Principles of FlightLesson 2 – Stability and Control
Stalling
Principles of FlightStability and Control
3 aircraft axes
Why do we want stability?
Longitudinal Stability
• Response to bumps• Response to aircraft not being
trimmed correctly
Lateral Stability
• Response to bumps that lift one wing only
Lateral Stability
Lateral Stability
Directional Stability
• Response to side forces – e.g crosswinds
Pilot Controls
• Easiest way to show you is…..
FLIGHT SIM!
How can we make it easier for the pilot?
• Constantly having to adjust the controls is tiring
• The balance of the plane is always changing due to the weather, weight changes and power settings
• To make life easier for the pilots, the thoughtful designers add Trim Tabs
Trim Tabs
Trim Tabs
Other control surfaces
• Flaps - revision
Flaps
• Flaps can extend to different positions– 0, 30, 60, 90 typical
• Flaps greatly increase lift with not much drag penalty up to around 60°
• From 60° to 90° the drag shoots up• To maintain speed, the pilot lowers
the nose – giving a better view of the runway
Flaps
Flaps
Slats
Flaps and Slats working together
Principles of FlightStalling
Stalling
• What is a stall?• Why does a stall occur?• What affects the speed at which the
stall occurs
What we learnt last week• Increase in AoA increase lift
What we learnt last week• Lift increase with AofA until it stalls
Things that affect the stall - weight
Things that affect the stall – ‘g’
Things that affect the stall – angle of bank
This is what happens!
Things that affect the stall – power
Things that affect the stall – flaps
Things that affect the stall – other things!
• Ice – build up changes the shape of the wing and can greatly increase the stall speed
• Wing damage – damage can disrupt airflow and increase stalling speed
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