mechanical Engineers
� Swedish Environmental Protection Agency
� U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission
� U.S. Food and Drug Administration
� New York State Energy Research & Development Authority
� Midwest Research Institute
� British Board of Agrément
� American Society of Mechanical Engineers
� Swedish Environmental Protection Agency
� U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission
� U.S. Food and Drug Administration
� Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO � Australia�s premier scientific organization)
� U.S. National Academy of Sciences � The Institute of Medicine
� American Council on Science and Health
� Greenspirit Strategies
� Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO � Australia�s premier scientific organization)
� U.S. National Academy of Sciences � The Institute of Medicine
� American Council on Science and Health
� Greenspirit Strategies
� U.S. Centers for Disease Control
� Technical and Scientific Advisory Committee of the U.S. Green Building Council
� European Single-Ply Waterproofing Association
� Carbotech AG independent environmental consultants
� U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
� U.S. Centers for Disease Control
� Technical and Scientific Advisory Committee of the U.S. Green Building Council
� European Single-Ply Waterproofing Association
� Carbotech AG independent environmental consultants
� U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
PVC Roofing Product SafetyPVC Roofing Product Safety
PVC Roofing and ChlorinePVC Roofing and Chlorine
� Naturally occurring element
� Essential nutrient for plants, animals, humans
� Production, transportation, handling tightly regulated vigilantly administered by industry
� Chlorine for vinyl production comes from salt
� Naturally occurring element
� Essential nutrient for plants, animals, humans
� Production, transportation, handling tightly regulated vigilantly administered by industry
� Chlorine for vinyl production comes from salt
PVC Roofing and ChlorinePVC Roofing and Chlorine
� Chlorine chemically locked more tightly
into final products than in common salt
� Tests show no chlorine is ever emitted
from finished roofing membranes
� No chlorine gas is released if recycled,
landfilled or burned
� Chlorine chemically locked more tightly
into final products than in common salt
� Tests show no chlorine is ever emitted
from finished roofing membranes
� No chlorine gas is released if recycled,
landfilled or burned
PVC Roofing and PhthalatesPVC Roofing and Phthalates
� Additive that provides flexibility
� Strong safety profile over 50 years of
general use
� No reliable evidence that any phthalate,
when used as intended, has ever caused a
health problem for a human
� Additive that provides flexibility
� Strong safety profile over 50 years of
general use
� No reliable evidence that any phthalate,
when used as intended, has ever caused a
health problem for a human
What the Experts SayWhat the Experts Say
About PhthalatesAbout Phthalates
� Former Surgeon General C. Everett Koop:� �Consumers can be confident that vinyl toys and
medical devices are safe. There is no scientific evidence that they are harmful to children or adults.�
� Dr. Patrick Moore: � ��the cost of taking �the path of least resistance� is
replacing DINP (a phthalate) with chemicals that have not been as thoroughly tested and found as safe.�
� Former Surgeon General C. Everett Koop:� �Consumers can be confident that vinyl toys and
medical devices are safe. There is no scientific evidence that they are harmful to children or adults.�
� Dr. Patrick Moore: � ��the cost of taking �the path of least resistance� is
replacing DINP (a phthalate) with chemicals that have not been as thoroughly tested and found as safe.�
PVC Roofing and EmissionsPVC Roofing and Emissions
� Per EPA: Since mid-70�s and adoption of closed- loop manufacturing processes� � PVC production has more than tripled
� Vinyl chloride emissions reduced by 99%
� Dioxin emissions from all sources reduced by 92%
� Per EPA: Since mid-70�s and adoption of closed- loop manufacturing processes�� PVC production has more than tripled
� Vinyl chloride emissions reduced by 99%
� Dioxin emissions from all sources reduced by 92%
PVC Roofing and EmissionsPVC Roofing and Emissions
� According to CDC 1997 report, PVC industry had:� �Almost completely eliminated worker exposures� to vinyl chloride
