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Sexual reproduction
Page 6
Phylum Euglenophyta – with both plant and animal characteristics
(Euglenoids, plantimals)
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Euglena viridis- unicellular form
Page 10
Trachelomonas – non-motile form
Cyst stage- thick dormant stage when conditions become unfavorable or adverse
Page 11
Economic importance:
Producers of aquatic environment
Food for aquatic animals Increase oxygen
concentration Indicators of water
pollution
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Vaucheria
Phylum Chrysophyta – yellow green algae
Coenocytic, monoecious, homothallic
Oogonium -female
Antheridium- male
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Oogamy- fusion of large non-motile egg cell and small motile sperm cell
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Oospore – diploid product of oogamy
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Synura- equally biflagellated
Ochromonas- unequally biflagellated
Chrysamoeba radians - uniflagellated
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Diatoms–Jewels of the algal world
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Epitheca – upper valve
Hypotheca- lower valve
cingulum
Diatom cell
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Centric diatom – marine and radially symmetrical
Pennate – fresh water species,
motile, bilateral symmetry
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Polar nodule
Median raphe
Lateral ridges
Polar nodule
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Economic importance
Diatomaceous earth –
piles of dead silicious walls of diatoms
Soundproofing materials Metal polish Petroleum products Toothpaste
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Phylum Pyrrophyta = causal agent for “Red TIDE”
Page 29
epicone
hypocone
Transverse groove
Whiplash - pushing
Tinsel- rotating
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Noctiluca Ceratium – little horn
Page 32
Economic importance
Red tide – algal bloomColor the water reddish
brownProduces a toxin –
satitoxinPSP – paralytic shellfish
poisoning
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Most diverse among the algae
Page 35
Phylum Chlorophyta – green algae
With chl a and b Starch Cellulosic cell wall Starch – reserved food
Page 36
Different thalli organization 1. Unicellular
Chlamydomonas – with cup shaped chloroplast
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Cosmarium –
Commonly called desmid
semi cells
Page 38
Ulva lactuca-
Sea lettuce
2. Parenchymatous – one cell (paper-like) thick
Page 40
Udotea= calcareous green alga
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3. siphonous, tubular,coenocytic
Enteromorpha intestinalis-
“Bitukang manok”
edible
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Hydrodictyon, coenocytic, siphonous
Page 43
Caulerpa taxipholia, Caulerpa racemosa –
commonly called ar-arosep. Edible green algae, rich in iodine and minerals
Page 44
4. Calcareous – cell wall encrusted with calcium carbonate
Halimeda
Page 46
Acetabularia –
mermaids wine glass
Gametangial rays
Page 47
Oedogonium – branched filamentous green algae
5. filamentous
zygospore
Page 48
Spirogyra – spiral-shaped chloroplast
Page 49
Spirogyra – scalariform conjugation
Spiral-shaped chloroplast
Conjugation tube
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Ulothrix- H-shaped chloroplast
Page 51
6. Colonial - coenobic Colony with specific number of unicells
Page 52
Gonium – coenobic colonial
Page 56
Phylum Charophyta – brittle worts, stone worts
Page 57
Reproductive organ of Chara
Oogonium and antheridium
-multicellular
-Protected with sterile jacket cells
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Phylum Phaeophyta – Brown algae
Multicellular Marine Fucoxanthin – brown pigment Mannitol – reserved food Alginic acid- for commercial
purposes
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Alternation of Generation
Two phases of life cycle
Gametophyte – haploid sexual phase produces gametes
Sporophyte – diploid asexual phase produces spores
Page 62
Three classes
Class Isogenerate= G(n) and S(2n) are morphologically the same
Class Heterogenerate= G(n) and S(2n) are morphologically different.
Class Cyclosporae= no alternation of generation
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Fucus – rock weed
Page 67
Sargassum –
Gulf weed
Blade – leafike
Stipe- stem like
Rhizoids – root
like
Floats- berry like
Page 68
Padina Dictyota Colpomenia
Economic importance1. source of alginic acid2. source of sulfated polysaccharides such as
fucoidan and fucans
Page 69
Phylum Rhodophyta – Red algae
Marine Phycoerythrin and phycocyanin Floridean starch/floridosides Triphasic life cycle
Page 72
Polysiphonia with antheridia
Page 73
Carpogonia (carposporophyte) with carpospores
Page 74
Polysiphonia terasporphyte with tetraspores
Page 75
Corallina, lime-encrusted red alga
Page 77
Porphyra nereocystis
Page 78
Amphiroa HalymeniaSebdenia
Page 79
Gelidium purpurascens,
The agar (the stuff in petri dishes to stiffen bacteria food, also found in puddings, jellies, mayonnaise, and laxatives) containing seaweed . This seaweed is not purple, but bright red, and very useful economically.