PREPARATION COURSE
FOR B1 LEVEL
PREPARATION
COURSE
FOR
B1 LEVEL
1st Edition (2013)
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, in any form or by any means (photocoping,
electronic, or otherwise) without written permission from the author.
© Aitor Garcés Manzanera, 2013.
Printed in Spain
Bubok Publishing S.L.
To the learners of English,
without whom this book would make no sense.
PREFACE
This book would not have been possible without the constant support of all the people
and learners who finally gave me the idea to carry on this project. It all came up
through the revision of some materials for Cambridge English Teacher, where I
currently work as Advisor. I realised that some books are somewhat long-term study-
oriented, thus many learners would not have that time to prepare an exam of this
kind. Writing a book that has the required linguistically characteristics could not be an
easy task to accomplish.
I gathered all the information on the contents of B1 level, both grammatical and of
vocabulary. I wrote a would-be plan where all the aspects that may arise in the exam
could be dealt and started the book’s writing. Nevertheless, I decided to give the book
a fresh perspective, different to the other books. As you will see later, each page is a
slide as if it were a PowerPoint presentation. The reason why I elaborated it in this
way is mostly that it gives an attractive way to the learner and everything is linked in
such a way that one could learn new things in every slide.
All the language skills are dealt in more or less the same way, ensuring a special place
to the Speaking tasks, which requires more effort to the learners.
Finally, I would like to thank the University of Cambridge for giving such good ideas
and tips on the exams through their websites and giving everyone the possibility to
improve the language. I would also like to express my gratitude towards those English
as Second Language Teachers who gratuitously make the learning of English accessible
to everyone through their websites in the Internet, giving a wide selection of resources
on grammar, vocabulary or writing, covering up almost every language skill.
Preparation Course for B1 Level
Preliminary English Test
Aitor Garcés Manzanera
Preparation Course for B1 Level 1
Course outlines
Unit 1. Present Simple & Present Continuous Revision.
Unit 2. Adverbs / Comparative & Superlatives.
Unit 3. Past Simple & Past Continuous.
Unit 4. Question Tags / Intensifiers.
Unit 5. Present Perfect / Gerunds and Infinitives.
Unit 6. Modals I (Must/Have to) / Future Continuous.
Unit 7. Will & Going To (Predictions) / Modals II (Might, May, Will…)
Unit 8. Present Perfect / Past Simple.
Unit 9. Conditionals (1st, 2nd and 3rd). / Past Perfect
Unit 10. Simple passive.
Unit 11. Reported Speech (common, orders, wh-, if/whether)
Unit 12. Modals III (Perfect).
Unit 13. Connecting words (result, cause…)
Preparation Course for B1 Level 2
Preparation Course for B1 Level 3
UNIT 1. SPORTS AND HOBBIES
} In this unit…
} you will learn the vocabulary related to sports and hobbies.
} You will revise and consolidate your knowledge of the present simple and continuous and its contrast.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 4
UNIT 1. SPORTS AND HOBBIES
} Look at the photographs and try to say what kind of sport they are doing.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 5
UNIT 1. SPORTS AND HOBBIES
} VOCABULARY FOCUS. } Now, have a look at this table which contains a wide range of vocabulary
related to sport.
Boxing Judo Rugby Wrestling
Archery Badminton Cricket Cycling
Angling Canoeing Kayaking
Darts Football Golf Horse Racing
Rowing Sailing Water Skiing
Snooker Squash Table Tennis
Tennis
Curling Ice Skating Skiing
Croquet Fencing Hockey
Lacrosse Polo Skeet
Preparation Course for B1 Level 6
UNIT 1. SPORTS AND HOBBIES
} LANGUAGE FOCUS. } As a way to refresh your vocabulary and grammar knowledge, answer next
questions with help of the words below.
What’s a helmet?
What’s a racket?
What’s a windsurfing?
What’s table tennis?
What’s rugby?
What’s a kart?
What’s snowfering?
Tennis, hat, team game, car, windsurfing on the snow, bat, surfing on water.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 7
UNIT 1. SPORTS AND HOBBIES
} LANGUAGE FOCUS.
} Revision of the present simple.
Preparation Course for B1 Level
The present simple is commonly used to express habitual actions. It is also used with frequency adverbs and may also be used as a time to express the present in the past (historic present).
8
UNIT 1. SPORTS AND HOBBIES
} LANGUAGE FOCUS. } Revision of the present continuous.
} This tense is used to express: } A particular action in a specific time (particles: at this moment, at this
time, right now, now) } An action in the future, conceived as a plan (particles: on Sunday,
on Christmas). } An action with verbs of movement. } But… BE CAREFUL! State verbs such as feel, like, be and so on are
NEVER used with the present continuous, but with the present simple.
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
Is/are+ vb-ing Isn’t/aren’t + vb-ing Are/Is + sujeto + vb-ing?
Preparation Course for B1 Level 9
UNIT 1. SPORTS AND HOBBIES
} VOCABULARY SUMMARY.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 10
UNIT 1. SPORTS AND HOBBIES
} Exam practice. READING
Preparation Course for B1 Level 11
UNIT 1. SPORTS AND HOBBIES
} Exam practice. READING
Preparation Course for B1 Level 12
UNIT 1. SPORTS AND HOBBIES
} Exam practice. SPEAKING.
} The first part of the Speaking test in P.E.T is based on the examiner asking you some basic and personal questions.
} What is your name? Where do you come from?
} Do you like your village/town/city?
} What are your hobbies? What do you like wearing?
} How long have you been studying English?
} Do you have brothers or sisters? Can you describe your sister/brother?
Preparation Course for B1 Level 13
Preparation Course for B1 Level 14
UNIT 2. MEETING NEW PEOPLE
} In this unit…
} You will learn how to react with new people or people you bump into in the street.
} You will learn to compare things and to form the superlative of an adjective.
} You will get more confident with the PET exam structure.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 15
UNIT 2. MEETING NEW PEOPLE
} Describe, using your own words, the personality and the physical appearance of people in next photographs.
} Organise the information you have of them following the next example:
} E.g. } Height: tall
} Hair: brown
} Eyes: blue
} Other information: old men.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 16
UNIT 2. MEETING NEW PEOPLE
} SPEAKING TASK.
} Work with a partner. Imagine you are one of the people of these photographs, describe to each other.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 17
UNIT 2. MEETING NEW PEOPLE
} VOCABULARY FOCUS.
} You have here some new vocabulary related to people and personality.
Preparation Course for B1 Level
average bored Broad-shouldered Classical
clear close curly Dark
fair friendly Hard-working Independent
intelligent kind loud Medical
necessary pop Self-confident Serious
Shoulder-length shy slim tall
18
UNIT 2. MEETING NEW PEOPLE
} VOCABULARY FOCUS. WRITING TASK
} Write a short description of yourself that includes at least 4 adjectives of the table and, if necessary, add others. (90 words maximum).
Preparation Course for B1 Level 19
UNIT 2. MEETING NEW PEOPLE
} READING EXERCISE.
} The Meeting Place is a club for young people. Here is the members’ notice board. Read the advertisements and write Travel, Contacts or Accommodation above each one to show what it is about.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 20
UNIT 2. MEETING NEW PEOPLE
Preparation Course for B1 Level 21
UNIT 2. MEETING NEW PEOPLE
} READING EXERCISE.
} 1. Complete this table about the advertisements.
} 2. Would you like to meet any of the people who wrote the advertisements? Why?/Why not?
Preparation Course for B1 Level
Who 1 2 3 4 5 6
A) Knows what job he/she wants in the future?
b) Has a job now?
c) Offers to pay for something?
d) Wants to go to another part of the world?
e) Enjoys sport?
g) Likes quiet hobbies?
22
UNIT 2. MEETING NEW PEOPLE
} LANGUAGE FOCUS.
} Read this text and answer the questions.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 23
UNIT 2. MEETING NEW PEOPLE
} LANGUAGE FOCUS.
} What kind of person are you?
Preparation Course for B1 Level 24
UNIT 2. MEETING NEW PEOPLE
} LANGUAGE FOCUS.
} ADVERBS.
} An adverb is a word that can be used to describe verbs. Adverbs express HOW you do something.
} How to build adverbs?
} Form 1. You can form adverbs by adding –ly to an adjective. For example, “quick” > “quickly”.
} Form II. Some adverbs are irregular and do not finish in –ly. Well, hard, fast, late.
} ORDER!! Adverbs are put after the verb described.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 25
UNIT 2. MEETING NEW PEOPLE
} Complete the sentences with an adverb. 1. Joanne is happy. She _______ smiles . 2. The boy is loud. He shouts _________. 3. Her English is fluent. She speaks English _________. 4. Our mum was angry. She spoke to us _________. 5. My neighbour is a careless driver. He drives _________. 6. The painter is awful. He paints _________. 7. Jim is a wonderful piano player. He plays the piano _______. 8. This girl is very quiet. She often sneaks out of the house
________ . 9. She is a good dancer. She dances really ________. 10. This exercise is simple. You have to put one word in each
space ___________.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 26
UNIT 2. MEETING NEW PEOPLE } LANGUAGE FOCUS. COMPARATIVE } Use:
} Use the comparative form to talk about how two things are different. I am taller than you. This book is thicker than that one.
