Presented by:Aashish BariSandesh DhanawadeDeepak JainSiddharth jain Rashmi R. BokolialKanhaiya L.Gupta
Agenda 1. Transactional Analysis.
2. Interpersonal Communication.
3. Self monitoring Activity.
4. Issues influencing interpersonal communication.
5. Case Study: Implication of T.A. & I.C. for conflict resolution.
Transactional AnalysisTransactional Analysis is a theory developed by Dr. Eric Berne
in the 1950s.
Originally trained in psychoanalysis, Berne wanted a theory which could be understood and available to everyone.
Transactional Analysis is a social psychology and a method to improve communication.
The theory outlines how we have developed and treat ourselves, how we relate and communicate with others, and offers suggestions and interventions which will enable us to change and grow.
TA includes 3 major areas that are –Ego States, Transaction, and Strokes & Games.
Ego StatesA. Parent Ego State – characterized by
domineering, over protective & loving, stern and critical. It is illustrated by those who establish standard and rule for other.
B. Adult Ego State – In this people attack problems in a cool minded rational manner. In adult state information is gathered, carefully analyze it, generate alternative, and make logical choices.
C. Child Ego State – submissive & conforming, insubordinate, emotional, joyful, or rebellious. Characterize by very immature behaviors.
Transaction between ego states A. Complimentary transaction: It shows 3 possible
complementary. Transactions are complimentary if the message sent or behavior exhibited by 1 person ego state receive the appropriate and expected response from the other person ego state.
P
A A
P
C
P
C
P
C
A A
C
P
CC
AA
P
B. Crossed Transaction: It is occurs when message sent the behavior exhibited by the 1 person’s ego state is reacted to by an incompatible and unexpected ego state on the part of the other person.
C. Ulterior Transaction: They are very damaging to interpersonal relation because it always involve at least two ego state on the part of 1 person. Individual may say one thing but mean quite another.
Strokes and Games Strokes: It means simply that beginning in infancy and
continuing throughout their lives, people need cuddling, affection, recognition, and praise. People don’t get positive strokes when they will seek out negative strokes. The strokes is divided in to two categories:-
Positive Negative
Games: Games are set or pattern of transactions that have surface logic but hidden meaning and attempt to drawing in an unsuspecting participant. The outcome of the games is always a win - lose proposition.
Interpersonal Communication Interpersonal communication deals
with relationships between people, usually in face-to-face private settings.
Interpersonal communication is the primary way through which relationships are created, maintained, and changed.
Uses of Interpersonal Communication
Give and collect information.Influence the attitudes and behavior of
others.Give and receive emotional support.Form contacts and maintain relationships.Make sense of the world and our experiences
in it.Make decisions and solve problems.
Self Monitoring ActivityCommunication ability assessment specially listening, conversation-orientation & approach while communicating with others.
Make sure to be honest about your assessment.
Yes or No?
Results 1. No2. No3. Yes4. No 5. No6. No7. No8. No9. No10.No
8 – 10 marks- good enough.
6 – 8 marks- significant room for improvement.
Below 6- are poor in proper communication, needs to work hard to improve listening & other communication skills.
Issues influencing Interpersonal Communication
Personality conflict:
Each of us has a unique way of interacting with others.
Personal opposition always based on :personal dislikes,personal Ego states, personal disagreements, different personality styles.
Example: Imagine the potential for a top level personality conflict at EMC corp.., a leading maker of data storage equipment.M.C. Ruegggers was CEO for 9yrs.
J.M. Tucci was working under him.
Gave up his position in 2001,due to personality conflict.
Become new CEO in 2001.
In 2002, interview he gave ‘A’ grade to Tucci for innovation & Strategic mgmt. but ‘F’ in fin. Mgmt. because of loss.
Tucci wanted to move faster to cut cost, make acquisitions & introduce new software's.
He is not interested one to one relation.
He ‘ld like to make one-to-one relation.
