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PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF RETAIL BUSINESS –
A STUDY WITH REFERENCE TO SIVAKASI TALUK
DR. M. SELVAKUMAR*; DR. A. MUTHUMONI**
*Assistant Professor, PG and Research Department of Commerce,
Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College, Sivakasi – 626124.
**Principal, M.G.R. College of Arts and Science,
Hosur, Tamilnadu.
ABSTRACT
Retail industry is the largest industry in India, with an employment of around 8 per cent to
over 10 per cent of the country's Gross Domestic Product. Retail industry in India is expected
to rise 25 per cent yearly being driven by strong income growth, changing lifestyles, and
favorable demographic patterns.
It is expected that by 2016 modern retail industry in India will be worth US$ 175- 200 billion.
India retail industry is one of the fastest growing industries with revenue expected to amount
US$ 320 billion and is increasing at a rate of 5 per cent yearly. A further increase of 7-8 per
cent is expected in the industry of retail in India by growth in consumerism in urban areas,
rising incomes, and a steep rise in rural consumption. It has further been predicted that the
retailing industry in India will amount to US$ 21.5 billion by 2010 from the current size of
US$ 7.5 billion
For a retailer, it is very difficult to retain the potential buyer. Because the buyers are scattered
according to their convenience of purchasing. In order to keep possession of their sales
volume, the retailer has to face a stiff competition in the retail business. Majority of functions
have to be performed by owners themselves due to limitation of resources. So the researcher
made sincere attempt to analyse the Problems and Prospects faced by retailer in the study
area, during the course of starting and managing their enterprise.
___________________________________________________________________________
INTRODUCTION
Retail industry is the largest industry in India, with an employment of around 8 per cent to
over 10 per cent of the country's Gross Domestic Product. Retail industry in India is expected
to rise 25 per cent yearly being driven by strong income growth, changing lifestyles, and
favorable demographic patterns.
It is expected that by 2016 modern retail industry in India will be worth US$ 175- 200
billion. India retail industry is one of the fastest growing industries with revenue expected to
amount US$ 320 billion and is increasing at a rate of 5 per cent yearly. A further increase of
7-8 per cent is expected in the industry of retail in India by growth in consumerism in urban
areas, rising incomes, and a steep rise in rural consumption. It has further been predicted that
the retailing industry in India will amount to US$ 21.5 billion by 2010 from the current size
of US$ 7.5 billion
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Shopping in India has witnessed a revolution with the change in the consumer buying
behavior and the whole format of shopping also altering. Industry of retail in India which has
become modern can be seen from the fact that there are multi- stored malls, huge shopping
centers, and sprawling complexes which offer food, shopping, and entertainment all under the
same roof.
India retail industry is expanding itself most aggressively, as a result a great demand
for real estate is being created. Indian retailers preferred means of expansion is to expand to
other regions and to increase the number of their outlets in a city. It is expected that by 2010,
India may have 600 new shopping centers.
In the Indian retailing industry, food is the most dominating sector and is growing at
a rate of 9 per cent annually. The branded food industry is trying to enter the India retail
industry and convert Indian consumers to branded food. Since at present 60 per cent of the
Indian grocery basket consists of non- branded items. India retail industry is progressing
well and for this to continue retailers as well as the Indian government will have to make a
combined effort.
SCOPE OF THE INDIAN RETAIL MARKET
The scope of the Indian retail market is immense for this sector is poised for the
highest growth in the next 5 years. The India retail industry contributes 10 per cent of the
countries GDP and its current growth rate is 8.5 per cent. In the Indian retail market the scope
for growth can be seen from the fact that it is increased to US$ 608.9 billion in 2009 from
US$ 394 billion in 2005.
The organized retailing sector in India is only 8 per cent and is expected to rise to 25-
30 per cent by the year 2012. There are under construction at present around 325
departmental stores, 300 new malls, and 1500 supermarkets. This proves that there is a
tremendous scope for growth in the Indian retail market.
The growth of scope in the Indian retail market is mainly due to the change in the
consumers‟ behavior. For the new generation have preference towards luxury commodities
which have been due to the strong increase in income, changing lifestyle, and demographic
patterns which are favorable.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
For a retailer, it is very difficult to retain the potential buyer. Because the buyers are
scattered according to their convenience of purchasing. In order to keep possession of their
sales volume, the retailer has to face a stiff competition in the retail business. Majority of
functions have to be performed by owners themselves due to limitation of resources. So the
researcher made sincere attempt to analyse the Problems and Prospects faced by retailer in
the study area, during the course of starting and managing their enterprise.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The main objectives of the study are
To study the socio – economic conditions of the retailer in Sivakasi Taluk
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To known the business profile of the retailers in Sivakasi Taluk
To analyse the problems faced by the retailers in Sivakasi Taluk
To analyse the opportunities and prospects of retail Business
To offer suggestions on the basis of the findings of the study.
LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
Due to paucity of time, the present study is conducted only retailers and nor covered
the performance of customers and their satisfaction in retailing. This study is restricted to
Sivakasi Taluk only and also applicable for a short period only.
METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY
The study is designed as a descriptive and analytical one. Considerable data are
available both from primary and secondary data . The study is carried out with the help of
sample survey. The research problem and interview schedule have been formulated and
tested on the basis of the research objectives.
SOURCES OF DATA
The required data for the present study are collected both from Primary and
Secondary Sources. Primary data are collected during 2009 with the help of schedule
designed for the Interview Schedule. The Secondary data are also collected from the various
standard text books, research articles, reports, leading newspapers, magazines and journals.
These have constituted a supportive literature for the purpose of carrying out the research
work.
SAMPLING DESIGN
The population of the current study is the retailer in Sivakasi Taluk. It is not feasible
to collect data from the entire population. Therefore the researcher has used the sampling
technique for data collection. The researcher has selected 200 sample retailers on the basis of
convenience sampling technique.
PLAN OF ANALYSIS
To analyse and interpret the collected data, the researcher has been used the tools like
Percentages, Weighted Arithmetic Average Method, Chi- Square Test, Kolmogrov – Smirnov
(K-S) Test, Garrett Ranking Method, Sign Test .
A five point scale has been used to measure the level of satisfaction in retail business.
Chi- Square test has been applied to test the significant difference in the level of satisfaction.
Sign test, one of the non- parametric methods, has been used to know whether there is
any significant difference between the “Yes” and “No” responses of retailers for each of the
given statements regarding problems faced by the retailer in retail business.
