Download - Present Perfect Continuous Tense_ Usage of Rules

2/6/2014 Present Perfect Continuous tense* Usage of Rules

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Present Perfect Continuous Tense It is used to express an action which has started in past, still continuing and not completed so far. It is used to express a continued orongoing action that started in past and is continued till now. In this tense, start time of action will always be given like - for a few days,for ten months, for 2 years, since Wednesday, since 2011, since September etc.

If start time of action is not given in the sentence, then it does not come under Present Perfect Continuous Tense. 'Start time of action'is the main factor which differentiates between Present Continuous Tense and Present Perfect Continuous Tense. e.g.

It is drizzling outsite - Present Continuous Tense. It has been drizzling outside since morning. - Present Perfect Continuous Tense. In the above example, only start time of action 'since morning' is the factor which is changing the tense of the sentence.

Aisay karya ya action jo bhootkaal main shuru ho, lagataar jari hai aur abhi tak purn nahi huay hai, kay liye Present PerfectTense kay antargat aatay hai. Hindi main iski pehchaan hai – vakya kay ant main ‘raha hai’, ‘rahi hai’, ‘rahay hai’ ka prayog

hota hai. Parantu aisay vakyo main karya shuru honay kay samay ka prayog jaroori hai.

Vaha vakya jahan karya shuru honay ka vigat samay diya hua ho aur action lagataar chal raho ho aur vakya kay ant main‘raha hai’, ‘rahi hai’, ‘rahay hai’ ho, to vaha Present Perfect Continuous Tense hai. Agar vigat samay nahi diya hua hai tovaha vakya Present Continuous Tense hai. Vakya main karya shuru honay kay samay ka prayog hi Present Continuous aur

Present Perfect Continuous tense main furk (difference) batata hai.

jaisay - Bahar bundabandi ho rahi hai. - Present Continuous Tense.Bahar bundabandi subah sey ho rahi hai. – Present Perfect Continuous Tense.(Is udaharan main karya shuru honay ka samay "subah sey" mukhya hai jo Tense ko badal raha hai.)

Present Perfect Continuous Tense - Positive

Present Perfect Continuous Tense - Positive

Type ofSentence

Rule

Positive Subject + Has/Have + been + Verb (Ist form) + Ing + Object + For/Since + Time +Remaining + (.)



In Present Perfect Continuous Tense, helping verb 'has been / have been' is used and 'Ing' is added with first form of Verb. For time'Since or For' is used. Word “Since’ is used when time mentioned in the sentence is certain and ‘For’ is used when time mentioned inthe sentence is not certain.

Present Perfect Continuous Tense main sahayak kriya 'has been / have been' ka prayog hota hai aur verb kee first form kay

saath 'Ing' joda jata hai. Vakya main diye huay time kay liye 'Since ya For' ka prayog hota hai. Agar time nishchit hai to

‘Since’ ka prayog kartay hai aur agar time anishchit hai to ‘For’ ka prayog kartay hai.

Use of 'For' and 'Since'

"For" is applied before uncertain time:- "Since" is applied before certain time:-

Five hours, two hours, an hour 3 O'clock, 10 O'clock, 5 PM, 4 AM.

few days, four days, seven days Monday, Saturday, Sunday

two months, eight months March, June, December

One year, ten years 2011, 2012, 2013

for a long time Since long.

Yesterday, tomorrow, day after tomorrow

Morning, Evening, Night, Noon, Afternoon.

Birth, beginning, then, when

Present Perfect Continuous Tense -

Positive

Main subah teen bajay sey kitab padh raha hoon.

Person Subject Has/Have Been + Verb(Ist Form) + Ing +Object

Since /For

Time +Remaining

Ist person I have been studying book since 3 o'clock.

Ist Person -Plural We have been studying book since 3 o'clock.

2nd Person You have been studying book since 3 o'clock.

3rd Person - He/She/It/Ram has been studying book since 3 o'clock.



Singular

3rd Person -Plural They/boys have been studying book since 3 o'clock.

Present Perfect Continuous Tense - Negative

Present Perfect Continuous Tense - Negative

Type ofSentence

Rule

Negative Subject + Has/Have + Not + been + Verb (Ist form) + Ing + Object + For/Since + Time+ Remaining + (.)

In Present Perfect Continuous Negative sentence, 'Not' is added between 'Has/Have' and 'Been'.

In Present Perfect Continuous Negative vakya, 'Not' ko 'Has/Have' aur 'Been' kay beech main lagatay hai.

