PRESENTATION ONCHILLIES BREEDING
PRESENTED BY: F.Z ROLL NO: 08
PLANT BREEDING &GENETICS
CLASSIFICATION Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Solanales Family: Solanaceae (night shade
family) Genus: Capsicum Specie: annum, frutescence,
baccatum, pubescence, chinense
Ccapsicum baccatum Capsicum chinense
Capsicum frutescens Capsicum pubescens
Capsicum annum
INTRODUCTION Chillie is both a vegetable crop & a spice crop. It is rich source of Vitamin A & C. There are more than 400 varieties of chillies
found all over the world. It is also called as hot pepper, sweet pepper,
bell pepper etc. Its fruit is called as peprika. Both Chillie & Capsicum belong to the same
genus,i.e; Capsicum. Pungency in chillies is due to alkaloid capsaicin. Red color of chillies is due to the pigment
capsanthin. Capsicum/Shimla mirch/bell pepper, is less
pungent.
DIFFERENCE b/w Chilli & Capsicum
chilliCapsicum
C. frutescence known as hot pepper.
Perennial in nature.
White colored flower.
Frits born in clusters and thin peel.
Growth determinate.
More pungent. Vit. - c content
high. Self pollinated. Used as spices.
C. annum known as sweet or bell pepper.
Annual in nature. White, purple &
radish colored flower. Fruits born singly and
thick peel. Growth
indeterminate. Less pungent. Vit.- c content low. Cross pollinated. Used as vegetable.
HISTORY Its species are
native to America ,where they have been cultivated for thousands of years.
The three species C. annuum, C. frutescens and C. chinense evolved from a common ancestor located in the North of the Amazon basin.
CLIMATE
Growing chillies require warm growin environment.
It is raised from sea level to 2000 meter above sea level.
Optimum temperature for fruit set is 24°C.
Night temperature below 10°C fruit set restricted.
Fruit weight, length, girth and pericarp thickness were high at 25°C day and 18°C night temperature.
SOIL & FIELD PREPARATION Chilli can be grown all types of soils from light sandy to heavy clay.
Optimum soil pH for chilli is 5.8 to 6.5.
Very sensitive to water logging.
Thoroughly plough the land 3-4 times followed by planking to level the field
IRRIGATION
Chilli plant cannot withstand water stagnation & excess moisture.
Hence light irrigation &proper drainage is recommended.
Generally crop is irrigated at an interval of 5-6days in summer and 9-10 days in winter.
Sandy soil require frequent irrigation than clay soil.
INTRUSTING
BHUT JOLOKIA IS THE WORLDS HOTTEST
PEPPER.
BREEDING
CHIL
LIES
Chilli is self-pollinating crop. In which pollen grains transfer to
stigma of same flower or different flower in same plant.
Such crops are highly homozygous.
Breeding methods for self pollinating crops;
COMMONLY USED METHODS/ GENERAL BREEDING METHODS
RARELY USED METHODS
Plant introduction Mutation breeding
Selection(pureline, mass selection, )
polyploidy
Hybridization(pedigree, bulk, single seed descent, backcross)
Transgenic breeding
PLANT INTRODUCTION:- It is introducing a plant into new
regions from its growing locality. Proper management is very
important. Material which is to be introduced
should not carry any pest and disease.
MASS SELECTION:- It is oldest method. M.S refers to the selection of
superior plants on the basis of phenotype from a mixed population. Their seeds are bulked &used to raise the next generation.
MERIT:- Good for improvement of old
cultivars& landraces. For purification of improved
cultivars. Mass selected varieties provide
good protection against diseases.
Mass selected varieties are more stable in performance than pure line varieties.
DEMERITS:- Progeny test is not carried out. The product is less uniform than
pure line.
PURE-LINESELECTION: Merits:-
Isolate best genotypes.
Demerits:- Do not
develop new genotype.
Have poor adaptability due to narrow genetic base.
HYBRIDIZATION:- Crossing of two dissimilar plants is
known as Hybridization. A cross is made b/w male parent of
one genotype & female parent of other genotype.
We get F1 hybrid. BULK METHOD:- F2 &subsequent generations are
harvested in bulk, &at the end individual plant selection &evaluation is made in F8.
Superior progenies are released as new cultivar.
SINGLE SEED DESCENT METHOD:- A breeding procedure used with
segreggating populations of self pollinated species in which plants are advanced by single seed from one generation to the next is referred to as SSD method.
In this method, a single seed from each of 1000-2000 plants are bulked to raise nnext generation.
In F3 & subsequent generations one random seed is selected from every plant in population & harvested in bulk to raise the next generation
VARIETIES OF CAPSICUM ANNUM
VARIETIES OF CAPSICUM CHINENSE
VARIETIES OF CAPSICUM FRUTESCENS
THANKS
FOR
ATTENTION
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