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Kolmogrov- Smirnov (K-S) Test is used to analyse the Prospects of retail business in
Sivakasi Taluk.
HYPOTHESES OF THE STUDY
The hypotheses framed for this study are as follows
There is no significant difference in the opinion of retailers about the prospects
of retail business in Sivakasi Taluk.
There is no significant difference in the opinion of retailers about their
problems.
GENDER WISE CLASSIFICATION OF THE RESPONDENTS
The researcher has classified the respondents on the basis of gender. The gender wise
classification of respondents is displayed in Table 1
TABLE 1
GENDER WISE CLASSIFICATION OF THE RESPONDENTS
S.NO. Gender No. of Respondents Percentage
1.
2.
Male
Female
185
15
92.50
7.50
Total 200 100.00
Source : Primary Data
The above table shows that out of 200 respondents, 185 are male respondents (92.5
%) and 15 respondents are female (7.5 %)
COMMUNITY WISE CLASSIFICATION OF THE RESPONDENTS
The researcher has also analysed the community of the respondents. The data
regarding community of the respondents is highlighted in Table 3
TABLE 3
COMMUNITY WISE CLASSIFICATION OF THE RESPONDENTS
S.NO. Community No. of Respondents Percentage
1.
2.
3.
Forward
Most Backward
Backward
20
58
82
10.00
29.00
41.00
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4. SC / ST 40 20.00
Total 200 100.00
Source : Primary Data
It is lucid from the above Table 3 that 82 (41%) respondents are backward
community,58 (29%) respondents are belong to backward community, 40 (20%) of them are
SC / ST and 20 (10% ) respondents are forward community.
RELIGION WISE CLASSIFICATION OF THE RESPONDENTS
Table.4 points out the Religion wise classification of the respondents in the study
area.
TABLE 4
RELIGION WISE CLASSIFICATION OF RESPONDENTS
S.NO. Particulars No. of Respondents Percentage
1.
2.
3.
Hindu
Muslim
Christian
135
45
20
67.50
22.50
10.00
Total 200 100.00
Source : Primary Data
The above Table 4 brings in view that, 135 (67.50%) respondents are Hindu, 45
respondents (22.50%) are Muslim, and the remaining 20 (10%) of them are Christian.
LITERACY LEVEL OF THE RETAILERS
The literacy level is one of the important factors which also influence the behaviour,
tastes, living standards and aspirations. To ascertain the literacy level of the respondents, a
study was made and the findings are presented in the following Table 5
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TABLE 5
LITERACY LEVEL OF RESPONDENTS
S.NO. Particulars No. of Respondents Percentage
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Up to SSLC
HSC
Undergraduate
Postgraduate
Diplomo
Professional
35
25
65
42
28
5
17.00
12.50
32.50
21.00
14.00
2.50
Total 200 100.00
Source : Primary Data
It is observed from the above table that, exactly 32.5 per cent of the respondents are
undergraduate, 21 per cent of the respondents are Post graduate, 17.5 per cent of the
respondents are having qualification up to SSLC, 14 per cent of the respondents are Diploma
holders, 12.5 per cent of the respondents are Higher Secondary and remaining 2.5 per cent of
the respondents are Professionals.
INCOME PROFILE OF THE RESPONDENTS
Money is an important source to make use of any things. Generally the rich people are
having higher purchasing power than that of poor people. So the researcher has classified the
various informants according to their level of income. The following Table 6 bears out an
evidence of the data.
TABLE 6
INCOME PROFILE OF THE RESPONDENTS
S.NO. Community No. of Respondents Percentage
1.
2.
3.
4
4.
Less than Rs 10,000
Rs 10,000 – Rs 20,000
Rs 20,000 – Rs 30,000
Rs 30,000 and above
67
55
43
35
33.50
27.50
21.50
17.50
Total 200 100.00
Source : Primary Data
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Table 6 shows that out of 200 respondents, 33.50 per cent are earning less than Rs
10,000 per month, followed by 27.50 per cent of respondents who earn Rs 10,000 to Rs
20,000 per month, 21.50 per cent of the respondents earn between Rs 25,000 and Rs 30,000
and the remaining 17.50 per cent of the respondents earn Rs 30,000 and above per month.
CATAGORIES OF RETAILERS
The researcher categorized the retailers according to the nature of goods and services
they deal. The highlights of this analysis is shown in Table 7
TABLE 7
CLASSIFICATION OF RETAILERS ON THE BASIS OF THE PRODUCT DEALED
S.NO. Particulars No. of Respondents Percentage
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Grocery Shop
Stationery
Food
Fireworks
Electronic Products
Textile
Fancy Store
Food wear
Gold & Gift items
Medical Products
Durables
45
32
15
15
9
15
11
10
25
18
5
22.50
16.00
7.50
7.50
4.50
7.50
5.50
5.00
12.50
9.00
2.50
Total 200 100.00
Source : Primary Data
It is understood from the Table 7 that 45 respondents are Grocery shop retailers which
occupies 22.50 per cent , 16 per cent of the respondents are Stationery retailers, 12.50 per
cent of the respondents are Gold and Gift items retailers, 9 per cent of the respondents are
Medical products retailers, 7.5 per cent of the respondents are Food, Fireworks, and Textile
retailers, 5.50 per cent of the respondents are Fancy store retailers, 5 per cent of the
respondents are Footwear retailer, 4.5 per cent of the retailers are Electronic products, and
remaining 2.5 per cent of the respondents are Durables retailers.
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PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE OF THE RETAILER
The researcher has also found out the previous experience for doing the business.
Table 8 shows the Experience of the retailers in their business.
TABLE 8
PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE OF THE RETAILERS
S.NO. Particulars No. of Respondents Percentage
1.
2.
Experienced
Not Experienced
89
111
44.50
55.50
Total 200 100.00
Source : Primary Data
It is inferred from the above table that 55.50 per cent of respondents do not have
previous experience in their business whereas the remaining 44.50 per cent have previous
experience in their business.
NATURE OF THE BUSINESS
Table 9 represents the information regarding the Nature of Business of the sample
retailers in the study area.
TABLE 9
NATURE OF BUSINESS
S.NO. Particulars No. of Respondents Percentage
1.
2.
Hereditary
First Generation
150
50
75.00
25.00
Total 200 100.00
Source : Primary Data
The above table upholds that 75 per cent of the respondents are doing the retail
business as hereditary and remaining 25 per cent of the respondents are the first generation
businessman.
