Principles of Initial
Injury Management
1D Danger
R Response
A Airway
B Breathing
C Circulation
Three Steps in initial injury
Management
Commence CPR if required
SSTOPSTOP the athlete from
participating or
moving.
STOP the game if
necessary.
TALKTALK to the injured athlete
•What happened?
•How did it happen?
•What did you feel?
•Where does it hurt?
•Does it hurt anywhere
else?
•Can you play on?
•If no - Arrange
appropriate transport
PREVENT
FURTHER INJURYPrevent further
injury by ensuring
a detailed
assessment using
TOTAPS
OBSERVEOBSERVE whilst talking to the athlete
GENERAL
•Is the athlete distressed?
•Is the athlete lying in an unusual
position/posture?
INJURY SITE
•Is there any swelling/ deformity/
discolouration?
•Can the athlete move the injured
part?
If yes
•does it hurt to move?
•Is the range of movement restricted
(compared to normal/ other limb)?
If no
•arrange appropriate transport
POT
2
STOP
TALKHistory of:•incident•individual
3
OBSERVEExpose and compare for:•Swelling•Discolouration
•Deformity
TOUCHCompared to uninjured side:•Tenderness•Temperature•Pain
ACTIVE
MOVEMENTAthlete moves injured part through full range of movement -ONLY TO POINT OF PAIN
PASSIVE
MOVEMENTSports trainer moves injured part through full range of movement -ONLY TO POINT OF PAIN
SKILL TESTAthlete performs progress skill test appropriate
for the sport
T SPATO
TOTAPS
• What happened to cause the incident?
• What happened to the injured person
within that incident?
• What is the problem?
• Where does it hurt?
The incident
TALK
• Any special medical conditions/ problems,
e.g. diabetes
• Any previous injuries to this body part
• Any previous injuries to the same part on
the opposite side of the body
• Any recent injuries
Past History
• Expose the body part and the opposite
limb
• Compare the injured side to the uninjured
side
• Look for:
– Swelling
– Deformity
– Discolouration
– How is the area being held
OBSERVE
• Compare with the opposite side of the
body
• Begin touching away
from the injury and
slowly and gently
move towards the
injury site
• Feel for tenderness,
temperature and pain
TOUCH
If evidence of a possible
fracture or dislocation is
identified
STOP ASSESSMENT
begin fracture
management
• Locate to exact site of pain
• Is the injury site hot, swollen?
• Are there any unusual lumps or bumps?
• Can the athlete move the part?
– Full or restricted range of motion
• Does it hurt to move the part?
– How much pain?
– When does the pain occur?
• Compare the injured side to the uninjured
side
ACTIVE MOVEMENT
STOP ASSESSMENT
• Use PRICER and NO HARM principles
• Stop and begin management of the injuryIf there is significant pain and restriction:
If there is no pain:
• Move onto PASSIVE MOVEMENT
• Can it be moved through full range of
movement?
• At what point does pain occur?
• Compare the range of movement between
the injured and uninjured side
Compare passive movement to the
active movements:
PASSIVE MOVEMENT
STOP ASSESSMENT
• Use PRICER and NO HARM principles
If there is significant pain and restriction:
If there is no pain:
• Move onto SKILL
• Stop and begin management of the injury
• Appropriate sport specific skills
• Progressive skills
– Z running
– Single leg hops
– Hope for distance
– Tackles
• Does it look symmetrical?
• Is it pain FREE?
SKILL Tests
4
1
2
3
Initial Injury Assessment.
Apply STOP principle
Initial Injury Assessment- Summary
Ensure there is no threat to players life.
Apply DR ABC principle
Detailed Injury Assessment.
Apply TOTAPS principle
Commence initial treatment
Apply PRICER and NO HARM principles
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