What is Progressivism? Reform Movement from 1900-1920 Reform minded people wanting a better
life To correct problems that were caused by
industrialization Wanting “progress” in social, economic,
and Political areas Usually Native born, middle to upper
class, college educated
Origins of Progressivism Eliminate Corruption in Government
Establish a More Efficient Government
More Governmental Regulation of the Economy
Origins of Progressivism Expanded role of government in
protecting the human welfare Prohibit or Limit Child Labor Working Conditions of Women Establish Minimum Wage Work-Place Safety Limit Working Hours Caring for Injured Workers Assistance for Unemployed
Populist to Progressive
Populists Opposed Monopolies Government
Intervention Protect the Consumer Direct Election of
Senators Graduated Income
Tax
Progressives Unsafe Working
Conditions Bad Sanitation Political machines
Populist to Progressive
Populists Rural Movement
Farmers
Lower-Middle Class Wokers
Progresives Middle-Upper Class College Educated Men & Women Social Workers,
Engineers, Writers, Teachers, Doctors, Lawyers, Ministers, etc.
Muckrakers Who are they?
Investigative Journalists that exposed the problems in society in an attempt to bring about reform
Name given by Teddy Roosevelt: “too busy raking at the muck at their feet
and ignored the glories of the heavens above”
Progressive LegislationLocal Reforms:
Commission System EX: Galveston Texas 1901(Hurricane)
Council Manager Plan EX: Dayton Ohio 1913 and Staunton, Virginia
Mayors EX: Tom Johnson, Cleveland, Ohio
Progressive LegislationState Reforms:
Direct Primary: election where voters choose candidates who will later run in a general election
Secret Ballet
17th Amendment: Direct Election of Senators
Progressive LegislationState Reforms:
Initiative: allows voters to introduce NEW legislation by gathering signatures on a petition
Referendum: allows voters to CHANGE a law already in place
Recall: allows voters to REMOVE an elected official from office by holding a new election
Progressive LegislationFederal
Reforms: 16th Amendment
17th Amendment
18th Amendment
19th Amendment
Meat Inspection Act
Pure Food and Drug Act
Reformers and Reform Movements:Robert M. La Follete
Progressive Wisconsin Governor
“Fighting Bob”
Instituted: Direct Primary Taxed RR and Utility Co. Created Commissions to
regulate corporations
Reformers and Reform Movements:Florence Kelly
Social worker at Hull House
Fought to improve women’s work hrs.
Muller V. Oregon, 1908 10 Hour Workday
Reformers and Reform Movements:W.E.B. DuBois
“Souls of Black Folks”
Co-founder of the NAACP
Fought for Equal Rights for African-Americans
Reformers and Reform Movements:Booker T. Washington
Blacks needed useful labor skills
“Prove to be a value to society”
Tuskegee Institute, Alabama
Reformers and Reform Movements:Women’s Christian Temperance Union
(WCTU)
Group that led the fight against alcohol Fought for “Prohibition”
Believed alcohol was responsible for unemployment, crime, and break up of families
Led by Francis Williard
Entered saloons, singing, praying and urging to stop selling alcohol
Led to the passage of 18th Amendment
Reformers and Reform Movements:National Women Suffrage Association
(NWSA)
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony
Pushed for the “right to vote”
Progressive Presidents:Theodore “Teddy” Roosevelt
Before Presidency: Vice President
(Under McKinley) NY State
Legislature Governor of New
York Secretary of Navy Rough Riders
Teddy Roosevelt Saw Presidency as a
“Bully Pulpit”
Conservation a primary concern 148 million acres
forest reserve 50 wildlife sanctuaries National Parks U.S. Forest Service Newland Act 1902
Teddy Roosevelt-The “Trustbuster”
Breaking up Monopolies
Distinguished b/w “Good” and “Bad” Trusts
Kept an eye on the “good” monopolies
Filed 44 anti-trust lawsuits against “Bad” corporations
Northern Securities Company (RR)
Teddy Roosevelt
Settling Strikes United Mine Workers
(UMW) Strike
Roosevelt urged Arbitration
Settlement?
Square Deal TR’s 1904
Campaign Slogan
Be Fair in dealing with unions, businesses, and consumers
Progressive Presidents:William Howard Taft
Filed 90 anti-trust suits
Presidency as “administrative post”
Payne-Aldrich Tariff
Ballinger-Pinchot Affair
Dollar Diplomacy
Progressive Presidents:Woodrow Wilson
Clayton Anti-Trust Act
Federal Trade Commission
Federal Reserve System
16th and 19th Amendments
Moral Diplomacy
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