NATURE OF DECISION MAKING
Decision Making is an important role in business activities. The researcher has also
collected the information about the business decisions of the retailers. Table 10 reveals this
analysis.
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TABLE 10
NATURE OF DECISION MAKING
S.NO. Particulars No. of Respondents Percentage
1.
2.
3.
4.
Independent decision
Consult with family members
Consult with employees
Professional advice
120
45
8
27
60.00
22.50
4.00
13.50
Total 200 100.00
Source : Primary Data
It is noted from the above table that 120 respondents (60 %) have taken independent
decision; 45 respondents (22.50%) have consult with family members; 27 respondents
(13.50%) seek professional advice for decision and remaining 8 respondents (4%) have
consulted with employees.
BUSINESS AFFECT THE FAMILY LIFE
The researcher has investigated about the business which affects the family life of
the respondents. The piece of information about the influence of business on family is
displayed in Table 11
TABLE 11
BUSINESS AFFECT THE FAMILY LIFE
S.NO. Particulars No. of Respondents Percentage
1.
2.
Affect
Not Affect
32
178
16.00
89.00
Total 200 100.00
Source : Primary Data
The Table 11 elicits the fact that 178 respondents (89%) feel that the business
activities not affect the family life and remaining 32 respondents (16%) feel that the business
activities affect the family life.
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FORM OF HELP IS PROVIDED BY FAMILY MEMBERS
Manpower is the main pillar of an organization. Depending upon the needs and
requirements, family members help the retailers. Table 12 shows the form of help provided
by the family members.
TABLE 12
FORM OF HELP PROVIDED BY THE FAMILY
S.NO. Particulars No. of Respondents Percentage
1.
2.
3.
4.
5
Manual Help
Financial Help
Advice
Business Tips
Others Helps
52
75
36
24
2
27.51
39.68
19.05
12.70
1.06
Total 189 100.00
Source : Primary Data
Note : Out of 200 respondents only 189 respondents have received family support.
It has been found from the above table that out of 189 respondents, 39.68 per cent of
respondents have received financial help from their family members, 27.51 per cent of
respondents have received manual help, 19.05 per cent of respondents have received advice
from their family members and 12.70 per cent of respondents have received business tips
from their of family members and remaining 1.05 per cent of respondents have getting other
helps from their family.
PLACE OF ESTABLISHMENT
The physical environment exercises a significant role on the attitude of the customers.
Hence the researcher analyses the place of establishment and its influence in business of retail
shop. Table 13 exhibits the details about the place of retail shop.
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TABLE 13
PLACE OF ESTABLISHMENT
S.No. Particulars No. of Respondents Percentage
1.
2.
3.
4.
Home based
Nearer to residence
Industrial area
Residential area
35
44
25
96
17.50
22.00
12.50
48.00
Total 200 100.00
Source : Primary Data
It is lucid from the Table 13 that 96 (48%) respondents have the business units in
residential area, 44 (22%) respondents locate the business units nearer to their residence,
35(17.5%) respondents do the business home based and remaining 25 (12.5% ) respondents
have the business units in industrial area.
FORM OF ORGANISATION
Table 14 shows the form of organization of retail business.
TABLE 14
FORM OF ORGANISATION
S.No. Particulars No. of Respondents Percentage
1.
2.
3.
4.
Sole Trader
Partnership
Limited company
Others
110
85
5
-
55.00
42.50
2.50
-
Total 200 100.00
Source : Primary Data
It is clear from the Table 14 that 55 per cent of the respondents are doing the business
under sole trader form whereas 42.50 per cent of the respondents are forming the partnership
for doing the business, 2.50 per cent of the respondents are running the business as limited
company form
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REASONS FOR SELECTING RETAIL BUSINESS
The retailers are choosing retail business for different reasons. The researcher has
identified some reasons like previous experience, technical qualification, and family business
and so on. Moreover, to identify the reason which is the most vital one to the researcher has
used Garret‟s Ranking Test. Table 15 shows the responses of retailers about the reason for
selecting retail business in Sivakasi Taluk.
TABLE 15
REASONS FOR SELECTING RETAIL BUSINESS
S.No.
Reason
Rank
Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1. Previous Experience 42 25 37 22 28 25 21 200
2. TechnicalQualifiaction 31 26 33 35 21 20 34 200
3. Family Business 39 48 28 32 16 15 22 200
4. Support from family
members 26 43 18 22 38 28 25 200
5. Owing infrastructure
facilities 21 37 40 39 14 21 28 200
6. Demand for the product
or services 18 12 28 13 43 39 47 200
7. To avail Government
concessions 23 9 16 37 40 52 23 200
Total 200 200 200 200 200 200 200
Source : Primary Data
There are large numbers of reasons for choosing the retail business. Seven reasons
that choosing retail businesses by the retailers. They are previous experience, technical
qualification, family business, and support from family members, owing infrastructure
facilities, demand for the product or services, to avail government concessions. The
respondents are asked to rank the reasons on their willingness. The opinion of the
respondents is given in Table 15.
Table 16 furnishes the Garret‟s scores awarded to each reason for selecting the retail
business. The highest score is awarded to “Family Business”, followed by “Previous
Experience”, the least score is awarded to “Demand for the product or service”.
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TABLE 16
REASONS FOR SELECTING RETAIL BUSINESS – GARRETS RANKING
S.No. Reasons Garrets Score Average
Score
Garrets
Rank
1. Previous Experience 10755 53.78 II
2. Technical Qualifiction 10180 50.90 V
3. Family Business 11170 55.85 I
4. Support from family members 10200 51.00 IV
5. Owing infrastructure facilities 10324 51.62 III
6. Demand for the product or
services
736 43.68 VII
7. To avail Government concessions 9235 46.12 VI
Source: Primary Data
Table 16 shows the Garret Scores and the average scores. The average scores are
ranked according to their values. The first rank is given to” Family Business”, “Previous
Experience” got the second rank, “Owing infrastructure facilities” places the third rank, the
fourth rank is given to “Support from family members”, “Technical Qualification” got the
fifth rank, “To avail Government concessions” got the sixth rank and the last rank is given to
“Demand for the product or services”.
UTILISATION OF THE CAPACITY
The research study has brought lime light on information relating to the utilization of
entire capacity made by the retailer. This detail is presented in Table 17
TABLE 17
UTILISATION OF THE CAPACITY
S.No. Particulars No. of Respondents Percentage
1.
2.
