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Asif BhangorChartered Civil/ Structural Engineer, Australia
Transmission Line Engineering
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Introduction
Transmission Lines are used in transmission of electricity
from location of power generation to the a terminal yard.
High Voltage Transmission lines typically range from
132kV to 330kV/ 400kV and 1000kV.
Environmental, Electr ical, Geotechnical and Civil/
Structural Engineering work together to deliver
sustainable solutions to the community in terms of its
power needs.
Purpose of this presentation is to provide technical
knowledge and awareness to relevant disciplines
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Environmental Issues
Initially a transmission line is planned to take a certain
route from start to finish dependent on generation
requirements and load connection points.
It is responsibility of an Environmental Engineers to worktogether with relevant community members/ engineering
authorities so as to select a route and obtain approval
from stakeholders/ government authorities.
Issues may range from vegetation, heritage, social,
political, earth potential rise, low frequency induction
including other engineering aspects
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Electrical Issues
Depending upon power requirements certain voltage
levels are planned for transmission of electricity from
generation to the terminal end.
It is responsibility of Electrical Engineers to worktogether with relevant authorities so as to finalize the
conductor selection, insulator selection and fittings for
the transmission line.
Issues may range from voltage losses, earth potentialrise, low frequency induction, sag and tensions, span
lengths, profiling, tower spotting and electrical
clearances.
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Civil/ Structural/ Geo Issues
After finalization of span lengths and conductorclearances (ground, equipment etc.) a structural system
for carrying the conductors is established.
It is responsibility of a Civil/ Structural Engineer to work
together with the Electrical Engineer so as to finalize thedesign of the structures for the transmission line.
Issues may range from load calculation, modelling of
towers, structural and foundation design, load testing,
fabrication and installation.
Finalise foundation design parameters for foundations
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Transmission Line Engineer
Civil/ Structural Engineer
Geotechnical Engineer
Environmental Engineer
Electrical Engineer
Understanding who we are
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Electrical Design - 1
Conductor Selection using optimum span selection
Hardware selection using design load generated from
selected span loadings and serviceability requirements
Tower spotting using PLS CADD software
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Electrical Design - 2
PLS CADD Software
Represents all structures with all attached cables and insulators
Strings and sags the line interactively or automatically
Performs any sag and tension calculation, including the effect of
creep
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Electrical Design - 3
PLS CADD Software
A 3-dimensional terrain model lets:
Select the route
Automatically draw the required
vertical clearance line for any
specified voltage
Import terrain data from GPS,
photogrammetry or total station
surveying equipment
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PLS-CADD Screenshot
Rio Tinto 220kV Transmission Line Profiled in PLS-CADD
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Tower Design - 1
Clearance Diagrams
Transmission Line Engineer
responsible to establish
minimum requirements for
clearance to the structure
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Tower Design - 2
Structural Design
Transmission Line Engineer responsible to design the Steel
structure for strength and serviceability requirements
PLS Tower is a specialised software used for design of steel
towers
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Tower Design - 3
Structural Design Process in PLS Tower
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Tower Design - 4
Structural Design Code
Design of latticed steel is carried out based on ASCE 10-90 and
relevant editions
Based on member design for compression and tension only
Some members are subject to bending
Horizontal members where man-load during installation is possible Crossarms
Some members are subject to bending and compression, check
for combined action
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Tower Design - 5
Structural Modelling in PLS Tower
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Tower Design - 6
Structural Analysis in PLS Tower
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Installation of Towers - 1
Tower Installation in China (Beijing 2008) prior to the load test
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Installation of Towers - 2
Typical crossarm end connection
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Installation of Towers - 3
Connecting the base at the test pad
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Tower Loading Gantry
Loading gantry connects to the tower using a cable (capacity 210kN) and is pulled with
hydraulic machinery controlled by a Control Room Operator during testing
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Tower Testing 1Tower testing in China for the Neerabup 330kV Double Circuit Towers
2 suspension tower during loading broken
wire case (October 2008)
45 strain tower during assembly one day
prior to load test (November 2008)
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Tower Testing 2
Tower testing in China for the Neerabup 330kV Double
Circuit 90 strain/ terminal tower (November 2008)
*Photo taken from the loading gantry at the 100m
level above ground
90 strain/ terminal tower before final load test
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Destruction Test - Example
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Destruction Test - Example
Tower Test in China (Beijing, November 2008)
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Tower Testing 3
A video
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Site Assembly Works - 1
Sorting all steel work at the site location
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Site Assembly Works - 2
Assembly on the ground prior to erection
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Site Assembly Works - 3
Erecting the towers
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Tower Assembly Video
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Foundation Design
Typical Pile Foundation
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The future brings
Existing transmission lines need maintenance in harshclimates (such as high winds, corrosive, ice).
Existing transmission lines need upgrade to carry more
electricity and therefore assessment of structural integrity is
needed.
High electricity demand requires more transmission lines to
be built in many areas for national development.
Transmission Line Engineers need to be more aware of
developing tools for effective power transmission thereby
reducing losses to the generation => Converting Lines from
AC to DC.
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Questions?
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