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Phosphorus Fertilizers Manufactured from mined apatite minerals
Apatite is treated with H2SO4or H3PO4to form variousinorganic P fertilizers:
superphosphate (0-20-0)solid
triple superphosphate (0-45-0) solid mono ammonium phosphate (11-52-0) solid
di ammonium phosphate (18-46-0) solid
ammonium polyphosphate (10-34-0) liquid
Phosphoric Acid (0-52-0) liquid
Organic: manures contain 0.5 to 2.0% P
P analysis in commercial fertilizers is expressed as%P2O5
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Common phosphate fertilizers with
ammonium
Monoammonium phosphate (MAP)
NH4H2PO4 pH of 0.1M solution is 4.0
H2PO4- HPO4
2-+ H+
Diammonium phosphate (DAP) (NH4)2HPO4 pH of 0.1M solution is 7.8
HPO42- H2PO4
-+ OH-
Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) pH 6.06.5
Hydrolysis reaction
Sauchelli, 1965Photos courtesy of Agrium
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BFA Pupuk P
BFA
H2SO4 H2SO4H2SO4H2SO4H2SO4H2SO4
H3PO4H3PO4
NH3
NH3 NH3Normal
SuperFosfat
0-20-0
TSP
0-46-0
Superfosfat
beramonia
8-16-0
SP 36
0-36-0
Amonium
Fosfat
11-55-0
18-46-0
Asam
SuperFosfat
Amonium
Polifosfat
Fosfat
nitrat
Amonium
Fosfat
11-55-0
18-46-0
NH3
NH3
HCl
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Methods of P fertilization
Most common application of P fertilizers: Broadcastfertilizerover the soil surface and then incorporate it with a tillageoperation.
Alternative: Band with the seed, or two inches below and to
the side of the seed at planting.
Broadcast-incorporationis less time consuming and is popularwhen large acreages must be fertilized and planted in a short
period of time, or labor is scarce.
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Methods of nutrient placement
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Broadcasting
Broadcast TSP followed
by listing (making beds)
Maricopa, AZ
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Preplant Applications
Broadcast
Uniform distributionof dry or liquidmaterials over the
soil surface Can be mechanically
incorporated
Can be incorporated
by rain or irrigation
Liquid manure from hog feeding being pumped onto farmland inIowa, USDA-NRCS
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Band Application
Surface band near transplanted
broccoli, sprinkler-irrigated
Oregon
Side-dressing lettuce with
liquid N fertilizer, Yuma
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Fertigation
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Nutrient Considerations
Phosphorus
Banding minimizes soil:fertilizer contact
Minimizes reversion
Banding is generally more efficient in soils with
lower amounts of available P
At higher levels of available P banding and
broadcasting result in similar efficiencies Apply just before or at planting
Less time for reversion to occur
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Model Response Curve
Amount of Input
CropResponse
Maximum
Profit
Maximum
Yield
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Fertilizer K Sources
Source Analysis
Potassium chloride, KCl 0-0-60 (62)
Potassium sulfate, K2SO4 0-0-50 - 17
Potassium nitrate, KNO3 13-0-44
Potassium-magnesium sulfate,
K2SO4.2MgSO4 0-0-22-22-11
Potassium thiosulfate, K2S2O3 0-0-25-17
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Potassium chloride (KCl)
95% dari seluruh pupuk K
Harga paling ,murah
60-63% potassium oxide (K2O)
Yang berwarna merah mengandung Besi
Yang berwarna putih, besinya dihilangkan
Nilai pupuk darike 2 nya sama
KCl berbentuk pril/butiran
Often referred to as Muriate of Potash.
Sumber K yang mudah larut dlm air
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Fertilizer K Management
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Potassium sulfate (K2SO4):
Contains 50-53% K2O, 18% S, and no more than
2.5% Cl.
Major use is for chloride sensitive crops.
More expensive than KCl
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Potassium-magnesium Sulfate (K2SO4.2MgSO4)
Sul-Po-Mag or K-Mag
22%potassium chloride, 11% Mg, and 22% S Used when Magnesium or Sulfur is required
Potassium Nitrate (KNO3)saltpeter
44% Potassium chloride and 13% N
Excellent but expenxive
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Pemakaian pupuk K
Sebaiknya dibenamkan agar mencapai daerah
perakaran.
Disebarkan dipermukaan (Broadcasting)
Diberikan secara jalur 2 X, sejalur dg baris
tanaman.
Langsung bersamaan dengan biji jika bijinya
kecil (Directly with seed), tetapi harus hati2
jika memerlukan K banyak
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TERIMA
KASIH
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