Utilised
Not utilized
160
40
80.00
20.00
Total 200 100.00
Source : Primary Data
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It is observed from the Table 17 that 160 respondents (80%) have utilized their entire
capacity and remaining 40 respondents (20%) have not utilized their entire capacity.
CAUSES FOR UNDER UTILISATION
The researcher has identified the causes for under utilization of resources. Table 18
shows the details of under utilization of resources. From the above details the researcher has
enlisted the causes as under
TABLE 18
RANKING OF CAUSES FOR UNDER UTILISATION
S.NO. Particulars Weighted Arithmetic Mean Rank
1. Non availability of raw material 3.75 3
2. Stock accumulation 3.40 4
3. Lack of working capital 4.40 1
4. Labour problems 3.85 2
5. Technical problems 2.55 6
6. Low profit margin 3.05 5
Source : Processed Data
It is inferred from the ranking proposal that the lack of working capital got the rank
with theWeighted Arithmetic Mean of 4.40, labour problem got second rank with 3.85, Non
availability of raw material got third rank with the score value of 3.75 and least score value
2.55 is got by technical problems.
SOURCES OF PURCHASE OF MATERIALS
Generally the retailers have many sources to purchase the materials of the business.
To know the major source of purchase, this analysis is made and presented in Table 19.
TABLE 19
SOURCES OF PURCHASE OF MATERIAL
S.No. Particulars No. of Respondents Percentage
1.
2.
3.
Open Market
Government Quota
Other Sources
173
11
16
86.50
5.50
8.00
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Total 200 100.00
Source : Primary Data
It is clearly exhibited in the above table that 173 (86.50%) respondents have
purchased the material from the open market, 16 respondents have procured the materials
from other source like directly from the producers or manufacturers and only 11 retailers
purchased the raw material from government quota.
MODE OF PURCHASES
The retailers are purchasing the raw material both for cash and credit. It depends
upon the quantum of purchase. The researcher has analysed and the results are exhibited in
the following Table 20
TABLE 20
MODE OF PURCHASES
S.No. Particulars No .of Respondents Percentage
1.
2.
3.
Cash
Credit
Both
52
78
70
26.00
39.00
35.00
Total 200 100.00
Source : Primary Data
It is apparent from the above Table 20 that 78 respondents (39%) have purchased the
products under credit, 70 respondents (35%) have purchased the materials for both cash and
credit terms and remaining 52 respondents (26%) have purchased products only against cash
SOURCES OF FINANCE
Finance holds the key to all business activity. No business activity can ever prosper
without adequate financial support. The researcher has made an attempt to analyse the
sources of finance for retail business in the Sivakasi Taluk. The following Table 21 shows the
sources of finance.
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TABLE 21
SOURCES OF FINANCE
S.No. Particulars No. of Respondents Percentage
1.
2.
3.
Owned funds
Borrowed funds
Owned and Borrowed
45
95
60
22.50
47.50
30.00
Total 200 100.00
Source : Primary Data
It is clear from the Table 21 that 47.50 per cent of respondents have used borrowed
funds, 30 per cent of respondents have used both owned and borrowed funds for their
business and remaining 22.50 per cent of respondents have used owned funds for their
business.
SOURCES OF BORROWED FUNDS
Usually the funds are borrowed from commercial banks, money lenders, friends,
relatives and so on. The researcher has analysed and presented the resulted in Table 22
TABLE 22
SOURCES OF BORROWINGS
S.No. Particulars No .of Respondents Percentage
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7
Relatives
Friends
Commercial Banks
Co-operative Banks
Financial Institutions
Money Lenders
Any other
32
26
8
4
9
16
-
33.68
27.37
8.43
4.21
9.47
16.84
-
Total 95 100.00
Source:PrimaryData
Note : Out of 200 respondents, 95 respondents have used borrowed funds.
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It is evident from the above Table 22 that, 33.68 per cent of respondents have
borrowed funds from their relatives, 27.37 per cent of respondents have borrowed funds from
friends, 16.84 per cent of respondents have borrowed funds from money lenders. 9.47 per
cent of respondents have borrowed funds from financial institutions, 8.43 per cent of
respondents have borrowed funds from commercial banks and remaining 4.21 per cent of
respondents have borrowed funds from co-operative banks.
AVAILMENT OF GOVERNMENT ASSISTANCE
Table 23 represents the information regarding the avail of government assistance by
the retailers.
TABLE 23
AVAILMENT OF GOVERNMENT ASSISTANCE
S.No. Particulars No. of Respondents Percentage
1.
2.
Availed
Not Availed
72
128
36.00
64.00
Total 200 100.00
Source : Primary Data
The above table upholds that 64 per cent of respondents are not availed the
government assistance and remaining 36 per cent of respondents are availed government
assistance for the business purposes.
FORMS OF ASSISTANCE
The researcher has focused the information about forms of assistance availed by the
retailers. Table 24 shows the information about the form of assistance.
TABLE 24
FORMS OF ASSISTANCE
S.No. Particulars No. of Respondents Percentage
1.
2.
3.
4.
Loan
Subsidy
Power concession
Any other
22
18
32
-
30.56
25.00
44.44
-
Total 72 100.00
Source : Primary Data
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Note : Out of 200 respondents, 72 respondents have avail government assistance
It is observed that 32 respondents (44.44%) has got power concession from
government assistance, 22 respondents (30.56%) got loan from government institution and
remaining 18 respondents (25%) got government subsidy for their business.
MOTIVATING FACTORS OF RETAILERS
Several factors motivate the respondents to select the retail business. The distribution
of respondents according to the motivating factors is presented in Table 25
TABLE 25
MOTIVATING FACTORS
S.No. Particulars No. of Respondents Percentage
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Partners
Wife or Husband
Other family members
Friends
Relatives
Government officials
Others
58
36
22
47
28
9
-
29.00
18.00
11.00
23.50
14.00
4.50
-
Total 200 100.00
Source : Primary Data
It is evident from the Table 25 that 29 per cent of respondents are motivated by their
parents, 23.50 per cent of respondents are motivated by their friends, 18 per cent of
respondents are motivated their wife or husband, 14 per cent of respondents are motivated
from relatives, 11 per cent of respondents are motivated their family members and remaining
4.50 per cent of respondents are motivated by government officials to become retailers.
PROBLEMS OF RETAILERS
The retailers have so many problems out of which the research taken into account the
problems like Personal, Labour, Marketing and Finance. The details of problems of retailers
are given in Table 26
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TABLE 26
PROBLEMS OF RETAILERS
S.No. Problems No.