Make tough decisions slowly. Make tough decisions quickly.
He thinks thank-you is a sign of weakness.
Tucci praises & thanks his troops regularly.
Gender Differences
15
Communication Barriers between men & women:
Difference in style of conversation.Both have different mind set, priorities and
principles.Ways of dealing with the same situation are
very different.A research shows that Men use to talk to
emphasize status whereas women use it to create connection.
Cultural Differences
17
Cross Cultural CommunicationBarriers caused by differences among
perception.Barriers caused by tone difference.Barriers caused by semantics.Same word mean different things to different
people.Barriers caused by word connotations. Words
imply different things in different languages.
‘Politically Correct’ Communication:
How do you describe a person who is ‘wheelchair bound’ (as handicapped or physically challenged)
Similarly, a blind or visually impaired,Elderly or senior,We must be sensitive of others feelings.Should choose politically correct word.Words might have the same meaning but
politically correctness refers either words are soothing or hurting someone.
CASE STUDYHeading off a Permanent Misunderstanding
Mindy Martin, Al Sharp, Walter Murdoch are working together in an organization.
Mindy Martin and Al Sharp were good friends and all three had very healthy competition between them as they all were at the same level.
Martin was very hard working, ambitious and responsible employee. Because of their hard work and good efforts, Martin’s division had become the leader in the company and the upper management had praised her lavishly.
She believed that with a good recommendation from Sharp, she would get that promotion.
But unfortunately Murdoch received the promotion and moved to Topeka.
Martin was shocked. It was bad enough that she did not get the promotion, but she could not stand the fact that Murdoch had been chosen.
She and Al Sharp had taken to calling Murdoch ‘Mr. Intolerable’, because neither of them could stand his pompous arrogance.
She felt that his being chosen was an insult to her.
When the grapevine confirmed her suspicion that Al Sharp had strongly influenced the decision, she determined to reduce her interaction with Sharp to a bare minimum.
Relations in the office were very chilly for almost a month. Sharp soon gave up trying to get that in Martin’s favor and they began communicating only in short.
Finally William Attridge, their immediate boss, called the two for a meeting. William said, “we’re going to sit here until you two become friends again.
Martin resisted for a few minutes, denying that anything had changed in their relationship, but when she saw that Attridge was serious, she finally said, “Sharp seems more interested in dealing with Walter Murdoch.”
Sharp could not say anything. Attridge came to the rescue.
Attridge said that, Martin if you’re upset about that promotion, you'd know that Sharp had nothing but praised for you and kept pointing out how this division would suffer if we buried you in Topeka.
With your bonuses you are making as much as
Murdoch and if you work here continues to be outstanding, you’ll be headed for much better place than Topeka.
Embarrassed, Martin looked up at Sharp and apologized for treating him unfairly.
The next day office was almost back to normal. Martin and Sharp use to take a coffee break together every day as earlier.
Stages/ periods
Ego States
Strokes Games InterpersonalCommunication
Before Promotion
Adult Ego
Expecting promotion.
Friendly, giving time to each other, trust & enjoy free time together.
informal & formal, face-to-face communication.
Promotion takes place
Parent Ego
Did not get the promotion.
Chilly environment in office, not listening to Sharp.
No interpersonal communication.
Cold war period
Child Ego Felt that was betrayed by Sharp.
Cold war, avoidance & escape from confrontations.
Only work related short communication.
Meeting and thereafter
Adult Ego
Came to know the truth, realized her mistake & apologized.
New relation have been established, more healthy & strong.
Healthy Communicationre-established.
ConclusionNow with the help of Psychoanalytical theory
i.e. Transactional Analysis, Martin can understand her different behavior in different situation and can improve those behavior which are not fruitful in those situation.
She can also use Interpersonal communication as to understand the person, real situation/conflicts better.
She can apply both to understand other’s behavior so that she can negotiate with them easily and effectively.
Any Question
Thank you
Top Related