� �Virtually eliminated� incidences of cancer and other illnesses caused by exposure
� According to CDC 1997 report, PVC industry had:� �Almost completely eliminated worker exposures� to vinyl chloride
� �Virtually eliminated� incidences of cancer and other illnesses caused by exposure
� Recent studies by Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) have shown that dioxin levels and cancer incidence in communities near PVC production facilities no higher than national average
� Recent studies by Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) have shown that dioxin levels and cancer incidence in communities near PVC production facilities no higher than national average
PVC Roofing and Building FiresPVC Roofing and Building Fires
� Roofing membranes very small component of a building
� Every substance that burns during building fires is potential source of toxic gases
� European and US studies show that dioxin is present in all large-scale accidental fires, regardless of material content
� Gases from PVC combustion (carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen chloride, water) are similar to all other organic materials
� Smoke produced in roof fires typically external to building
� Roofing membranes very small component of a building
� Every substance that burns during building fires is potential source of toxic gases
� European and US studies show that dioxin is present in all large-scale accidental fires, regardless of material content
� Gases from PVC combustion (carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen chloride, water) are similar to all other organic materials
� Smoke produced in roof fires typically external to building
PVC: Inherently FlamePVC: Inherently Flame--ResistantResistant
� PVC will not support a flame after source is removed
� Helps mitigate the spread and strength of accidental building fires, saving lives and property
� Class A fire ratings may be more easily attained
�� PVC will not support a PVC will not support a flame after source is flame after source is removedremoved
� Helps mitigate the spread and strength of accidental building fires, saving lives and property
�� Class A fire ratings Class A fire ratings may be more easily may be more easily attainedattained
PVCPVC TPOTPO EPDMEPDM
PVC Roofing and RecyclingPVC Roofing and Recycling
� Inherently recyclable - vinyl materials can be reprocessed and recycled repeatedly
� Over one billion lbs. of post-industrial and consumer PVC recycled annually in U.S.
� Only roofing material proven recyclable back into new roofing products
� PVC roofing materials have been recycled for nearly 15 years in U.S. and Europe
� Inherently recyclable - vinyl materials can be reprocessed and recycled repeatedly
� Over one billion lbs. of post-industrial and consumer PVC recycled annually in U.S.
� Only roofing material proven recyclable back into new roofing products
� PVC roofing materials have been recycled for nearly 15 years in U.S. and Europe
PVC Roofing and RecyclingPVC Roofing and Recycling
� PVC roofing manufacturers have recycling programs� Our company > 8 million lbs./yr. of vinyl in recent years
from at least 20 sources
� PVC roofing manufacturers have recycling programs� Our company > 8 million lbs./yr. of vinyl in recent years
from at least 20 sources
PVC Roofing and SustainabilityPVC Roofing and Sustainability
� More than 26 LCA�s confirm that PVC roofing membranes are an outstanding sustainable choice:� Energy efficiency
� Mitigation of urban heat islands
� Virtually no emissions of greenhouse gases, due to closed-loop manufacturing
� At least 10 categories in which white PVC roofing help earn points under LEED® or Green Globes�
� More than 26 LCA�s confirm that PVC roofing membranes are an outstanding sustainable choice:� Energy efficiency
� Mitigation of urban heat islands
� Virtually no emissions of greenhouse gases, due to closed-loop manufacturing
� At least 10 categories in which white PVC roofinghelp earn points under LEED® or Green Globes�
PVC Roofing and SustainabilityPVC Roofing and Sustainability
� PVC roofs reduce waste throughout life cycle:
� Only 44% carbon composition vs. other single-ply and built-up systems with nearly 100% carbon
� Less energy to produce than other roofing products
� 20 to 30 year life means less waste to landfills