Respondents
Total
Respondents Percentage
1
2
3
4
Personal Problems
Labour Problems
Marketing Problems
Finance Problems
182
175
200
200
200
200
200
200
91
87.5
100
100
Source: Primary Data
It is observed from the above table that 91 per cent and 87.5 per cent of retailers face
the personal problems and labour problems respectively. The above table also reveals that
100 per cent retailers face marketing and finance problems in their retail business
OPINION OF RETAILERS ABOUT PERSONAL PROBLEMS
In order to know the Personal Problem faced by the retailers they were given 11
statements and were asked about their opinion. The responses of retailers about Personal
Problems are shown in Table 27
TABLE 27
OPINION OF RETAILERS ABOUT PERSONAL PROBLEMS
S.No Particulars Yes No Total
1. Poor risk taking ability 112
(61.54)
70
(38.46)
182
(100)
2. Lack of proper training*
49
(26.92)
133
(73.08)
182
(100)
3. Lack of leisure* 57
(31.32)
125
(68.86)
182
(100)
4. Health problems 108
(59.34)
74
(40.66)
182
(100)
5. Excessive burden of work and
responsibility
132
(72.53)
50
(27.47)
182
(100)
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6. Excessive tensions and challenges 175
(96.15)
7
(3.85)
182
(100)
7. Lack of knowledge about competition 158
(86.81)
24
(13.19)
182
(100)
8. Lack of knowledge about technology 119
(65.38)
63
(34.62)
182
(100)
9. Occupational mobility 144
(79.12)
38
(20.88)
182
(100)
10. Dual duties 111
(60.99)
71
(39.01)
182
(100)
11. Non co-operation from family members
75
(41.21)
107
(5.79)
182
(100)
Source : Primary Data
Note : The figures in brackets show percentage to total
Table 27 shows the details about the Personal problems of retailers in Sivakasi.
Among 182 retailers, those who have the personal problems, 112 respondents (61.54% ) have
the problem of “Proper risk taking ability”, 49 respondents (26.92%) have the problem of
“Lack of proper training”, 57 respondents (31.32%) have the problem of “Lack of leisure”,
108 respondents (59.34% ) have the problem of “Health problem”, 132 respondents (72.53%
) have the problem of “Excessive burden of work and responsibility”, 175 respondents
(96.15%) have the problem of “Excessive tensions and challenges”, 158 respondents
(86.81%) have the problem of “Lack of knowledge about competition”, 119 respondents
(65.38% ) have the problem of “Lack of knowledge about the various improved technology”,
144 respondents (79.12% ) have the problem of “Occupational mobility”, 111 respondents
(60.99% ) have the problem of “Dual duties” and remaining 75 respondents (41.21%) have
the problem of “Non co-operation from family members”.
OPINION OF RETAILERS ABOUT LABOUR PROBLEMS
In order to know the Labour problems in Sivakasi Taluk, the retailers were given 6
statements and were asked about their opinion. These responses of retailers about Labour
problems are shown in Table 28
TABLE 28
OPINION OF RETAILERS ABOUT LABOUR PROBLEMS
S.No. Particulars Yes No Total
1. Absenteeism 120
(68.59)
55
(48.57)
175
(100)
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2. Labour Turn over* 72
(41.15)
103
(58.85)
175
(100)
3. Union Activities* 45
(25.71)
130
(74.29)
175
(100)
4. Retention of Labour* 32
(18.29)
143
(81.71)
175
(100)
5. Negative attitude of Labour 144
(82.29)
31
(17.71)
175
(100)
6. Higher Wages 111
(63.43)
64
(36.57)
175
(100)
Source:PrimaryData
Note: The figures in the brackets show percentage to total
Table 28 shows the details about the Labour Problems of retailers in Sivakasi Taluk.
Among 175 retailers, those who have the Labour problems, 120 respondents (68.59%) have
the problem of “Absenteeism of Labour”, 72 respondents (41.15%) have the problem of
“Labour Turn Over”, 45 respondents (25.71%) have the problem of “Union Activities”, 32
respondents (18.29 %) have the problem of “Retention of Labour”, 144 respondents (82.29%)
have the problem of “Negative attitude of Labour” and remaining 14 respondents (63.43% )
have the problem of “Higher Wages”.
OPINION OF RETAILERS ABOUT MARKETING PROBLEMS
In order to know the Marketing problems in Sivakasi Taluk, the retailers were given 5
statement and were asked about their opinion. These responses of retailers about Marketing
problems are shown in Table 29
TABLE 29
OPINION OF RETAILERS ABOUT MARKETING PROBLEMS
S.No. Particulars Yes No Total
1. Competition from other retailers
168
(84.00)
32
(16.00)
200
(100)
2. Competition from Supermarkets
175
(87.50)
25
(12.50)
200
(100)
3. Lack of information about changing market
133
(66.50)
67
(33.50)
200
(100)
4. Availability of sub standard product in the
market
144
(72.00)
56
(28.00)
200
(100)
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5. Credit sales
180
(90.00)
20
(10.00)
200
(100)
Source : Primary Data
Note : The figures in the brackets show percentage to total
Table 29 show the details about the Marketing Problems of retailers in Sivakasi
Taluk. Among 200 retailers, those who have the Marketing Problems, 168 respondents
(84% ) have the problem of “Competition from other retailers”, 175 respondents (87.50%)
have the problem of “Competition from Supermarkets”, 133 respondents (66.50%) have the
problem of “Lack of information about changing market”, 144 respondents (72%) have the
problem of “Availability of sub standard product in the market” and remaining 180
respondents (90% ) have the problem of “Credit Sales”.
OPINION OF RETAILERS ABOUT FINANCIAL PROBLEMS
In order to know the Financial problems in Sivakasi Taluk, the retailers were given 6
statement and were asked about their opinion. These responses of retailers about Financial
problems are shown in Table 30
TABLE 30
OPINION OF RETAILERS ABOUT FINANCIAL PROBLEMS
S.No Particulars Yes No Total
1. Inadequate fixed capital
133
(66.50)
67
(33.50)
200
(100)
2. Inadequate working capital
170
(85.00)
30
(15.00)
200
(100)
3. Problem of bad debts
165
(82.50)
35
(17.50)
200
(100)
4. Difficulties in getting Government
concessions/Subsidies
183
(91.50)
17
(8.50)
200
(100)
5. Inability to provide securities for loan
144
(72.00)
56
(28.00)
200
(100)
6. Reluctance of financial Institutions to
extend credit to retailers
175
(87.50)
25
(12.50)
200
(100)
Source :PrimaryData
Note : The figures in brackets show percentage to total.