} Form:
} 1) If an adjective has one syllable, add er to the end. If it ends in e already, just add r. tall => taller nice => nicer thick => thicker late => later
} 2) If an adjective ends in one vowel and one consonant, write the consonant again, then writeer. But never write a w twice. big => bigger new => newer (NOT newwer) thin => thinner slow => slower (NOT slowwer) slim => slimmer My brother is thinner than me.
} 3) If an adjective has two syllables and ends in y, change the y to i and add er. funny => funnier silly => sillier Which of these books is funnier?
} 5) Some adjectives have irregular superlative forms. These are listed below. good => better bad => worse far => further
} Add than after a comparative adjective to compare one thing with another. However, this is not always necessary. My house is smaller than yours. My house is smaller than yours.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 27
UNIT 2. MEETING NEW PEOPLE } LANGUAGE FOCUS. SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES. } Use:
Use the superlative form to describe something that is greater than any other thing. The Amazon is the longest river in the world. Helen is the most intelligent student in the class.
} Form: 1) Write the before all superlatives.
} 2) If an adjective is short and has one syllable, add est to the end. If it ends in e already, just add st. tall => the tallest nice => the nicest thick => the thickest late => the latest
} 2) If an adjective ends in one vowel and one consonant, write the consonant again, then write est. But never write a w twice. big => the biggest new => the newest(NOT newwest) thin => the thinnest slow => the slowest(NOT slowwest) slim => the slimmest
} The biggest cat in the world is the lion.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 28
UNIT 2. MEETING NEW PEOPLE
Preparation Course for B1 Level
} 3) If an adjective has two syllables and ends in y, change the y to i and add est. funny => the funniest silly => the silliest It’s the silliest film I’ve ever seen!
} 4) For other adjectives with two or more syllables, DON’T add est. Write most before the adjective. interesting => the most interesting surprising => the most surprising It’s the most interesting book I’ve ever read.
} 5) Some adjectives have irregular superlative forms. These are listed below. good => the best bad => the worst far => the furthest
} 6) a) In is often (but not always) used after a superlative adjective to describe where this statement is true. London is the biggest city in England. Everest is the highest mountain in the world.
} My brother is the tallest person in my family.
29
UNIT 2. MEETING NEW PEOPLE
} VOCABULARY FOCUS.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 30
UNIT 2. MEETING NEW PEOPLE
} EXAM FOCUS.
} Some advice on ENGLISH PUNCTUATION.
} A very important thing to care about in the P.E.T exam is the punctuation. English students tend to copy the punctuation of their mother tongues and skip then the general rules of English.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 31
UNIT 2. MEETING NEW PEOPLE
} ENGLISH PUNCTUATION. } Look at this statements and answer the questions below.
} Whats your name and how old are you?
} My name’s Pedro and I’m sixteen.
} ‘What do you do?’
} I’m a student now, but I want to be a lawyer.
} How many capital letters are there? Why are they there? Can you think of other places where English uses capital letters?
} Find the quotation marks. Mark them in colour. Why are they there?
} How many apostrophes are there? Mark them in a different colour. Why are they there? Can you think of another place where English uses an apostrophe?
} How do we end a statement?
} Where do we use a question mark?
} Where do we use a comma?
} Do you know any other punctuation marks?
Preparation Course for B1 Level 32
UNIT 2. MEETING NEW PEOPLE
} Correct these sentences following the punctuation correction patterns.
} A) My brother and i usually watch football matches at my grandparents flat because their televisions very big.
} B) On thursday im going to the match between italy and scotland with dad and uncle ian.
} C) Were travelling in my uncles car to edinburgh and after the match, were staying at the norton hotel.
} D) Then on friday morning my uncle and i are visiting edinburgh castle and my fathers going to the national gallery and a museum.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 33
Preparation Course for B1 Level 34
UNIT 3. READING IS GOOD
} In this unit…
} You will revise the structures of past simple and past continuous and how to differentiate them.
} You will be able to distinguish tenses used in literature and learn how to use them.
} You will write a short story following the patterns of P.E.T. Exam.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 35
UNIT 3. READING IS GOOD
} Do you recognise these four books? Are they familiar to you? What do you know about them? Have you read any of them?
Preparation Course for B1 Level 36
UNIT 3. READING IS GOOD
} Here you got some kinds of books. Relate them, if possible, to the books in the previous frame.
} A modern novel
} A horror story
} A biography
} A science fiction novel
} A thriller
} A love story
} What kinds of book do you like reading? Why?
Preparation Course for B1 Level 37
UNIT 3. READING IS GOOD
} Now you are going to read a fragment of a book called “The Double Bass Mistery” written by Jeremy Harmer. Before reading the whole fragment, here is an introductory text about the story:
Preparation Course for B1 Level 38
UNIT 3. READING IS GOOD
Preparation Course for B1 Level 39
UNIT 3. READING IS GOOD
Preparation Course for B1 Level 40
UNIT 3. READING IS GOOD
} Once you have read the text, please answer the following questions:
} Why did Penny wake up?
} What did she do next?
} Who did she talk to?
} What did they see out of the window?
} Why was Marilyn screaming?
Preparation Course for B1 Level 41
UNIT 3. READING IS GOOD
} LANGUAGE FOCUS.
} 1. PAST SIMPLE
} Form: } You called Angel. (we add –ed to the base form of the verb in regular verbs;
for irregular verbs we take the form of the second column)
} Did you call Angel? (To make questions, we put before the subject the particle “Did” and take the –ed out)
} You did not / didn’t call Angel. (For negative phrases “did not/didn’t” is used, and the base form doesn’t add any past mark)
Preparation Course for B1 Level 42
UNIT 3. READING IS GOOD } Uses.
} FIRST USE.
} Past simple is used to express an action that started at some point and finished at a specific time in the past. It is a completed action.
} Ex. “I went to the library yesterday afternoon”
} SECOND USE.
} It is also used to express a duration in the past, through the particles “for” and “since”.
} Ex. “We talked on the phone for thirty minutes”
} SPECIAL USE!.
} After when-clauses to specify a determined time in the past we normally use the Past Simple after it:
} Ex. “When the phone rang, I was sleeping”
Preparation Course for B1 Level 43
UNIT 3. READING IS GOOD
} Last year I _______ (go) to England on holiday.
} It _______(be) fantastic.
} I ___________(visit)lots of interesting places. I _________(be) with two friends of mine .
} In the mornings we ___________(walk) in the streets of London.
} In the evenings we ___________(go) to pubs.
} The weather _____________ (be) strangely fine.
} It _____________ (not / rain) a lot.
} But we _____________ (see) some beautiful rainbows.
} Where ______________ (spend / you) your last holiday?
Preparation Course for B1 Level 44
UNIT 3. READING IS GOOD
} 2. PAST CONTINUOUS.
} Form.
} [was/were + verb-ing]
} Examples:
} You were studying when she called.
} Were you studying when she called?
} You were not studying when she called.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 45
UNIT 3. READING IS GOOD
} USES. } -An interrupted action in the past. } An action that was interrupted while it was in process. } “I was watching a lovely film when someone knocked on the
door” } -Parallel Actions. } An action that is in process while another is being done too. } “While I was doing my homework, she was listening to her
iPod” } -Important use. } After while-clauses the Past Continuous is always used to
express an action that is being carried out. } “While I was revising for my exam, my dog started barking”
Preparation Course for B1 Level 46
UNIT 3. READING IS GOOD
} EXERCISES. Complete the texts using past simple or past continuous.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 47
UNIT 3. READING IS GOOD
} VOCABULARY FOCUS.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 48
UNIT 3. READING IS GOOD
} EXAM FOCUS. Writing task.
} In the PET exam you will be given a title or an introductory phrase for your story.
} In the next frame you will find a list of useful expressions which you can use in your story. Vocabulary is a very important pillar in this part of the exam, as well as a good beginning and ending for the story.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 49
UNIT 3. READING IS GOOD
} Time phrases.
} It all began
} Shortly afterwards
} Meanwhile
} Not long afterwards
} Some time later
} Later that day
} A little later
} Finally
} In the end
} Eventually
Preparation Course for B1 Level 50
UNIT 3. READING IS GOOD
} Phrases to cause a dramatic effect in the story.
} Suddenly
} All of a sudden
} Without warning
} Out of the blue
} Just at that moment
} Quite unexpectedly
} As if from nowhere
Preparation Course for B1 Level 51
UNIT 3. READING IS GOOD
} Direct speech.
} “…..”, said Fred
} “…..”, shouted Fred
} “…..”, screamed Fred
} “…..”, whispered Fred
} “…..”, announced Fred.
