Provincial America & the Struggle for a Continent
Chapter 4
Progress in the Colonies 18th century
• Population doubled every 25 yrs
- need for colleges, doctors, craftsmen, etc
- wealthy settlers & landowners
- mansions
- Colonies began to modernize
Early Harvard (Cambridge, Mass)
• Founded in 1636,Harvard is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States
College of William & Mary
• Located in Virginia, William and Mary was founded in 1693 by a Royal Charter issued by the King William III & Queen Mary II of England. It has educated U.S. presidents Thomas Jefferson, James Monroe, and John Tyler
Other Colleges
• 1746- Princeton (New Jersey)
• 1740- University of Pennsylvania
• 1754- Columbia University (New York)
• 1764- Brown University (R.I)
• 1766- Rutgers, New Jersey
• 1769- Dartmouth (New Hampshire)
Expansion of the Colonies
• Immigration at all time high in colonies
- 1730- 650k settlers
- 1775- over 1 million
• Indian concern
Slaves in the South
• Slave trade reached peak during 18th century
- 90% of slaves to southern colonies - 70% of S. Carolina’s pop by 1720 - created old south (slave
plantations) - south- dependent on slaves - treatment of slaves in south
Back Country
• Life in mountain regions of the Carolinas
- farming & hunting - limited gov’t control - use of alcohol & clash with Indians
Age of Enlightenment
• asserted that human knowledge would improve society
World of Print• Impact of printing press
• William Bradford
- 1st printer in Philadelphia (1680)
• Boston (8 printers by 1740)
• Printing sparked American Enlightenment
Benjamin Franklin
• 1732- Franklin’s Pennsylvania Gazette
• best edited paper in America
Benjamin Franklin
• Intellectual debate almost non-existent
- Franklin’s Junto Society (1727)
- American Philosophical Society
• Franklin’s inventions
Conflicts in the Colonies
Conflict w/ Spain
• Spanish (FL) offered freedom to slaves
• Stono Rebellion (S.C.)
- largest slave revolt in colonies history
- stole weapons / 25 killed
Georgia: The failure of an Enlightened Utopia
• King George II (1727-60)
- founded in 1732
- populate with England’s “worthy poor”
- protection S. Carolina
- laws of Georgia / Savannah
- population slump
- became another S. C. by 1752
North American settlements of Britain & France
French & Indian War(1756-1763)
• Settlements (p 119)
• English desire to expand westward
• conflicts w/ France (Ohio Valley)
- French & Indian trade
• Virginia sends Washington
• Washington’s orders (1754)
Albany Congress (align w/ Iroquois)
- Franklin’s political cartoon (p 120)
French & Indian War (continue)
• 1756- war officially declared• British gather force of 60,000• British make peace w/ Indians by 1758 - promise of land
French & Indian War (continue)
• Spain’s neutrality
• British concentrate on New France
- 3 pronged war [p124]
• Treaty of Paris ends war in 1763
- Britain acquired all of North America east of the Mississippi except for New Orleans (p 131)
End of war
conclusion
• France gives up American settlements
• Britain now dominant power in North America
• Spain ceded Florida
• British proclamation line
• Angers Indians
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