Table 30 shows the details about the Financial Problems of retailers in Sivakasi
Taluk. Among 200 retailers, those who have the Marketing Problems, 133 respondents
(66.50%) have the problem of “Inadeqate of fixed capital”, 170 respondents (85%) have the
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problem of “Inadequate of working capital”, 165 respondents (82.50% ) have the problem of
“Bad debts”, 183 respondents (91.50%) have the problem of “Difficulties in Government
concessions”, 144 respondents (72 %) have the problem of “Inability to provide securities for
loan” and remaining 175 respondents (87.50%) have the problem of “Reluctance of financial
Institutions to extend credit facilities to retailers”.
SIGN TEST
Sign Test is one of the Non – parametric methods in statistical work that can be used
with either nominal or ordinal data. It requires less restrictive assumptions concerning the
level of data measurement. The sign test has been used to test the following Null Hypothesis
was framed for this study.
There is no significant difference between the „Yes‟ and „No‟ responses of the Retailers
regarding the various problems faced by the retailers in Sivakasi Taluk.
HYPOTHESIS TESTING PROCEDURE
For recording the responses of 200 sample retailers, „+‟ Sign will be recorded if the
retailers response is „Yes‟ for each statement framed for this study or a „-‟ recorded if the
retailers response is „No‟ for that statement. Using this procedure the responses of all the
sample retailers are recorded in terms of „+‟ or „-‟ signs.
If the difference is due to chance effects, the probability of a „+‟ sign for any
statement is 0.50 as is the probability for „-‟ sign.
The purpose of this study is to determine whether or not the „Yes‟ and „No‟ responses
of retailers for each statement are equal. Letting „P‟ indicate the proportion of the retailers
response „Yes‟ we would like to test the following hypothesis:
Hypothesis Conclusion
Null hypothesis Ho : P = .50 No Significant difference in the responses of
Retailers
Alternate hypothesis H1: P = .50 A Significant difference in the responses of
Retailers
Sign Test can be applied for the small sample case ( n < 20 ) and for large sample case
( n > 20 ). Here „n‟ refers to number of retailers who responded to each statement as „Yes‟
and „No‟. For all the statements which relate to Problems faced by Retailers for this study, the
number of „Yes‟ and „No‟ responses of employees are greater than 20 that is n >20 ( large
sample).
LARGE SAMPLE
Using the Null Hypothesis Ho : P = .50 and a sample size n > 20 the normal
approximation of the sampling distribution for the number of „+‟ sign as follows:
Mean µ = 0.5n
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Standard Deviation σ = √ 0.25n
The value of standardized test statistic „Z‟ is calculated as follows:
Number of „+‟ signs - µ
Z = ----------------------------
σ
Testing the Null hypothesis ( Ho) of no difference using 5 per cent level of
significance, the acceptance region will be
Z = - 1.96 to + 1.96.
PROBLEMS OF RETAILERS – APPLICATION OF SIGN TEST
In order to know whether there is any significant difference in the responses of
retailers for each of the statement regarding Personal Problems, Labour Problems, Marketing
Problems and Finance Problems, Sign – test has been applied.
The results of Sign – Test with regard to responses of retailers in Sivakasi for each of
the statement of Problems are given in Table 31
TABLE 31
PROBLEMS OF RETAILERS – APPLICATION OF SIGN TEST
S.No. Problems Result
1
2
3
4
Personal Problems
Labour Problems
Marketing Problems
Finance Problems
Significant
Significant
Significant
Significant
From the above table, it is understand that there is a significant difference between the
opinions of responses of retailers about the problems of retail business. Therefore it is
concluded that the null hypothesis framed for this purpose is rejected.
PROSPECTS OF RETAIL BUSINESS IN SIVAKASI
The drivers aiding the growth of the industry are called as Prospects. The following
Prospects are aiding the growth of the retail industry in Sivakasi Taluk. These Prospects are
presented in Table 32
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TABLE 32
PROSPECTS OF RETAIL BUSINESS IN SIVAKASI
S.No. Opinion SA A No DA SDA Total
1. Sivakasi is suitable to retail
business
132
(66)
56
(28)
8
(4)
4
(2)
- 200
(100)
2. Chance to earn more profit 156
(78)
39
(19)
3
(2)
2
(1)
-
-
200
(100)
3. Needs lesser investment 102
(51)
86
(43)
-
(-)
8
(4)
4
(2)
200
(100)
4. Low competition in retail business 25
(12)
42
(21)
75
(38)
32
(16)
26
(13)
200
(100)
5. Does not needs advanced
technology
134
(67)
52
(26)
4
(2)
10
(5)
-
-
200
(100)
6. Government support to retail
business is enough
106
(53)
48
(24)
40
(20)
6
(3)
-
-
200
(100)
7. Financial assistance from
Institution is enough
86
(43)
69
(34.5)
38
(19)
7
(3.5)
-
-
200
(100)
8. Availability of sufficient labour
force
122
(61)
68
(34)
10
(5)
-
-
-
-
200
(100)
9. Better chance to growth 132
(66)
58
(29)
6
(3)
4
(2)
-
-
200
(100)
10. Less political influences 137
(68.5)
43
(21.5)
18
(9)
2
(1)
-
-
200
(100)
11. Low cost of factors of production 111
(55.5)
32
(16)
39
(19.5)
18
(9)
-
-
200
(100)
12. Lesser or No formalities of
Registration
69
(34.5)
89
(17.8)
32
(16)
7
(3.5)
3
(1.5)
200
(100)
13. No speculation affect in retail
business
96
(48)
27
(13.5)
42
(21)
35
(17.5)
-
-
200
(100)
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14. Sufficient Transport facilities 127
(63.5)
41
(20.5)
28
(14)
4
(2)
-
-
200
(100)
15. Better chance to business
expansion
108
(54)
63
(31.5)
18
(9)
11
(5.5)
-
-
200
(100)
16. Higher Quantum of population 138
(69)
48
(24)
9
(4.5)
5
(2.5)
-
-
200
(100)
17. Other infrastructure 101
(50.5)
59
(29.5)
29
(14.5)
11
(5.5)
-
-
200
(100)
18. No need for any specified
knowledge
55
(27.5)
75
(37.5)
15
(7.5)
50
(25)
5
(2.5)
200
(100)
19. Experience in these field does not
yields growth
96
(48)
56
(28)
32
(16)
16
(8)
-
-
200
(100)
20. Sufficient Natural resources 125
(62.5)
43
(21.5)
28
(14)
4
(2)
-
-
200
(100)
Source:PrimaryData
Note : The figures in the brackets show percentage to total
SA – Strongly Agree, A – Agree, No – NO opinion, DA – Disagree,
SAD- Strongly Disagee
Table 32 exhibits the Prospects of retail business in Sivakasi Taluk. Retailers tell their
opinion about 20 statements of retail business in sivakasi like chance to earn more profit,
needs lesser investment, low competition in retail business, does not needs advanced
technology, better chance to growth and so on.