} ”…..”, thought Fred
} “…..”, cried Fred
} “…..”, promised Fred
} Giving your story a conclusion.
} When it was all over
} Looking back now
} In retrospect
} In the end
} After all that had happened
Preparation Course for B1 Level 52
UNIT 3. READING IS GOOD
} Your teacher has asked you to write a story ending with this sentence:
} I woke up and realised it had all been a bad dream.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 53
Preparation Course for B1 Level 54
UNIT 4. AROUND TOWN.
} In this unit…
} You will learn how to give directions in a town.
} You will learn the parts of an underground station.
} You will learn how to use question tags to express your uncertainty about something.
} You will learn how to give a more intensifying effect to adjetives.
} And finally you will practise Part 3 of Reading.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 55
UNIT 4. AROUND TOWN.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 56
UNIT 4. AROUND TOWN.
} VOCABULARY FOCUS I. Giving and asking for directions.
Preparation Course for B1 Level
Go straight on (until you come to …). Turn back./ Go back. Turn left/right (into …-street). Go along … Cross … Take the first/second road on the left/right It's on the left/right. straight on opposite near next to between at the end (of) on/at the corner behind in front of(just) around the corner traffic lights crossroads, junction signpost
57
UNIT 4. AROUND TOWN.
} How do you get to…
} The chemist
} The art gallery
} School
} Public Toilets
} Now work with your partner giving and asking for directions.
} Are all these buildings in your town? Could you imagine others?
Preparation Course for B1 Level 58
UNIT 4. AROUND TOWN.
} Writing exercise.
} Write a short description of a signficative building in your town, mentioning as well what it is used for.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 59
UNIT 4. AROUND TOWN.
} VOCABULARY FOCUS II.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 60
UNIT 4. AROUND TOWN. } GRAMMAR FOCUS.
} QUESTION TAGS } Use:
Use question tags in two situations. 1) You are not sure if something is true, so you want to check. In this case, your voice should rise when you say the question tag. You’re not going now, are you? 2) You know something is true. You want to include/involve another person in the conversation. In this case, your voice should fall when you say the tag. It does not sound like a question. He doesn’t live here now, does he?
} Form: Question tags are either: 1) positive statements with short, negative questions at the end. These tags check something that you believe is true. It’s Monday today, isn’t it?
} 2) negative statements with short, positive questions at the end. These tags check something that you believe is false. It’s not raining, is it?
Preparation Course for B1 Level 61
UNIT 4. AROUND TOWN. } Make question tags this way:
} 1) If there is an auxiliary verb or a modal verb, write it in the opposite form (positive or negative) at the end of the sentence. Then write the subject pronoun of the sentence. Ian’s nice, isn’t he? Laura hasn’t arrived yet, has he? I can’t do anything to help, can I? We won’t be late, will we?
} Caution: CAUTION: Use aren’t with I’m in questions tags. I’m a bit careless, aren’t I? NOT I’m a bit careless, am not I?
} 2) In present and past simple sentences, use do, does or did in the question tag. Brian and Cathy don’t eat meat, do they? You dad lives abroad, doesn’t he? Your friends enjoyed themselves, didn’t they?
} 3) Use a positive question tag after never. Miles never goes out, does he?
Preparation Course for B1 Level 62
UNIT 4. AROUND TOWN. } EXERCISE. QUESTION TAGS. } 1. She’s from a small town in China, ________________ ?
} 2. They aren’t on their way already, ________________ ?
} 3. We’re late again, ________________ ?
} 4. I’m not the person with the tickets, ________________ ?
} 5. Julie isn’t an accountant, ________________ ?
} 6. The weather is really bad today, ________________ ?
} 7. He’s very handsome, ________________ ?
} 8. They aren’t in Mumbai at the moment, ________________ ?
} 9. You aren’t from Brazil, ________________ ?
} 10. John’s a very good student, ________________ ?
} 11. I like chocolate very much, ________________ ?
} 12. She doesn’t work in a hotel, ________________ ?
} 13. They need some new clothes, ________________ ?
} 14. We live in a tiny flat, ________________ ?
} 15. She studies very hard every night, ________________ ?
} 16. David and Julie don’t take Chinese classes, ________________ ?
} 17. I often come home late, ________________ ?
} 18. You don’t like spicy food, ________________ ?
} 19. She doesn’t cook very often, ________________ ?
} 20. We don’t watch much TV, ________________ ? S. QUESTION TAGS.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 63
UNIT 4. AROUND TOWN.
} GRAMMAR FOCUS. } INTENSIFIERS. } We use words like very, really and extremely to make adjectives
stronger: } It’s a very interesting story
Everyone was very excited. It’s a really interesting story. Everyone was extremely excited
} We call these words intensifiers. Other intensifiers are: } Amazingly/exceptionally/incredibly/remarkably/particularly/unusually
We also use enough to say more about an adjective, but enough comes after its adjective:
} If you are seventeen you are old enough to drive a car. I can’t wear those shoes. They’re not big enough.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 64
UNIT 4. AROUND TOWN. } Intensifiers with strong adjectives:
} Strong adjectives are words like:
} enormous, huge = very big tiny = very small brilliant = very clever awful; terrible; disgusting; dreadful = very bad certain = very sure excellent; perfect; ideal; wonderful; splendid = very good delicious = very tasty
} We do not normally use very with these adjectives. We do not say something is "very enormous" or someone is "very brilliant". With strong adjectives, we normally use intensifiers like:
} Absolutely/completely/totally/utterly/really/exceptionally/particularly/quite
} The film was absolutely awful. He was an exceptionally brilliant child. The food smelled really disgusting.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 65
UNIT 4. AROUND TOWN. } I was ______ unhappy with the way the staff in the shop treated me.
} A absolutely B too C much D really
} It was _______ easy to find the answers to all the questions and we soon finished the test.
} A too B quite C most D totally
} We all found the film ______ boring and decided to switch off and go to bed.
} A such B rather C absolutely D much
} Last night, I watched a TV programme about sheep farming. It was __________ fascinating.
} A much B absolutely C such D very
} Unfortunately the weather was _______ miserable the whole week. We didn't see the sun once.
} A much B very C totally D such
} I never drive to London. It's a ____ better idea to go there by train, I think.
} A more B so C very D much
} Everything in the house is __________ perfect. I can't find anything I don't like.
} A too B much C very D absolutely
} I couldn't finish all the quetions in the test . They were ______ too difficult for me.
} A so B rather C terribly D totally
} It was a ______ brilliant idea to go to Weston Super Mare on Saturday. We had so much fun.
} A quite B very C simply D such
} After not eating for a whole day, I was absolutely ________ .
} A hungry B thirsty C starving D tired
} Climbing that mountain in winter is extremely _________ . Only professional climbers should try to do it.
} A awful B dangerous C deadly D impossible
} I was __________ sad to hear that you couldn't come to the party. I hope you can come to the next one.
} A completely B absolutely C totally D very, very
Preparation Course for B1 Level 66
UNIT 4. AROUND TOWN.
} EXAM FOCUS. Reading part 3.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 67
UNIT 4. AROUND TOWN.
} After having read the text, decide if each statement is correct or incorrect.
1. The cathedral is near the castle.
2. The Lawn is a hospital.
3. It takes an hour to walk from the Tourist information Centre to the castle.
4. The Waterside Centre is older than St. Mark’s shopping centre.
5. The river goes through the centre of the city.
6. You need to cross the road to go from the bus station to the railway station.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 68
Preparation Course for B1 Level 69
UNIT 5. IT’S TIME TO CELEBRATE.
} In this unit you will learn…
} How to use the present perfect tense.
} The patterns to follow in the second part of the PET Speaking Test.
} When to put gerund or infinitive after some verbs.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 70
UNIT 5. IT’S TIME TO CELEBRATE.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 71
UNIT 5. IT’S TIME TO CELEBRATE.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 72
UNIT 5. IT’S TIME TO CELEBRATE. } Answer the following questions about the text.
} Where are Anna and Jay getting married? } What has Anna bought? } Who have they told? } When are they having a party? } Why do Lorne and Esemerelda have problems? } What have they bought? } Why have they rented a cottage in the mountains? } Who have Nigel and Fiona invited to their wedding? } Who has organised a party for them? } Who is doing the music? } Why haven’t they told anyone where they’re going for their honeymoon? } Why doesn’t Dawn know who is coming to her wedding? } Where are Dawn and Gary going after the wedding? And then where? } Why haven’t they planned their honeymoon?
Preparation Course for B1 Level 73
UNIT 5. IT’S TIME TO CELEBRATE.
} VOCABULARY FOCUS.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 74
UNIT 5. IT’S TIME TO CELEBRATE. } GRAMMAR FOCUS. Present Perfect.
} The present perfect simple expresses an action that is still going on or that stopped recently, but has an influence on the present. It puts emphasis on the result.
} Form of Present Perfect
} Subject + have/has + past participle (+)
} Have/Has + subject + past participle ?
