1 © Affarii Technologies Limited, 2010
June 2010
2 © Affarii Technologies Limited, 2010
cellular network evolution
Macro Base Station Central: RF, Baseband and Transport
Layer in the same cabinet near base of transmission tower.
High site costs, inflexible upgrades.
“Remote Radio” Network Distributed: Remote baseband connected to
Radio Head (RRH) located near the antenna using high speed optical link.
Lower site costs, flexible upgrades.
Macro Base Station
Electrical cable
WAN backhaul
Baseband
Transport Layer
RF RRH
Distributed Base Station
= Remote Radio Head(RRH)
Optical Fiber/
Baseband Data
RRH RRH
Baseband
Transport Layer
WAN backhaul
U.E.
RRH
2G 4G
Cellular Networks have evolved from a macro to distributed BTS architecture. The key component in this new architecture is the Remote Radio Head (RRH).
3 © Affarii Technologies Limited, 2010
remote radio head
The RRH is responsible for converCng digital data on the opCcal link to RF carriers for radio transmission and recepCon.
The RRH includes signal processing for Digital Up/Down Conversion (DUC/DDC), Crest Factor ReducCon (CFR) and Digital PredistorCon (DPD).
By using an FPGA with DSP cells, SERDES, and soS processor blocks all digital funcConality can be included in a single reconfigurable FPGA device.
CPRI/OSBAI INTERFACE
RRH DIGITAL PROCESSING
GPIO/USER IO
RRH CONTROL PROCESSOR
ADAPTION
SY
NC
DDC
DPD
DUC+CFR
PA DAC
ADC
LOTX/DPD
LNA ADC
LORX
Optical link to baseband processing network.
4 © Affarii Technologies Limited, 2010
RRH processor solution LaVce and Affarii provide all blocks necessary to build an RRH on ECP3.
CPRI/OSBAI INTERFACE
RRU PROCESSOR
RX ADC
TX DAC
FBK ADC GPIO/USER IO
SDRAM INTERACE
GENERAL PURPOSE PROCESSOR (GPP)
ETHERNET MAC
SYN
C
DATA PROCESSOR
ADAPTION ENGINE
DIGITAL UP CONVERSION (DUC)
DIGITAL DOWN CONVERSION (DDC)
DIGITAL PRE-DISTORTION (DPD)
DUC CFR
DPD
DDC SERDES
PHY
SDRAM
I/O
Lattice Affarii
Includes CFR and DPD blocks for peak reducCon and amplifier linearizaCon.
Low resource DUC and DDC designs for common standards such as WCDMA, LTE and WiMAX.
5 © Affarii Technologies Limited, 2010
crest factor reduction (cfr)
CFR CLIP
SAMPLE
FILTER GEN
AGC PAPR
Crest Factor ReducCon:
Reduces signal peak level to reduce amplifier size and cost.
Supports mulC-‐carrier waveforms up to 20MHz bandwidth.
Allows configuraCon of number of stages, elements and effecCve filter length.
Automated training algorithm requires no knowledge of the channel configuraCon.
Provides input and output signal scaling to minimise noise and use full DAC range.
6 © Affarii Technologies Limited, 2010
digital predistortion (dpd)
QMC EQU DPD
ADAPTION MEASURE Digital PredistorCon:
Corrects analog distorCon in the PA device, reducing size, power consumpCon and cost.
Supports mulC-‐carrier waveforms up to 20MHz bandwidth @ 122.88Msps.
Provides 20-‐30dB of ACLR correcCon with memory effect.
CompaCble with Class AB and Doherty amplifiers using LDMOS and GaN transistors.
Configurable memory and equaliser lengths for design opCmisaCon.
dBm
30 20 10
0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60
40 Unlinearised Linearised (Memory)
Start: 2.0550 GHz Stop: 2.1450 GHz Res BW: 100 kHz Window: 66.66 uS 9 .00 MHz/Div
LDMOS 20W CLASS AB - 4CH WCDMA Burst Measurement
7 © Affarii Technologies Limited, 2010
DPD power advantage
commercial in confidence
DPD CORE – POWER CONSUMPTION ESTIMATE
DEVICE CONDITION STATIC DYNAMIC TOTAL
LFE3-‐70E-‐8FN484 Typical @ 25C 270mW 300mW 570mW
High End SoluAon 25C -‐ 800mW -‐
DPD soluCon integrates both adapCon and correcCon funcConal onto the FPGA device; no external processor is required.
DPD block offers best dynamic power consumpCon per antenna for a programmable logic soluCon:
SoluCon use less than half the dynamic power of compeCng high end devices.
50% LESS POWER
8 © Affarii Technologies Limited, 2010
RRH signal path solution
WCDMA reference design implements DSP signal path for 4 channel RRH .
Device technology is ECP3-‐150-‐8 device.
Includes 64 tap 4CH DUC and DDC channel filters.
Supports CFR and DPD operaCon up to 20MHz bandwidth at 122.88Msps.
Including CPRI and control processor funcConal blocks adds ~4K extra slices.
RRH : LFE3-‐150E-‐FPBGA1156-‐8 RESOURCE SLICES EBR MULT MHz
VALUE 27K 136 132 184MHz
RX ADC
TX DAC
FBK ADC
CPRI/OSBAI INTERFACE
RRU PROCESSOR
GPIO/USER IO
SDRAM INTERACE
GENERAL PURPOSE PROCESSOR (GPP)
ETHERNET MAC
ADAPTION ENGINE
DIGITAL UP CONVERSION
SYN
C
DIGITAL PRE DISTORTION
SERDES
ETHERNET PHY
SDRAM
I/O
DIGITAL DOWN CONVERSION
CREST FACTOR REDUCTION
Signal path Components
9 © Affarii Technologies Limited, 2010
production & test support High speed serial interface for
development and product test.
Supports test and analysis functions: – Signal generation and playback. – Real time signal measurement.
Allows in-circuit monitoring and debug of TRX operation.
Test Development Kit: – USB interface module. – Windows TM USB driver and C/C+
+ interface library. – Octave/Matlab TM interface for
signal generation and analysis.
Product demonstration and production test examples.
commercial in confidence
affarii digitalTRX
TCK TDI TDO TDS
10 © Affarii Technologies Limited, 2010
development tools • Development tool uses DPD
test interface to analyse data from live or test sources.
• Tools support measurement of waveform to check standard conformance.
• Contribution of analog and digital components to transmit quality can be measured.
• Characterisation of PA linearity including thermal and reactive effects can be performed.
11 © Affarii Technologies Limited, 2010
SoluCon supports integraCon of all RHH processing into a single device.
Includes high performance CFR and DPD soluCon: 20 MHz ModulaCon Bandwidth.
Up to 30dB ACLR CorrecCon. Lowest dynamic power for
programmable logic DPD soluCon: 570mW per antenna.
Fully supported soluCon with PC based design analysis tools.
End applicaCons: WCDMA, LTE, WiMAX/WiBro, DVB-‐T/S/H.
RRH soluCon summary RX ADC
TX DAC
FBK ADC
CPRI/OSBAI INTERFACE
RRU PROCESSOR
GPIO/USER IO
SDRAM INTERACE
GENERAL PURPOSE PROCESSOR (GPP)
ETHERNET MAC
ADAPTION ENGINE
DIGITAL UP CONVERSION
SYN
C
DIGITAL PRE DISTORTION
SERDES DIGITAL DOWN CONVERSION
CREST FACTOR REDUCTION
12 © Affarii Technologies Limited, 2010
Thank you
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