To rank the prospects of retail industry in sivakasi, the weighted arithmetic mean
method has been used. The result of ranking is given in Table 33
TABLE 33
WEIGHTED ARITHMETIC MEAN FOR THE RANK
S.No. Opinion SA A NO DA SDA Total Total Average Rank
1. Sivakasi is suitable
to retail business
660 224 24 8 0 200 916 4.58 4
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2. Chance to earn more
profit
780 156 9 4 0 200 949 4.75 1
3. Needs lesser
investment
510 344 0 16 4 200 949 4.37 10
4. Low competition
inretail business
125 168 225 64 26 200 874 3.04 20
5. Does not need
advanced technology
670 208 12 20 0 200 608 4.55 7
6. Government support
to retail business is
enough
530 192 120 12 0 200 910 4.27 12
7 Financial assistance
from Institution is
enough
430 276 114 14 0 200 854 4.17 15
8 Availability of Suff-
icient labour force
610 272 30 0 0 200 834 4.56 6
9 chance to growth 660 232 18 8 0 200 912 4.59 3
10 Less political
influences
685 172 54 4 0 200 918 4.57 5
11 Low cost factors of
prodution
555 128 117 36 0 200 836 4.18 14
12 Lesser or no
formalities of
registration
345 356 96 14 0 200 811 4.06 17
13 No speculation affect
in retail business
480 108 126 70 0 200 784 3.92 18
14 Sufficient Transport
facilities
635 164 84 8 0 200 891 4.46 8
15 Better chance to
business expansion
540 252 54 22 0 200 868 4.34 11
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16 Higher Quantum of
population
690 192 27 10 0 200 919 4.60 2
17 Other infrastructure 505 236 87 22 0 200 850 4.25 13
18 No need for any
specified knowledge
275 300 45 100 5 200 725 3.63 19
19 Expereince in these
field does not yields
growth
480 224 96 32 0 200 832 4.16 16
20 Sufficient Natural
resources
625 172 84 8 0 200 889 4.45 9
Source : Processed Data
It is noted that among the 20 statement, chance to earn more profit is most important
factors because retail business has a lot of chance to earn more profit. Retailer is the final
stage in the channel of distribution, retailers can satisfy the customer needs and wants, and
earn more profit in their retail business. A second important factor is Higher Quantum of
population.
Competition plays an important role in each and every business. In retail business
there should be shift competition. To overcome the competition the retailers can satisfy the
needs and wants of the customer.
KOLMOGROV – SMIRNOV ( K – S ) TEST
Kolmogrov – Smirnov ( KS) is a non – parametric test. It requires less assumption.
This test can be applied when the sample size is more than 40. This is used to find out
whether an empirical distribution agrees with an assumed theoretical one or not. There are
Twenty Statements and each statement has Prospectus of Retail business in Sivakasi. The
following formula is applied in this test.
D2 = O – E
D = refers to calculated value
O = refers to cumulative observed proportion
E = refers to cumulative expected proportion
ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK
In Kolmogrov – Smirnov (KS) Test, the cumulative observed proportion is calculated
on the basis of observed number. In each case the observed properties are calculated by
dividing the respondents. For all gradations, the same method of calculation is followed. On
the basis of observed proportion cumulative proportion is calculated. Cumulative expected
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proportion is calculated on the basis of expected proportion. Since there are five gradations,
each gradation (ie 0.20 ) is assigned as expected proportion on the basis of observed
proportion and the cumulative expected proportion is calculated.
For each gradation, the difference between cumulative observed proportion and
cumulative expected proportion is calculated. The largest difference will be taken as
calculated value.
The Table value at both 95 per cent and 99 per cent confidence level is 1.36/ √n, ie
1.36/ √200 = 0.096. If the calculated value is greater than the table value, the null hypothesis
is rejected otherwise accepted.
APPLICATION OF KOLMOGROV – SMIRNOV ( K – S ) TEST
In order to study the opinion of the retailers about the various prospects statements
regards with Retail Business, the Kolmogorov – Smirnov ( K-S ) Test has been used. For the
purpose of this study, the following Null hypothesis is framed.
There is no significant difference in the opinion of the Retailers about the statements
regard with prospects retail business in sivakasi
The result of Kolmogrov – Smirnov test is given in Table 34
TABLE 34
RESULT OF KOLMOGROV – SMIRNOV (K – S) TEST
S.No. Opinion Calculated
‘D’ Value Table Value Result
1. Sivakasi is suitable to retail
business
0.54 0.096 Significant
2. Chance to earn more profit o.58 0.096 Significant
3. Needs lesser investment 0.54 0.096 Significant
4. Low competition in retail business 0.11 0.096 Significant
5. Does not needs advanced
technology
0.53 0.096 Significant
6. Government support to retail
business is enough
0.37 0.096 Significant
7. Financial assistance from
Institution is enough
0.38 0.096 Significant
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8. Availability of sufficient labour
force
0.55 0.096 Significant
9. Better chance to growth 0.55 0.096 Significant
10. Less political influences 0.50 0.096 Significant
11. Low cost of factors of production 0.39 0.096 Significant
12. Lesser or No formalities of
Registration
0.38 0.096 Significant
13. No speculation affect in retail
business
0.28 0.096 Significant
14. Sufficient Transport facilities 0.44 0.096 Significant
15. Better chance to business
expansion
0.46 0.096 Significant
16. Higher Quantum of population 0.53 0.096 Significant
17. Other infrastructure 0.40 0.096 Significant
18. No need for any specified
knowledge
0.26 0.096 Significant
19. Experience in these field does not
yields growth
0.36 0.096 Significant
20. Sufficient Natural resources 0.44 0.096 Significant
Overall 0.01 0.096 Not Significant
The result of Kolmogrov – Smirnov (KS) test gives clear idea about the opinion of
retailers about the prospects of retail industry in sivakasi. According to KS – Test the
retailers have different opinion about the individual statement of prospects of retail industry
but in total all the retailers feel that the retail industry of sivakasi has good prospects.
