ACADEMİC WRİTİNG
PROBLEM, PROCESS, AND SOLUTION (PART 1)
Stefan Rathert
OVERVIEW
Problem-solution texts
The structure of problem-solution texts
Language focus: Midposition adverbs
Process
PROBLEM-SOLUTION TEXTS
•problem-to-solution movement underlying structure in academic writing•frequently used in introductions and critiques
PROBLEM-SOLUTION TEXTS
•procedure and process often components in problem-solution structure•procedure: steps required to solve a problem•process: description of sequence of events, e.g. how a problem emerges
PROBLEM-SOLUTION TEXTS
•problem-to-solution texts usually argumentative and evaluative•researcher perceptive and questioning
EXAMPLE OF A PROBLEM-SOLUTION TEXT
THE SITUATION
EXAMPLE OF A PROBLEM-SOLUTION TEXT
THE PROBLEM
EXAMPLE OF A PROBLEM-SOLUTION TEXT
THE SOLUTION
EXAMPLE OF A PROBLEM-SOLUTION TEXT
THE EVALUATION
STRUCTURE OF A PROBLEM-SOLUTION TEXT
SITUATION
PROBLEM
SOLUTION
EVALUATION
EXAMPLE OF A PROBLEM-SOLUTION TEXT
THE SITUATION
There are various benefits that student-teachers can accrue from researching their own practice as they focus their intellects, academic knowledge, and personal experience on conducting classroom-based research (Steinberg and Kincheloe 1998).
EXAMPLE OF A PROBLEM-SOLUTION TEXT
THE PROBLEM
Unfortunately, however, many teachers rarely engage in research unless encouraged to do so by teacher education (Borg 2009a).
EXAMPLE OF A PROBLEM-SOLUTION TEXT
THE SOLUTION
To help teachers become research active, Borg (2009b) suggests that teacher education courses can be organized and structured in certain ways. For example, they can include awareness-raising activities (….) Teachers may thus be empowered, pedagogically, cognitively, and politically (Steinberg and Kincheloe op.cit.), to become more active in supporting learning.
EXAMPLE OF A PROBLEM-SOLUTION TEXT
THE EVALUATION
However, notwithstanding the work of Atay (op.cit.), writing in a Turkish context, little of this supporting evidence comes from the field of ELT (Borg 2009a).
MIDPOSITION ADVERBS
In addition, with sufficient space and time, participating teachers may more easily develop their ideas.
Teachers may thus be empowered, pedagogically, cognitively, and politically (Steinberg and Kincheloe op.cit.), to become more active in supporting learning.
MIDPOSITION ADVERBS
The provisions of the law must be applied with care.
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The provisions of the law must carefully be applied.
In chapter 10, Ellis describes in only a couple of paragraphs seven theories of SLA.
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In chapter 10, Ellis briefly describes seven theories of SLA.
PROCESS Figure 1 illustrates the interaction of
acquisition and learning in adult second language production.
Fig.1. Model for adult second language performance
REFERENCES
Krashen, S. (1981). Second language acquisition and second language learning. Pergamon Press: University of Carolina (First internet edition 2002) Retrieved from: http://sdkrashen.com/SL_Acquisition_and_Learning/SL_Acquisition_and_Learning.pdf
Swales, J.M. and Feak, C.B. (1994). Academic writing for graduate students. Essential tasks and skills (2nd Edition). The University of Michigan Press: Michigan.
Wyatt, M. (2011). Teachers researching their own practice. ELT Journal 65/4, p. 417-425.
Thank you for your attention.Enjoy your coffee.
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