Present Perfect Continuous Tense - Negative Main do ghantay sey nadi main nahi tair raha hoon.

Person Subject Has/Have +Not

Been + Verb(Ist Form) + Ing +Object

Since /For

Time +Remaining

Ist person I have not been swimming in the river for two hours.

Ist Person -Plural We have not been swimming in the river for two hours.

2nd Person You have not been swimming in the river for two hours.

3rd Person -Singular

He/She/It/Ram has not been swimming in the river for two hours.

3rd Person - They/boys have not been swimming in the river for two hours.

http://www.englishkitab.com/Essential_Grammar/Tenses/Present_Perfect_Continuous_Tense.html#z0



Plural

Present Perfect Continuous Tense - Interrogative and Interrogative & Negative

Present Perfect Continous Tense - Interrogative And Interrogative & Negative

Type ofSentence

Rule

Interrogative Has/Have + Subject + been + Verb (Ist form) + Ing + Object + For/Since + Time +Remaining + (?)

Interrogative &Negative

Has/Have + Subject + Not + been + Verb (Ist form) + Ing + Object + For/Since +Time + Remaining + (?)

Present Perfect Continuous Interrogative sentence starts with 'Has/Have' and 'Been' remains just before the verb (first form + 'Ing').Question Mark (?) is affixed at the end of sentence in place of Full Stop (.). In Interrogative and Negative Sentence, 'Not' is added justbefore 'Been'. 'Been' and 'verb' remains together.

Present Perfect Continuous Interrogative vakya 'Has'Have' sey shuru hotay hai aur 'Been' ko 'Verb kee first form + Ing' sey

pehlay lagatay hai. Vakya kay ant main full stop (.) ki jagah prashnavachak chinh (?) lagatay hai. Iskay prashnavachak aurnakaratmak vakya main 'Not' ko 'Been' sey pehlay lagatay hai aur 'Been' verb kay saath rehta hai.

Present Perfect Continuous Tense -Interrogative

Kya hum lambay samay sey school aa rahay hai?

Person Has/Have Subject Been + Verb(Ist Form) + Ing +Object

Since /For

Time +Remaining

Ist person Have I been coming to school for a long time?

Ist Person -Plural Have we been coming to school for a long time?

2nd Person Have you been coming to school since last Monday?



3rd Person -Singular

Has he/she/it/Ram been coming to school since last Monday?

3rd Person -Plural Have they/boys been coming to school since last Monday?

Present Perfect Continuous Tense -Interrogative & Negative

Kya main do bajay sey dance nahi kar raha hoon?

Person Has/Have Subject Not + Been + Verb(Ist Form) +Ing + Object

Since /For

Time +Remaining

Ist person Have I not been dancing since 2 o'clock?

Ist Person -Plural Have we not been dancing since 2 o'clock?

2nd Person Have you not been dancing since 2 o'clock?

3rd Person -Singular Has he/se/it/Ram not been dancing for fifteenminutes?

3rd Person -Plural Have they/boys not been dancing for fifteenminutes?

Examples

Sentence Vakya

Vartika has been playing since morning. Vartika subha sey khel rahi hai.

Uncle has been living in Delhi since the birth of hisson.

Uncle apnay betay kay janam sey Delhi main rah raheyhai.

Have we not been reading this book since 6 O’clockin the morning?

Kya hum subah 6 bajay sey is pustak ko nahi padh rahayhai?

http://www.englishkitab.com/Essential_Grammar/Tenses/Present_Perfect_Continuous_Tense.html#z0



It has been raining since night. Raat sey varsha ho rahi hai.

He has been preparing for the examination for lasttwo years.

Vaha pichhlay do salon sey pariksha ki tayyari kar rahahai.

Have I been wasting my time for an hour? Kya main ek ghantay sey apna samay vyarth kar rahahoon?

Has he been living in Bhopal for five years? Kya vaha Bhopal main panch salon sey rah raha hai?

He has been suffering from fever since Sunday. Usay Ravivar sey bukhar aa raha hai.

Seema has been waiting for her friend in garden forthe last two hours.

Seema park main apnay dost ka pichhlay do ghantay seyintejaar kar rahi hai.

Has your brother not dealing in sugar business since2009?

Kya tumhara bhai 2009 sey chhini ka vyapar nahi karraha hai?

Helicopter has been hovering over the city since 12o'clock.

Helicopter 12 bajay sey shahar par mandra rahay hai.