� Virtually no scrap in PVC roof manufacturing or installation
� Often installed directly over old roofs, eliminating costly tear-offs and landfill disposal
� PVC roofs reduce waste throughout life cycle:
� Only 44% carbon composition vs. other single-ply and built-up systems with nearly 100% carbon
� Less energy to produce than other roofing products
� 20 to 30 year life means less waste to landfills
� Virtually no scrap in PVC roof manufacturing or installation
� Often installed directly over old roofs, eliminating costly tear-offs and landfill disposal
U.S. Green Building CouncilU.S. Green Building Council
�No single material shows up as
the best across all the human
health and environmental impact
categories, nor as the worst.�
��No single material shows up as
the best across all the human
health and environmental impact
categories, nor as the worst.�
Technical And
Scientific Advisory
Committee PVC
Task Group Study
Technical And Technical And
Scientific Advisory Scientific Advisory
Committee PVC Committee PVC
Task Group StudyTask Group Study
Impacts Of SomeImpacts Of Some
Suggested Alternatives*Suggested Alternatives*
� Metal
� Clay Tile
� Concrete
� Slate
� Thatch
* From the Blue Vinyl Website
�� MetalMetal
�� Clay TileClay Tile
�� ConcreteConcrete
�� SlateSlate
�� ThatchThatch
* From the Blue Vinyl Website* From the Blue Vinyl Website
MetalMetal
� Mining waste
� Zinc discharge
� Excess energy
resources to produce
� Greenhouse gasses
� More air/water pollution
�� Mining wasteMining waste
�� Zinc dischargeZinc discharge
�� Excess energyExcess energy
resources to produceresources to produce
�� Greenhouse gassesGreenhouse gasses
�� More air/water pollutionMore air/water pollution
Clay TileClay Tile
� Excess fuel for firing
� Altered landscape from
clay pits
� Silicosis from rock dust
� Chemical wastes from
pigments
� More air/water pollution
�� Excess fuel for firingExcess fuel for firing
�� Altered landscape from Altered landscape from
clay pitsclay pits
�� Silicosis from rock dustSilicosis from rock dust
�� Chemical wastes from Chemical wastes from
pigmentspigments
�� More air/water pollutionMore air/water pollution
ConcreteConcrete� Storm water discharges of cement,
sands & powder
� Injury to aquatic life from solids & silt
� Increased pH in water run-off
� Cement kilns are one of largest dioxin sources
� Energy intensive life-cycle
�� Storm water discharges of cement, Storm water discharges of cement, sands & powdersands & powder
�� Injury to aquatic life from solids & siltInjury to aquatic life from solids & silt
�� Increased pH in water runIncreased pH in water run--offoff
�� Cement kilns are one ofCement kilns are one oflargest dioxin sources largest dioxin sources
�� Energy intensive lifeEnergy intensive life--cyclecycle
SlateSlate
� Quarrying requires major land restoration
� Re-vegetation problems � No nutrients for plant growth
� Health issues � Silicosis for rock drillers
�� Quarrying requires majorQuarrying requires majorland restorationland restoration
�� ReRe--vegetation problems vegetation problems ��No nutrients for plant growthNo nutrients for plant growth
�� Health issues Health issues �� Silicosis for Silicosis for rock drillers rock drillers
Thatch(Are You Serious?)
ThatchThatch(Are You Serious?)(Are You Serious?)
� Effectiveness on modern
facilities
� Harbors pests; controlled with
chemicals
� Reeds spread uncontrollably;
choke native plants
� Highly flammable
�� Effectiveness on modern Effectiveness on modern
facilitiesfacilities
�� Harbors pests; controlled with Harbors pests; controlled with
chemicalschemicals
�� Reeds spread uncontrollably; Reeds spread uncontrollably;
choke native plantschoke native plants
�� Highly flammableHighly flammable
SummarySummary
� Energy-efficient
� Durable/long-lasting
� Friendly to occupants & environment
� Top choice for a sustainable roofing system
�� EnergyEnergy--efficientefficient
�� Durable/longDurable/long--lastinglasting
�� Friendly to occupants & environmentFriendly to occupants & environment
�� Top choice for a sustainable roofing system Top choice for a sustainable roofing system
This concludes the credit portion
of the AIA Continuing Education
System Program.
Questions?
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This concludes the credit portion This concludes the credit portion
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