} Subject + haven’t / hasn’t + past participle (-) Use of Present Perfect
} puts emphasis on the result } Example: She has written five letters.
} action that is still going on } Example: School has not started yet.
} action that stopped recently } Example: She has cooked dinner.
} finished action that has an influence on the present } Example: I have lost my key.
} action that has taken place once, never or several times before the moment of speaking } Example: I have never been to Australia.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 75
UNIT 5. IT’S TIME TO CELEBRATE.
} Particles with Present Perfect.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 76
UNIT 5. IT’S TIME TO CELEBRATE.
} Exercises.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 77
UNIT 5. IT’S TIME TO CELEBRATE.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 78
UNIT 5. IT’S TIME TO CELEBRATE.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 79
UNIT 5. IT’S TIME TO CELEBRATE.
} VOCABULARY FOCUS.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 80
UNIT 5. IT’S TIME TO CELEBRATE. } GRAMMAR FOCUS.
} Gerunds and Infinitives.
} Here is a brief review of the differences between gerunds and infinitives.
} Gerunds are formed with ING.
} walking, talking, thinking, listening
} Infinitives are formed with TO.
} to walk, to talk, to think, to listen
} Jobs
} Gerunds and infinitives can do several jobs. Both gerunds and infinitives can be the subject of a sentence.
} Writing in English is difficult. To write in English is difficult.
} Both gerunds and infinitives can be the object of a verb. Both gerunds and infinitives can be the subject of a sentence.
} I like writing in English. I like to write in English.
} But... only gerunds can be the object of a preposition.
} We are talking about writing in English.
} Usage
} It is often difficult to know when to use a gerund and when to use an infinitive. These guidelines may help you.
} GerundsGerunds are often used when actions are real, concrete, or completed. For example: I stopped smoking. (The smoking was real and happened until I stopped.)InfinitivesInfinitives are often used when actions are unreal, abstract, or future. For example: I stopped to smoke. (I was doing something else, and I stopped; the smoking had not happened yet.)
Preparation Course for B1 Level 81
UNIT 5. IT’S TIME TO CELEBRATE.
Verbs Followed by an Infinitive She agreed to speak before the game.
agree aim appear arrange ask attempt be able beg begin care choose condescend
consent continue dare decide deserve detest dislike expect fail forget get happen
have hesitate hope hurry intend leap leave like long love mean neglect
offer ought plan prefer prepare proceed promise propose refuse remember say
shoot start stop strive swear threaten try use wait want wish
Preparation Course for B1 Level 82
UNIT 5. IT’S TIME TO CELEBRATE.
Verbs Followed by an Object and an Infinitive Everyone expected her to win.
advise allow ask beg bring build buy challenge
choose command dare direct encourage expect forbid force
have hire instruct invite lead leave let like
love motivate order pay permit persuade prepare promise
remind require send teach tell urge want warn
Note: Some of these verbs are included in the list above and may be used without an object.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 83
UNIT 5. IT’S TIME TO CELEBRATE.
Verbs Followed by a Gerund They enjoyed working on the boat.
admit advise appreciate avoid can't help complete consider
delay deny detest dislike enjoy escape excuse
finish forbid get through have imagine mind miss
permit postpone practice quit recall report resent
resist resume risk spend (time) suggest tolerate waste (time)
Preparation Course for B1 Level 84
UNIT 5. IT’S TIME TO CELEBRATE.
Verbs Followed by a Preposition and a Gerund We concentrated on doing well.
admit to approve of argue about believe in care about complain about concentrate on confess to
depend on disapprove of discourage from dream about feel like forget about insist on object to
plan on prevent (someone) from refrain from succeed in talk about think about worry a
Preparation Course for B1 Level 85
UNIT 5. IT’S TIME TO CELEBRATE.
Preparation Course for B1 Level
} 1. Mary enjoys ___________________ to music. (listen)
} 2. I don’t mind ___________________ the washing up. (do)
} 3. Irregular verbs are not easy ___________________ . (remember)
} 4. Mathew is really good at ___________________ . (cook)
} 5. She waited ___________________ a movie ticket. (buy)
} 6. The doctor encouraged his patients ___________________ healthy food. (eat)
} 7. My flat is easy ___________________ . (find)
} 8. She is interested in ___________________ a doctor. (become)
} 9. He is saving money ___________________ a new car. (buy)
} 10. When I met her I couldn’t help ___________________ her. (hug)
} 11. My favorite hobby is ___________________ . (cook)
} 12. My father helped me ___________________ my homework. (do)
} 13. I’m sick of ___________________ hamburgers every day. (eat)
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UNIT 5. IT’S TIME TO CELEBRATE.
Preparation Course for B1 Level
} 14. It is important ___________________ the net for more information. (surf)
} 15. She advised me ___________________ a doctor as soon as possible. (see)
} 16. I don’t feel like ___________________ English today. (study)
} 17. Isabel got Mike ___________________ her car (wash)
} 18. ___________________ sport every day is good for your health. (do)
} 19. At last they decided ___________________ the apartment. (rent)
} 20. I pretended ___________________ asleep. (be)
} 21. Sheila stopped ___________________ hello to her friends. (say)
} 22. It’s no use ___________________ over spilt milk. (cry)
} 23. The following questions are easy ___________________ . (answer)
} 24. She told us where ___________________ the necessary material. (find)
} 25. Would you mind ___________________ this letter for me? (post)
} 26. They suggested ___________________ by bus. (travel)
} 27. We plan ___________________ to Europe this summer(go)
} 28. It was hard for her ___________________ smoking. (quit)
} 29. We were all happy about ___________________ the New Year in Vienna. (celebrate)
} 30. It seems difficult ___________________ everything about the topic. (know)
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UNIT 5. IT’S TIME TO CELEBRATE.
Preparation Course for B1 Level
} 31. Just avoid ___________________ unnecessary mistakes. (make)
} 32. Can you imagine ___________________ my car before we leave? (finish)
} 33. We are used ___________________ up early in the morning. (get)
} 34. She enjoys ___________________ . (paint)
} 35. I forgot ___________________ the door when I left. (lock)
} 36. I regret ___________________ you that your application was rejected. (inform)
} 37. We intend ___________________ you next spring. (visit)
} 38. I decided ___________________ more often. (exercise)
} 39. Mary keeps ___________________ about her problems. (talk)
} 40. Ireland doesn’t allow ___________________ in bars. (smoke)
} 41. Nancy seemed ___________________ disappointed. (be)
} 42. I can’t bear ___________________ so much responsibility. (have)
} 43. She is fond of ___________________ picnics. (have)
} 44. She promised ___________________ smoking. (stop)
} 45. They urge their citizens ___________________ more waste. (recycle)
} 46. John is thinking about ___________________ abroad. (study)
} 47. She considered ___________________ to New York. (move)
} 48. The aquarium needs ___________________ . (clean)
} 49. Tom agrees ___________________ me. (help)
} 50. She warned him ___________________ late. (not be)
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UNIT 5. IT’S TIME TO CELEBRATE.
} EXAM FOCUS.
} Speaking Part 2.
} In this part of the exam you have to discuss a specific situation with your partner and finally you will have to come to a conclusion.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 89
UNIT 5. IT’S TIME TO CELEBRATE.
} Exam TASK.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 90
Preparation Course for B1 Level 91
UNIT 6. MY OWN SPACE.
} In this unit you will learn…
} How to use the modals.
} How to express yourself using a future tense describing a progressive action.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 92
UNIT 6. MY OWN SPACE.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 93
UNIT 6. MY OWN SPACE.
} Look at the photographs in the previous frame. How could you describe each object? Use the adjectives given below.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 94
UNIT 6. MY OWN SPACE.
} This is what people say about them. Match the things in the pictures to their owners.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 95
UNIT 6. MY OWN SPACE.
} Look at the next drawing. It shows the different parts of a flat. Try to name them.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 96
UNIT 6. MY OWN SPACE.
} Have a look at the next few words. Which part of the house would be more suitable for each one?
} Basin
} Cushions
} Pillows
} Chest of drawers
} Desk
} Sofa
} Cooker
} Sink
} Wastepaper basket
Preparation Course for B1 Level 97
UNIT 6. MY OWN SPACE.
} VOCABULARY FOCUS.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 98
UNIT 6. MY OWN SPACE.
} VOCABULARY FOCUS. Saying where things are.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 99
UNIT 6. MY OWN SPACE.
} GRAMMAR FOCUS. Modals I
Preparation Course for B1 Level
Present Positive Negative
have to / don't have to
•strong obligation (possibly from outside)Children have to go to school. (sometimes 'have got to')
•no obligation I don't have to work on Sundays. • You don't have to eat anything you don't like.
must / mustn't •strong obligation (possibly based on the speaker's opinion)I must study today.
•negative obligation You mustn't smoke h
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UNIT 6. MY OWN SPACE. } Exercise. Fill in the gaps using the correct tense form of must and
have to.
} 1. My boss needs this report urgently. I _____________ finish it now.