Therefore it is concluded that there is significant difference between the opinions of retailers
about individual statement about prospects of retail industry and there is no significant
different between the opinions of retailers about prospects of retail business in sivakasi in
total.
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FINDINGS OF THE STUDY
The findings of the study is summarized below
It is inferred that more number of retailers are male, lie under the age group of 35
years to 45 years, backward community, Hindu, married, undergraduate.
It is vivid that retailers with a monthly income of Rs 10,000 ( 33.50%) are found
more in the Sivakasi Taluk.
Most of the respondents are Grocessary shop retailers which occupy 22.50 per cent.
It is clear that most of the respondents are not having previous experience in the retail
business.
It is understood that majority of the respondents are supported by the family members.
It is known that most of the respondents have stated that they receive financial help
from family members.
It is inferred that majority of the respondents doing their forefathers business.
It is lucid that, the majority of respondents (60%) have taken the decision
independently.
Majority of the respondents (75%) have business unit at urban areas.
It enlightens the fact that the majority of the respondents (48%) located their shop in
residential area.
It is found that 55 per cent of the respondents are doing the business under sole trader
form
It is concluded that 29 per cent of the respondents are withstand in these field from 15
to 20 years.
It is inferred that most of the respondents (80%) have utilized their full capacity.
The lack of working capital is the cause for under utilization of resources.
It is realised that majority (86.50%) of the retailers procure the raw materials from
open market.
It is known from that most of the respondents (39%) have purchased products against
credit.
Most of the respondents (73%) have adequate marketing facilities.
It is inferred that most of the respondents (36%) are made credit sales to their
customer.
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It is clear that most of the respondents (52.78%) having the problem of bad debts.
It is known that majority of the respondents (67.50% ) not advertise their product.
It is vivid that majority 47.50 per cent of respondents have used borrowed funds for
their business and 33.68 per cent of respondents have borrowed funds from their
relatives.
It is known that majority of the respondents are not availed government assistance and
44.44 per cent of the respondents get power concession from government.
There is no significant difference among the opinion of retailers about the problems of
retail business.
According to the Kolmogrov – Smirnov (K- S) Test, there is a significant difference
in the opinions of retailers about the individual 20 statements about prospects of retail
business.
There is no significant difference among the opinion of retailers about the prospects
of retail business in Sivakasi.
SUGGESTIONS OF THE STUDY
The following suggestions are offered to improve the retail business position in
Sivakasi.
The location of the stores should be convenient and easy to access. The distance that
the consumer must travel to shop is the basic criteria.
The goods should be properly packaged.
Certain specialized item which are used or consumed on special occasions or festivals
or local celebrations should be available in the shops.
Effective control system must be introduced for controlling purchases, storing and
inspection of goods, it is highly useful for maintaining quality of goods sold. The out
of date inventories are to be immediately identified and removed from the store.
Motivating the staffs for improving the performance of their work. The quality of
service is a key factor and winning a higher share of customer. Staff must be trained
and motivated to recognize their best customers and to offer them superior service.
The quality of management of the customer is becoming an increasingly important
source in improving the customer service. Education and training of staff needs to be
done to enhance service.
The frequent buyers should be maintained with the personalized report.
The promotional measures such as advertising in local television, banner etc. This
result in confidence and trust by customers on the store about the availability of the
specialized items or products. The amount of promotion done by a shop depends on a
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number of factors such as store policy, how frequently they bring in new products and
new stocks conducting of promotional schemes, general awareness of the shop, the
market segment catered to and the budget available for promotion.
Technology and innovation will serve as the fuel in enabling the customer‟s shopping
experience. Hence new technology may be adopted in serving the customers.
The Government should reduce the Registration formalities and Regulation.
The customers expect best shopping experience so the management should take care
of environment. The key indictors such as product offering, physical characteristics of
the store, store personnel, location convince, prices, customer‟s services.
The retailer should effectively utilize the natural resources.
The retailers should clarify the customers doubt about the product and services and
then purchase the product.
The retailers should properly pay the loan and advances to the financial institutions or
government institutions they reduce the interest rates.
CONCLUSION
Today retailers must differentiate themselves by meeting the needs of their customers
better than the competitors. Retailers should prepare marketing plans that include decision on
target market, product assortment and procurement, services and stores atmosphere, price
promotion and proper placement of products inside the retail shops. There is a general
agreement that a basic retailing strategy for creating competitive advantage is the delivery of
high service quality. Therefore, by giving better service and product, definitely the retailers
can taste the success.
REFERENCES
BOOKS
Gandhi, J.C “Marketing Management”, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing, New Delhi,
Year 2001.
Kotler Philp., “Marketing Management”, Sultan Chand and Company Private
Limited, New Delhi, Twelth Edition, 2003.
Pillai., R.S.N and Bhagavathi, “Marketing Management”, Sultan and Chand and Sons,
New Delhi, Second Edition 1999.
Jain., J.N and Singh.,P.P, “Modern Retail Management”, Tata McGraw Hill
Publishing, New Delhi, Year 2006.
Agarwal.,B.L, “Basic Statistics”, Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi, Second
Edition,1996.
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MAGAZINES
Anusingh Lather and TRipat Kaur, :It‟s all at the mall: Exploring Present Shopping
Experiences” Indian Journal of Marketing, volXXXVI, August 2006.
Dabholkar P.A Torpe and J.O. Rentz, 1996 “Ameasre of service quality for retail
stores: scale development and validation”, Journal Academy of marketing science, vol
24.
Gupta.C.P, and Mitali Chaturvedi, “Retailing: An Emerging Trend in India”, Indian
Journal of Marketing, June 2007.
Sudhakar, G.P., “Retailing in India – What‟s up”, Indian Journal of Marketing, vol15,
June 2005.
Vimal Sukumar, “Customer Satisfaction”, Indian Journal of Marketing, Vol 16,
November 2001.
Vijay Durga Prasad, “The spread of Organised Retaling in India – With a special
reference to Vijayawada City”, Indian Journal of Marketing, May 2007.
Divya. M and Chinnadorai,K.M, “Retailing – An Emerging Sector in India”, SMART
Journal of Business Management studies, vol 5, Jan- June 2009.
WEBSITES
www.retail industry.com.
www.supermarketsindia.com.
www.thehindubusinessline.com.
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