By:Mohamed Adel El-Hadidy
Associative Professor of psychiatryMansoura Faculty of medicine
PsychoneuroimmunologyUpdated by Dr: Mohamed Adel El-Hadidy
Definition:
Psychoneuroimmunology is the field concerned with relationships among the mind (psycho), the nervous
and endocrine systems (neur) and the immune system (immunology). The central idea is that psychosocial
factors can influence immune responses through the brain as a master regulator for bodily system.
Communication between the brain and immune system
The immune system for the body like an army to the nation Stimulation of brain sites
(The hypothalamus, locus ceruleus, and the limbic system)
Enhancing immune system
inhibiting immune system
The autonomic nervous system: the sympathetic nervous system fibers provide a direct link between the brain and the lymphocytes, spleen and thymus.
Lymphocytes have receptor sites on their surfaces for certain hormones and the neurotransmitter catecholamine
Immune cells produce cytokines that act on the CNS
Antigens (threaten health) Body
Activation of immune system to defeat the body
humoral branch like navy because it operates through B cell (from bone marrow) that circulates in the blood
The cellular branch like foot army because it operates through T cell (From thymus gland) that can leave the blood stream and more through the tissues
Memory B cells
Memory T cells
remain to provide immunity against further attach with same antigen
The immune has also two responses: according to type of lymphocyte
Non-specific Response: (by non-specific lymphocytes):• Both Natural Killers (NK-cells) that destroy tumors and viruses.• Macrophages that attack bacteria and pass information about the antigen to specific Helper T cells.
Specific Response: Where specific lymphocytes using the information from macrophages to produce T Killer cells and B cells become plasma cells that secrete antibodies.
Communication between neuroendocrine and immune system
response to stress
Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal connection
Glucocorticoids and catecholamines influence immune cells
Endorphins from pituitary & adrenal medulla act on immune system
Activity of the immune system is correlated with neuroendocrine activity of brain cells
Feedback from hormones and other chemicals produced by lymphocytes and macrophages.
Increase apoptosis.
Connections between glucocorticoids and immune system
Anti-inflammatory hormones that enhance the organisms response to a stressor
Prevent the overreaction of the body's own defense system.
Regulators of the immune system Cause immunosuppression through Affect cell growth, proliferation & differentiation.
Suppress cell adhesion, antigen presentation, chemotaxis & cytotoxicity.
Corticosteroid
Other psychological Factors affecting immune system
Stress and personal control
Stress produces
“down-regulation” of the immune system when associated with lack of personal control
interfere with leukocyte function and antibody production
is mediated through the release of cortecosteroids
Patients taught relaxation techniques
significantly fewer stress-related symptom
had increase in nature killer cell (NK-cell) activity
2) Depression and bereavement:•Depression decrease immune system.•bereavement show 1. significant reduction in NK cell activity. 2. A significant reduction of lymphocyte
response has been found during the first two months following death of spouse with a return to normal by five months post bereavement.
Pharmaceutical advances based on psychoneuroimmunology:
Antidepressants (SSRIs, SNRIs and tricyclic) acting on serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine receptors
Immunomodulator anti-inflammatory against pro-inflammatory cytokine processes
Tricyclic and (SNRIs) have analgesic properties
Many investigation for antidepressants for use in
Psychiatric (Anxiety, OCD, impulse control)
non-psychiatric illness (autoimmune neuritis )
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