} 2. "You _________ arrive on time every morning" said the shopkeeper to the new trainee.
} 3. Julie __________ go to work on foot. The buses are on strike.
} 4. Secretaries ________ answer the phone. That's part of their job.
} 5. "You ________ do your homework" said the teacher.
} 6. "We__________ invite our neighbours for dinner one day" said my husband.
} 7. David ________ leave home at 7..30 a.m. in order to get to the office at 9 a.m.
} 8. "I _______ hurry or I'll miss my flight!"
} 9. Employees ___________ attend all personnel meetings - it's written in their contracts.
} 10. "I ________ call my mother - it's her birthday today."
Preparation Course for B1 Level 101
UNIT 6. MY OWN SPACE. } GRAMMAR FOCUS. Future Continuous.
} Form
} will be + verb + present participle (-ing form of the verb)
} NOTE - There is no future tense in English. Instead we use a variety of forms to talk about the future. Will (in this case with be + present participle) is one of those forms. In many student grammars this form is referred to as future continuous for convenient comparison with similar continuous/progressive forms in the present and past.
} Meaning
} We use future continuous to say that an action will be in progress at a specific time in the future. } This time on Thursday I'll be flying to Thailand.
} In two hours she'll be leaving work.
} We use future continuous to predict the present. } Don't call him now, he'll be sleeping.
} We use future continuous to make polite enquiries about someone's plans (without wishing to influence those plans). } Will you be watching TV this evening? (You simply want to know if the TV will be free)
Preparation Course for B1 Level 102
UNIT 6. MY OWN SPACE.
} Exercise. Put the verbs into the Future Continuous form.
} At midnight we (sleep).
} This time next week we (sit) at the beach.
} At nine I (watch) the news.
} Tonight we (cram up) for our English test.
} They (dance) all night.
} He (not / play) all afternoon.
} I (not / work) all day.
} (eat / you) at six?
} (drive / she) to London?
} (fight / they) again?
Preparation Course for B1 Level 103
UNIT 6. MY OWN SPACE.
} EXAM FOCUS. Reading Part 2. } Here are five texts about people who all want to do a language
course at a college in England and eight advertisements for colleges. Underline the important information in 1-5 below.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 104
UNIT 6. MY OWN SPACE.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 105
UNIT 6. MY OWN SPACE.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 106
Preparation Course for B1 Level 107
UNIT 7. A LOOK AT THE FUTURE.
} In this unit you will learn…
} How to express future actions in a planned or predicted way.
} How to use the verbs of probability to express a possible action in a possible future.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 108
UNIT 7. A LOOK AT THE FUTURE.
} Read this article. Are we currently doing the things mentioned in it? What don’t we do?
Preparation Course for B1 Level 109
UNIT 7. A LOOK AT THE FUTURE.
} A bit of speaking practice…
} What do you think life will be like in the future?
} What will change and what will be the same?
} Do you feel positive about the future?
} Discuss your answers with your parterns.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 110
UNIT 7. A LOOK AT THE FUTURE.
} WRITING EXERCISE.
} Please read the following text and write an argumentative essay on the issue. (100 words).
Preparation Course for B1 Level 111
UNIT 7. A LOOK AT THE FUTURE. } GRAMMAR FOCUS.
} Will & Going to
} When we want to talk about future facts or things we believe to be true about the future, we use 'will'. } The President will serve for four years.
} The boss won't be very happy.
} I'm sure you'll like her.
} If we are not so certain about the future, we use 'will' with expressions such as 'probably', 'possibly', 'I think', 'I hope'. } I hope you'll visit me in my home one day.
} She'll probably be a great success.
} I'll possibly come but I may not get back in time.
} I think we'll get on well.
} If you are making a future prediction based on evidence in the present situation, use 'going to'. } Not a cloud in the sky. It's going to be another warm day.
} Look at the queue. We're not going to get in for hours.
} At the moment of making a decision, use 'will'. Once you have made the decision, talk about it using 'going to'. } I'll call Jenny to let her know. Sarah, I need Jenny's number. I'm going to call her about the meeting.
} I'll come and have a drink with you but I must let Harry know. Harry, I'm going to have a drink with Simon.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 112
UNIT 7. A LOOK AT THE FUTURE.
} Exercises. Complete the sentences using the correct form of going to or will.
} 1. Tomorrow morning, I _______(be) fishing with him.
} 2. We _________ (eat) at the restaurant, tomorrow evening.
} 3. This bloody car _________(not start) !
} 4. _____________(you/rent) another car? Yes, I am.
} 5. Do you think they ___________(win) the championship ?
} 6. I __________(call) you as soon as possible.
} 7. When she passes her licence, she _________(buy) a car.
} 8. __________(you/open) the window, please?
} 9. When I'm older, I _________(build) a big house.
} 10. I ___________(buy) vegetables at the supermarket.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 113
UNIT 7. A LOOK AT THE FUTURE.
} VOCABULARY FOCUS.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 114
UNIT 7. A LOOK AT THE FUTURE.
} GRAMMAR FOCUS. Modals II.
} In English there is a kind of modal called of “probability”, which as the word states expresses a probability or possibility. The verbs used for this purpose are ‘must’, ‘might’, ‘may’, ‘could’ and finally ‘can’t’
} In the next frame there is a chart where each of these verbs is explained.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 115
UNIT 7. A LOOK AT THE FUTURE. Examples Usage
They must be in Spain by now.
She must have done well on the test. Use 'must' plus the verb when you are 100% (or almost 100%) sure that something is the
case.
She might come this evening.
David may invite Jesica to the match.
Jack might have gone to France.
Use 'might' or 'may' to express an opinion that you think has a good possibility of being
true.
Jane could be at work.
Peter could have arrived late. Use 'could' to express a possibilty which is one of many. This form is not as strong as 'might' or 'may'. It is just one of a number of possibilities.
You can't be serious!
They can't have worked until late.
Use 'can't' to express an opinion that you
are 100% sure is NOT true.
Notice that the past form remains 'can't have
done'
Preparation Course for B1 Level 116
UNIT 7. A LOOK AT THE FUTURE. } Exercise. Complete the sentences using ‘could’, ‘might’ and ‘must’.
} 1) I can hear some music coming from that window. He _______ be at home.
} 2) Mark told me Sarah was working late today, so she _______ be home right now.
} 3) Harry doesn't answer the phone. He _______ be in the movies.
} 4) Ring! Ring! That _______ be mom; she said she'd call me back in a minute.
} 5) I _______ have left my keys in the car...or maybe at John's.
} 6) Sue is late for class. She ________ have missed the bus.
} 7) That DVD _________ cost more that 15€; it's an old movie!
} 8) Christina has already been three times to that new pizza restaurant. It _______ be really good.
} 9) Robert always gets straight A's. His parents _______ be really proud of him.
} 10) Her new boyfriend is absolutely gorgeous. He ________ be a model.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 117
UNIT 7. A LOOK AT THE FUTURE.
} VOCABULARY FOCUS.
} Look at the pictures. Which of these objects does everyone have in their bedroom? Which not?
Preparation Course for B1 Level 118
UNIT 7. A LOOK AT THE FUTURE.
} EXAM FOCUS. Reading Part 4.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 119
UNIT 7. A LOOK AT THE FUTURE.
} Read the text and the questions below.
} For each question, mark the letter next to the correct answer.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 120
Preparation Course for B1 Level 121
UNIT 8. IT’S BEEN A LONG TIME SINCE...
} In this unit you will learn…
} How to write different types of letters.
} How to differentiate the present perfect from the past simple.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 122
UNIT 8. IT’S BEEN A LONG TIME SINCE...
Preparation Course for B1 Level 123
UNIT 8. IT’S BEEN A LONG TIME SINCE...
} Please identify for each message the type of letter that they are.
} A is a business letter.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 124
UNIT 8. IT’S BEEN A LONG TIME SINCE... } GRAMMAR FOCUS. Present Perfect & Past Simple.
} Has the time period finished? } The present perfect is used when the time period has NOT finished.
} I have seen three movies this week.(This week has not finished yet.)
} The simple past is used when the time period HAS finished.
} I saw three movies last week.(Last week has finished.)
} Is it new information or old? } The present perfect is often used when giving recent news.
} Martin has crashed his car again.(This is new information.)
} The simple past is used when giving older information.
} Martin crashed his car last year.(This is old information.)
} Is it a specific time? } The present perfect is used when the time is not specific.
} I have seen that movie already.(We don't know when.)
} The simple past is used when the time is clear.
} I saw that movie on Thursday.(We know exactly when.)
} Has the action finished (sentences with “for” or “since”)? } The present perfect is used with for and since, when the actions have not finished yet.
} I have lived in Victoria for five years.(I still live in Victoria.)
} The simple past is used with for and since, when the actions have already finished.
} I lived in Victoria for five years.(I don't live in Victoria now.)
Preparation Course for B1 Level 125
UNIT 8. IT’S BEEN A LONG TIME SINCE...
