Betavoltaics & Alphavoltaics
S.V.K.Naresh 15EEE2015
Introduction:We live in a battery world.Yet batteries haven't made any real
improvements in decades. An old technology may finally have
come of age that can help us enter the world of 21st century portable electricity.
Is it sufficient for our requirement???Solution is NUCLEAR BATTERY for the
longer-lasting and more efficient.
What is Nuclear battery: Nuclear batteries are used to describe a
device which uses energy from the decay of
radioactive isotope to generate electricity.
Compared to other batteries they are very
costly, but have extremely long life and high
energy density
Examples: beta voltaics & alphavoltaics..
Alphavoltaics:The concept of an alpha voltaic battery was proposed by W. G. Pfann and W. van Roosbroeck in 1954.Alphavoltaic power sources are devices that use
a semiconductor junction to produce electrical particle from energetic alpha particles.
An alpha voltaic battery utilizes a radioactive substance, which emits energetic alpha particles, that is coupled to a semiconductor p-n junction diode.
Beta voltaics:Betavoltaics are generators
of electric current, in effect a form of battery, which use energy from a radioactive source emitting beta particles (electrons).
A common source(medium) used is the hydrogen isotope, tritium.
Beta voltaics are like photovoltaic cells.
Schematic diagram:
3D architecture of a Beta Battery:
What is the efficiency:The current supplied to a load by
a beta voltaic cell is given by I= Isc- ILoss(amps)Efficiency: η=ηβ. ηc. ηs ηβ= beta efficiency ηc= coupling efficiency ηs= semi conductor efficiency
Limitations:
Potential surface area is lessBeta voltaic cells is the re -
absorption of electronsHigh energetic electron caused to
damageRadioactive material emitsBeta decay
Research legacy of beta voltaics:Rappaport was the first to
describe beta voltaic cell in 1953.In 1974,the use of Pm-147
utilized as power sources.The betacel was the considered
the first successfully commercialized betavoltaic battery
New approaches:
Tritium Batteries
Stimulated Decay Batteries
Lithium-ion batteries
Applications: Medical: Betavoltaic Batteries are ideal for small
devices like pacemakersAerospace: satellite and other unmanned vehicle
power supplies.Power industry: power sources, backup power
sources, and remediation of radioactive waste through artificial acceleration of natural isotopic decay rates.
Counter-terrorism: radioisotope detection sensors for nuclear and / or radiological (so-called "dirty bomb") devices.
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