} Exercises. Choose the correct tense.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 126
UNIT 8. IT’S BEEN A LONG TIME SINCE...
} VOCABULARY FOCUS.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 127
UNIT 8. IT’S BEEN A LONG TIME SINCE...
} PRONUNCIATION EXERCISE. Read the underlined words and explain the differences of pronunciation.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 128
UNIT 8. IT’S BEEN A LONG TIME SINCE...
} SPEAKING EXERCISE. With your partner, ask questions about what it is shown in the pictures.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 129
UNIT 8. IT’S BEEN A LONG TIME SINCE...
} EXAM FOCUS. Reading PART 5. Read the text below and choose the correct word for each space.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 130
UNIT 8. IT’S BEEN A LONG TIME SINCE...
Preparation Course for B1 Level 131
Preparation Course for B1 Level 132
UNIT 9. CONVINCING PEOPLE TO BUY.
} In this unit you will learn…
} How to persuade people in different contexts.
} How to express a possibility using the different kinds of conditionals.
} The Past Perfect tense and how to use it.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 133
UNIT 9. CONVINCING PEOPLE TO BUY.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 134
UNIT 9. CONVINCING PEOPLE TO BUY.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 135
UNIT 9. CONVINCING PEOPLE TO BUY.
} As you could see in the previous frames, the underlined verbs are used to express a determined feeling or future objective. This way the speaker shows his target (warn someone = tell someone that something may happen).
} These verbs are commonly used in some of PET multiple-choice exercises. It is important to learn them.
} Persuade, explain, complain, promise, organise, spoil, influence, find out, suggest, apologise, inform, warn, encourage, recommend, persuade, prevent
Preparation Course for B1 Level 136
UNIT 9. CONVINCING PEOPLE TO BUY.
} Put the correct verb from the box into each space. Use the correct form of the verb.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 137
UNIT 9. CONVINCING PEOPLE TO BUY.
} GRAMMAR FOCUS. Past Perfect.
} The past perfect tense is often used in English when we are relating two events which happened in the past. It helps to show which event happened first.
} This tense is formed using two components: the verb HAVE (in the past tense), and the past participle form of a verb. With a regular verb the past participle ends with -ED (just like the simple past). Irregular verbs have a special past participle form that you have to learn. Here are the rules, using the regular verb "arrive" and the irregular verb "eat":
} She had arrived / She had eaten.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 138
UNIT 9. CONVINCING PEOPLE TO BUY. } Using the Past Perfect
} The past perfect is used to show you which of two events happened first.
} I went to see a movie / We discussed the movie in class.
} Here, we don't know which order the events happened in. That may be important -- perhaps I went to see the movie after the discussion, or maybe I saw the movie before the discussion. There are many ways to make this sequence clear, and the past perfect is one of them. This is how we do it:
} I went to see the movie. We had discussed it in class. Here, we know that the discussion took place first — even though the sentence describing it comes afterwards. We discussed the movie, and then I went to see it. This can be very useful when you are telling a story or relating a sequence of events. At any point in your story, you can jump back to a previous event, and your reader will not be confused because the past perfect will make it clear that the event happened previously.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 139
UNIT 9. CONVINCING PEOPLE TO BUY. } Exercise. Put the verbs into the past perfect.
} The storm destroyed the sandcastle that we ________(build) .
} He ________(not / be) to Cape Town before 1997.
} When she went out to play, she ________(do / already) her homework.
} My brother ate all of the cake that our mum ________(make) .
} The doctor took off the plaster that he ________(put on) six weeks before.
} The waiter brought a drink that I ________(not / order) .
} I could not remember the poem we ________(learn) the week before.
} The children collected the chestnuts that ________(fall) from the tree.
} ________(he / phone) Angie before he went to see her in London?
} She ________(not / ride) a horse before that day.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 140
UNIT 9. CONVINCING PEOPLE TO BUY.
} GRAMMAR FOCUS. Conditionals. } FIRST CONDITIONAL. } The first conditional (also called conditional type 1) is a structure
used for talking about possibilities in the present or in the future. This page will explain how the first conditional is formed, and when to use it.
} 1. The structure of a first conditional sentence } A first conditional sentence consists of two clauses, an "if"
clause and a main clause: } If + present , future (will + verb). } Using the first conditional } The first conditional is used to talk about things which are
possible in the present or the future — things which may happen.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 141
UNIT 9. CONVINCING PEOPLE TO BUY.
} SECOND CONDITIONAL.
} The second conditional (also called conditional type 2) is a structure used for talking about unreal situations in the present or in the future. This page will explain how the second conditional is formed, and when to use it.
} Like a first conditional, a second conditional sentence consists of two clauses, an “if” clause and a main clause:
} If + past simple form , would + infinitive.
} Example: If I were rich, I would buy a bigger house.
} The second conditional is used to talk about things which are unreal (not true or not possible) in the present or the future -- things which don't or won't happen.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 142
UNIT 9. CONVINCING PEOPLE TO BUY.
} THIRD CONDITIONAL.
} The third conditional (also called conditional type 3) is a structure used for talking about unreal situations in the past. This page will explain how the third conditional is formed, and when to use it.
} If + past perfect form , would have + past participle.
} Example: If I had been less lazy, I would have passed all my exams.
} The third conditional is used to talk about things which did not happen in the past. If your native language does not have a similar construction, you may find this a little strange, but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 143
UNIT 9. CONVINCING PEOPLE TO BUY. } Exercise. Complete using the First Conditional form.
} If you ________(send) this letter now, she ________ (receive) it tomorrow.
} If I (do) this test, I ________ (improve) my English.
} If I (find) your ring, I ________ (give) it back to you.
} Peggy ________ (go) shopping if she ________ (have) time in the afternoon.
} Simon ________ (go) to London next week if he ________ (get) a cheap flight.
} If her boyfriend ________ (phone / not) today, she ________ (leave) him.
} If they ________ (study / not) harder, they ________ (pass / not) the exam.
} If it ________ (rain) tomorrow, I ________ (have to / not) water the plants.
} You ________ (be able/ not) to sleep if you ________ (watch) this scary film.
} Susan ________ (can / move / not) into the new house if it ________ (be / not) ready on time.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 144
UNIT 9. CONVINCING PEOPLE TO BUY. } Complete the sentences using the 2nd Conditional.
} If we ________ (have) a yacht, we ________ (sail) the seven seas.
} If he ________ (have) more time, he ________ (learn) karate.
} If they ________ (tell) their father, he ________ (be) very angry.
} She ________ (spend) a year in the USA if it ________ (be) easier to get a green card.
} If I ________ (live) on a lonely island, I ________ (run) around naked all day.
} We ________ (help) you if we ________ (know) how.
} My brother ________ (buy) a sports car if he ________ (have) the money.
} If I ________ (feel) better, I ________ (go) to the cinema with you.
} If you ________ (go) by bike more often, you ________ (be / not) so flabby.
} She ________ (not / talk) to you if she ________ (be) mad at you.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 145
UNIT 9. CONVINCING PEOPLE TO BUY. } Complete the sentences with 3rd Conditional.
} If you ________ (study) for the test, you ________ (pass) it.
} If you ________ (ask) me, I ________ (help) you.
} If we ________ (go) to the cinema, we ________ (see) my friend Jacob.
} If you ________ (speak) English, she ________ (understand) .
} If they ________ (listen) to me, we ________ (be) home earlier.
} I ________ (write) you a postcard if I ________ (have) your address.
} If I ________ (not / break) my leg, I ________ (take part) in the contest.
} If it ________ (not/ start) to rain, we (walk) to the museum.
} We ________ (swim) in the sea if there ________ (not / be) so many sharks there.
} If she ________ (take) the bus, she ________ (not / arrive) on time.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 146
UNIT 9. CONVINCING PEOPLE TO BUY.
} EXAM FOCUS. Writing Part 1. Complete each sentence, using no more than three words, so that it means the same as the first sentence.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 147
UNIT 9. CONVINCING PEOPLE TO BUY.
} Writing Part 2.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 148
Preparation Course for B1 Level 149
UNIT 10.OUR FANTASTIC WORLD.
} In this unit you will learn…
} How to form the passive in English.
} How to write simple articles on a particular topic.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 150
UNIT 10.OUR FANTASTIC WORLD.
} In groups try to guess to which countries belongs each flag.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 151
UNIT 10.OUR FANTASTIC WORLD.
} VOCABULARY FOCUS.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 152
UNIT 10.OUR FANTASTIC WORLD. } GRAMMAR FOCUS. Passive voice.
} Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, however, who or what is performing the action.
} Example: My bike was stolen.
} Form of Passive
} Subject + finite form of to be + Past Participle (3rd column of irregular verbs)
} Example: Someone wrote a letter à A letter was written (by someone)
} When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following:
} the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence
} the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle)
} the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped)
Preparation Course for B1 Level 153
UNIT 10.OUR FANTASTIC WORLD.
} Exercises. Put the next sentences into their passive form.
} I have eaten two sandwiches à __________________.
} He broke my computer à ______________________.
} Phil hung the picture on the wall à _______________.
} She has been using my pencil à __________________.
} Some people finally found out the truth à __________.
} Rachel called him, but no one answered à __________.
} Leonard was studying physics à__________________.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 154
UNIT 10.OUR FANTASTIC WORLD.
} EXAM FOCUS. Reading Part 1.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 155
UNIT 10.OUR FANTASTIC WORLD.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 156
UNIT 10.OUR FANTASTIC WORLD.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 157
UNIT 10.OUR FANTASTIC WORLD.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 158
Preparation Course for B1 Level 159
UNIT 11. COULD IT BE TRUE?.
} In this unit you will learn…
Preparation Course for B1 Level 160
UNIT 11. COULD IT BE TRUE?.
} Look at this pictures.
} Which ones show,
to your knowledge, true things?
Preparation Course for B1 Level 161
UNIT 11. COULD IT BE TRUE?.
} Do you think these phenomena are real?
} Why do you think they are so popular?
} Could it be that they are influenced by our way of
thinking?
} Have you ever experienced one of these phenomena?
Preparation Course for B1 Level 162
UNIT 11. COULD IT BE TRUE?.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 163
UNIT 11. COULD IT BE TRUE?.
} Now look at the photographs below. Which text matchs to them?
} Discuss what it is said in the stories. Do you believe them? Try to summarise orally one of the stories.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 164
UNIT 11. COULD IT BE TRUE?.
} GRAMMAR FOCUS. Reported Speech.
} When do we use reported speech? Sometimes someone says a sentence, for example "I'm going to the cinema tonight". Later, maybe we want to tell someone else what the first person said.
} We use a 'reporting verb' like 'say' or 'tell'. If this verb is in the present tense, it's easy. We just put 'she says' and then the sentence:
} Direct speech: !I like ice cream!
} Reported speech: She says she likes ice cream
Preparation Course for B1 Level 165
UNIT 11. COULD IT BE TRUE?.
} We don't need to change the tense, though probably we do need to change the 'person' from 'I' to 'she', for example. We also may need to change words like 'my' and 'your'.
} But, if the reporting verb is in the past tense, then usually we change the tenses in the reported speech:
} Direct speech: !I like ice cream!
} Reported speech: She said she liked ice cream
Preparation Course for B1 Level 166
UNIT 11. COULD IT BE TRUE?. Tense Direct Speech Reported Speech
present simple �I like ice cream� She said (that) she liked ice cream.
present continuous �I am living in London� She said she was living in London.
past simple �I bought a car� She said she had bought a car OR She said she bought a car.
past continuous �I was walking along the street� She said she had been walking along the street.
present perfect �I haven't seen Julie� She said she hadn't seen Julie.
past perfect* �I had taken English lessons before� She said she had taken English lessons before.
will �I'll see you later� She said she would see me later.
would* �I would help, but..� She said she would help but...
can �I can speak perfect English� She said she could speak perfect English.
could* �I could swim when I was four� She said she could swim when she was four.
shall �I shall come later� She said she would come later.
should* �I should call my mother� She said she should call her mother
might* "I might be late" She said she might be late
must "I must study at the weekend" She said she must study at the weekend OR She said she had to study at the weekend
Preparation Course for B1 Level 167
UNIT 11. COULD IT BE TRUE?.
} FOR QUESTIONS.
} When we want to report someone’s question, the process is a bit different. We do not use “that”, but instead “wh-”, that is to say, the “wh-word” with which the question is introduced.
} Example:
} ‘When are we going to the beach?’ Lorna asked à
} Lorna asked when we were going to the beach.
} The tenses change in the same way as they do with interrogative and negative statements.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 168
UNIT 11. COULD IT BE TRUE?.
} Nonetheless, when questions do not start with wh-word, the process change.
} Look at the following example:
} ‘Is she finally coming home?’ Paul asked.
} Paul asked if/whether she was finally coming home.
} NOTE*. Whether is used in very formal contexts, whereas if is used in informal contexts.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 169
UNIT 11. COULD IT BE TRUE?.
} ORDERS.
} The process also differs from the others when it comes to orders.
} Example:
} ‘Close the window, please.’ She asked/ordered/told. à
} She asked me / ordered me / told me to close the window.
} In this case the structure is:
} Subject + ask/order/tell/urge + OD (me, you, him, her, them) + to + [Subordinate clause]
Preparation Course for B1 Level 170
UNIT 11. COULD IT BE TRUE?.
} Time expressions change because we are reporting something that has been said in the past, so every expression must be switched to the past.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 171
now then / at that time
today yesterday / that day / Tuesday / the 27th of June
yesterday the day before yesterday / the day before / Wednesday / the 5th of December
last night the night before, Thursday night
last week the week before / the previous week
tomorrow today / the next day / the following day / Friday
UNIT 11. COULD IT BE TRUE?.
} MIXED EXERCISE. } 1. “Come quickly!”
} She ______________________________________________________________
} 2. “Did you arrive before seven?”
} She ______________________________________________________________
} 3. “How was your holiday?”
} She ______________________________________________________________
} 4. “I would have visited the hospital, if I had known you were sick”
} She ______________________________________________________________
} 5. “Don't touch!”
} She ______________________________________________________________
} 6. “Do you usually cook at home?”
} She ______________________________________________________________
} 7. “They had never been to Scotland until last year”
} She ______________________________________________________________
} 8. “Make sure you arrive early!”
} She ______________________________________________________________
} 9. “I should have studied harder for the exam”
} She ______________________________________________________________
} 10. “Would you mind telling me how to get to the art gallery, please?”
} She ______________________________________________________________
Preparation Course for B1 Level 172
UNIT 11. COULD IT BE TRUE?.
} Now do the opposite. From reported speech to direct speech.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 173
UNIT 11. COULD IT BE TRUE?.
} VOCABULARY FOCUS.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 174
UNIT 11. COULD IT BE TRUE?.
} EXAM FOCUS. Reading Part 1.
} Choose between A, B or C the one which best describes what it is said in each picture.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 175
UNIT 11. COULD IT BE TRUE?.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 176
UNIT 11. COULD IT BE TRUE?.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 177
Preparation Course for B1 Level 178
UNIT 12. RELATIONSHIPS.
} In this unit you will learn…
} the structure and different uses of modal perfects.
} how to express in English your different feelings.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 179
UNIT 12. RELATIONSHIPS.
} We can’t choose our family, but we can choose our friends.
} To which extent do you agree with the statement above?
Preparation Course for B1 Level 180
UNIT 12. RELATIONSHIPS.
} Which of the following are important to you?
} Mark the list (1 is the most important; 10 is the less important)
} A best friend should } Be honest
} Be fun to be with
} Like the same music as me
} Like my other friends.
} Live near me.
} Have lots of money.
} Share my sense of humour.
} Be kind when I’m unhappy.
} Support the same football team as me.
} Like doing the same things as me.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 181
UNIT 12. RELATIONSHIPS.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 182
} VOCABULARY FOCUS. Adjectives + preposition. ADJECTIVE PREPOSITION
A
accustomed to
accused of
acquainted with
addicted to
annoyed about/with/at
allergic to
amazed at/by
anxious about
appreciated for
ashamed of
associated with
astonished at/by
aware of
angry with
afraid of
attached to
B
bad at
based on
beneficial to
boastful for
bored with
brilliant at
busy with
C capable of
careful with/about/of
certain about
characteristic of
clever at
connected with
conscious of
content with
crazy about
crowded with
curious about
UNIT 12. RELATIONSHIPS.
D
dissatisfied with
doubtful about
delighted at/about
derived from
different from
disappointed with
E
eager for
eligible for
enthusiastic about
excellent in/at
excited about
experienced in
exposed to
envious of
Preparation Course for B1 Level 183 aratioioioion CoCoCoCoCoCourse f f f f f for B B B B B B1 1 1 1 1 1 LeLeLeLeLeLevel l l l l l
F
faithful to
familiar with
famous for
fed up with
free of/from
frightened of
friendly with
fond of
furious about
furnished with
full of
G
generous with/about
guilty of/about
gentle with
good at
grateful to
H
happy about
hopeful of/about
UNIT 12. RELATIONSHIPS.
I identical with/to
immune to
impressed with
inferior to
indifferent to
innocent of
interested in
involved with
incapable of
J jealous of
K
kind to
keen on
Preparation Course for B1 Level 184
L
late for
limited to
lucky at
M
nervous of/about
notorious for
O
opposed to
P
patient with
pessimistic about
pleased with
polite to
popular with
presented with
proud of
punished for
puzzled by/about
Q
qualified for
R
ready for
related to
relevant to
respectful for
responsible for
rid of
UNIT 12. RELATIONSHIPS.
S
sad about
safe from
satisfied with
scared of
sensitive to
serious about
sick of
similar to
shocked by
skilful at
slow at
sorry for/about
successful in
suitable for
sure of/about
superior to
surprised at
suspicious of
sympathetic with
Preparation Course for B1 Level 185
T
terrible at
terrified of
tired of
thankful to/for
trilled with
troubled with
typical of
U
unaware of
upset about
used to
W
wrong with/about
worried about
UNIT 12. RELATIONSHIPS.
} Exercise. Match each phrase with the correct one (Pay attention to the correspondences between adjective and preposition).
Preparation Course for B1 Level 186
UNIT 12. RELATIONSHIPS.
} Read the following quotes. Do you agree with them?
Preparation Course for B1 Level 187
UNIT 12. RELATIONSHIPS.
} GRAMMAR FOCUS. Modals III (Perfect form).
} Form: MODAL + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
} - modal verbs + PI are often used:
} - to refer to the past
} - to refer to unreal situations
} - to show that the activity was different from what we wanted
} - to say how confident we are that something has happened
Preparation Course for B1 Level 188
UNIT 12. RELATIONSHIPS. } 1. MUST + PI: expresses deduction, a logical conclusion, probability:
} It is very cold; it must have snowed in the mountains.
} I saw him leaving; he must have killed him.
} X He had to kill him.
} 2. CAN´T/COULDN´T + PI: expresses negative deduction:
} She can´t have passed such a difficult exam.
} CAN + PI: expresses impossibility or disbelief:
} The boy can´t have given a better answer than this one.
} X He couldn´t give..., X He wasn´t able to give...
} She can´t have missed the bus.
} 3. COULD + PI:
} You could have done it. (past reference: didn´t do it)
} X You could do it. (future reference: possibility)
} 4. MAY + PI: expresses the possibility that an action took place in the past:
} The little girl may have lost the key. (It is possible that she lost the key.) (with may – action is more probable than with might)
} 5. MIGHT + PI: expresses a past possibility
} Our neighbours might have heard some noises when our car was stolen.
} **MIGHT + PI continuous: expresses a possible action which was continuing at a
} certain moment in the past:
} The kids might have been watching a cartoon at that time.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 189
UNIT 12. RELATIONSHIPS. } 6. NEEDN´T + PI: expresses an unnecessary action, which was, nevertheless,
} performed:
} I needn´t have knocked at the door since, in this way, I awoke the baby. (but I knocked)
} You needn´t have bought the flowers.
} X didn´t need to: show that the action was not necessary but it
} wasn´t performed either:
} I didn´t need to knock at the door since it was open. (so I didn´t knock)
} 7. SHOULD + PI: indicates that the past obligation was not fulfilled or carried out:
} You should have locked the door before leaving the house. (But you didn´t lock it.)
} 8. OUGHT TO + PI: expresses an unfulfilled duty or obligation:
} Paul ought to have waited until the lights were green before he crossed
} the street. (But he didn´t wait.)
} 9. WOULD + PI: 3rd conditional
} I would have gone to university if my parents had had more money. (The speaker didn´t go to university.)
Preparation Course for B1 Level 190
UNIT 12. RELATIONSHIPS. } Exercises. Complete with the correct perfect modal verb form.
} 1. A: I saw a ghost last night.
} B: You (not see) a ghost; there aren´t any ghosts. You (dream) it.
} 2. It is possible that a child broke the window.
} 3. A: I´ve had a toothache for two days.
} B: You (go) to the dentist when it started.
} 4. A: As I was standing in the hall your dog bit me.
} B: It (not be) my dog; he was with me all day. It (be) my brother´s dog.
} 5. A: I wonder why he didn´t answer?
} B: Possibly he didn´t understand the question.
} 6. I gave him a tip, which was not necessary.
} 7. A: The plane is late; I wonder what has happened?
} B: Possibly it was delayed by fog.
} 8. A: I waited from 8.00 to 8.30 under the clock and he says he waited
} from 8.00 to 8.30 under the clock, and we didn´t see each other!
} B: You (wait) under different clocks! There are two in the station, you know.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 191
UNIT 12. RELATIONSHIPS. } 9. We (start) yesterday (this was the plan); but the flight was cancelled because of the fog, so
we´re still here, as you see.
} 10. A: I left my car here under the NO Parking sign; and now it´s gone. It (be) stolen!
} B: Not necessarily. The police (drive) it away.
} 11. A: We´ve run out of petrol!
} B: I´m not surprised. I noticed that the tank was nearly empty when we left home.
} A: You (tell) me! WE (get) petrol at the last village. Now we´ve got a 10-mile walk!
} 12. A: Look at this beautiful painting! Only a very great artist (paint) such a picture!
} B: Nonsense! A child of five (paint) it with his eyes shut.
} 13. A: You don´t think it (be started) deliberately?
} B: Well, I suppose it (be). (It is possible.) But who would do a thing like that?
} 14. There is only one set of footprints, so the kidnapper (carry) his prisoner out. He not (do) it in daylight or he (be) seen. He (wait) till dark.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 192
UNIT 12. RELATIONSHIPS.
} EXAM FOCUS.
} Reading Part 3.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 193
UNIT 12. RELATIONSHIPS. } Questions. Read the text and say if the next sentences are correct(A) or
incorrect (B).
} When the first Sainsbury’s shop opened, it sold meat as well as milk, butter and eggs.
} Shoppers paid more at Sainsbury’s shop because of the quality of the food.
} Sainsbury’s second shop was in central London.
} In the nineteenth century, some Sainsbury’s shops were open until 2 am.
} After 1900, some of the food sold came from other countries.
} In 1900, people spent more of their income on food than they do now.
} In the 1920s, Sainsbury’s gave shoppers more choice than other shops.
} It was possible to have your food delivered by Sainsbury’s in the 1970s.
} English people enjoyed self-service shopping when it was first introduced.
} It took more than 30 years for every Sainsbury’s shop to become self-service.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 194
Preparation Course for B1 Level 195
UNIT 13. STEREOTYPES.
} In this unit you will learn…
} How to use the different connectors and linking words.
} How to express your opinion using a wide variety of expressions.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 196
UNIT 13. STEREOTYPES.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 197
UNIT 13. STEREOTYPES.
} Look at the photographs in the previous frame.
} What do you think they represent?
} The activities they are doing are strictely linked to girls and/or boys? Why?
Preparation Course for B1 Level 198
UNIT 13. STEREOTYPES.
} Discuss the following statements:
Preparation Course for B1 Level 199
UNIT 13. STEREOTYPES.
} GRAMMAR FOCUS. Connectors and linking words.
} CONTRAST.
} In spite of + noun/-ing
} Despite + noun/-ing
} Although / (even) though / in spite of the fact that+ phrase
} However / Nevertheless / Still / Yet / Even so / On the contrary / In contrast.
} On the one hand / On the other hand.
} In contrast to / Contrary to + noun
} Whereas/while
Preparation Course for B1 Level 200
UNIT 13. STEREOTYPES.
} REASON AND CAUSE.
} Because + phrase
} As + phrase
} Since + phrase
} Seeing that + phrase
} Because of / Owing to / On account of / Due to + noun (phrase)/-ing
Preparation Course for B1 Level 201
UNIT 13. STEREOTYPES.
} PURPOSE.
} In order to + infinitive
} So as to + infinitive
} In order that / so that + phrase
} CONSEQUENCE.
} Consequently / As a consequence / As a result / Therefore
} As a consequence of / As a result of + noun / vb-ing
} So (it introduces a phrase)
Preparation Course for B1 Level 202
UNIT 13. STEREOTYPES.
} ADDITION
} Moreover / Furthermore / In addition / Besides / What’s more
} As well as / In addition to / Besides + noun (phrase).
} Except for / Apart from
Preparation Course for B1 Level 203
UNIT 13. STEREOTYPES.
} SUCCESSION.
} First of all / Firstly / To begin with / First ….
} Second / Secondly / Then …
} Third / Thirdly / After that...
} The next stage …
} Finally / in short / to sum up / in conclusion / lastly / last but not least…
Preparation Course for B1 Level 204
UNIT 13. STEREOTYPES.
} Exercise. WRITING TASK.
} Write an argumentative essay in which you give your opinion, widely explained and developed, about the following statement:
} The equality between men and women is being more and more taken into account.
} Your essay should not exceed 250 words.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 205
UNIT 13. STEREOTYPES.
} EXAM FOCUS. Reading Part 4.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 206
UNIT 13. STEREOTYPES.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 207
UNIT 13. STEREOTYPES.
Preparation Course for B1 Level 208
REFERENCES
} HASHEMI Louise, THOMAS Barbara; Objective PET. Student’s book; 2003; Cambridge University Press.
} http://udl.lf1.cuni.cz/Data/Documents/81362705-5C9D-45A4-8AA1-DE1CE7F8A6BD/perfect-infinitive-with-modal-verbs_1.pdf
} http://www.englishpage.com/
} https://englishfl3eso.wikispaces.com/
} http://www.eslbase.com/
Preparation Course for B1 Level 209
Preparation Course for B1 Level 210
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