J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)
Precision spectroscopy in the charmonium mass region using
antiproton annihilation
PANDA at FAIR
J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)
Goal
• In the next 1-2 years PANDA should prepare a physics book that details specific observables and background, provides detailed simulations of the sensitivity to the physics parameters
J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)
Main Physics Issues at PANDA
• Confinement– Charmonium (see talk of Diego Bettoni)– Existence of exotic hadrons ()
• Properties of hadrons– Hadronic mass, charm in matter (A. Gillitzer)– EM coupling, DY, hard processes etc. (Michael Düren)– Spectroscopy of charmed baryons ()– New D-Meson states– New baryon states “at the end of the alphabet”
• Strange Baryons in strong fields (J. Pochodzalla)
J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)
Precision Spectroscopy
• High statistical precision
• High mass resolution– Crystal Ball: typical
resolution ~ 10 MeV– Fermilab: 240 keV
p/p < 10-4 needed
J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)
G. Bali et al., hep-lat/0003012
Confinement on the Lattice
aV(r) br
r= - +
q q
Distance between Quarks [fm]
J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)
Quark-Antiquark Binding Charmonium Physics
DD
DD*
ψ(11D2)
ψ(13D2)
ψ(13D3)
ψ(13D1)
Mcc
[G
eV
/c2]
ηc(11S0)
ηc(21S0)
J/ψ(13S1)
χc0(13P0)
χc1(13P1)
χc2(13P2)
h1c(11P1)
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
4.0D*D*
ψ(33S1)
pp [G
eV
/c]
ψ(23S1)
χc0(23P0)
χc1(23P1)
χc2(23P2)
h1c(21P1)ηc(31S0)
3.4
4.1
4.8
5.5
6.3
7.1
8.0
JP=0+ 1- 1+ (0,1,2)+ 2- (1,2,3)-
… Exclusive ChannelsHelicity violationG-Parity violationHigher Fock state contributions
Open questions …
ηc – inconsistencies
ηc’ - ψ(2S) splitting
h1c – unconfirmed
Peculiar ψ(4040)
Terra incognita for 2P and 1D-States
Spin dependence of potentialLQCD NRQCD
J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)
“Exotic” Hadrons
• Quarkmodels usually account for qq states
• Other color neutral configurations with same quantum numbers can (and will mix)
• Decoupling only possible for
– narrow states– vanishing leading
qq term
(q )(q )q q
+
(q )gq
+
gg
+
= (q ) gi i j jq
+........
J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)
Hadronic Molecules: Example f0
• Breit-Wigner will be distorted near thresholds. (Haidenbauer,Hanhart, Kalishnikova,...)
• Flatte
J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)
Charmed Hybrids
• LQCD: –gluonic excitations of the
quark-antiquark-potential may lead to bound states
– -potentialfor one-gluon exchange
– -potential from excited gluon flux
–mHcc ~ 4.2-4.5 GeV/c2
• Light charmed hybrids
could be narrow if open
charm decays are
inaccessible or suppressed
3
3.5
4
1 2
R/r0
V(R)/GeV
J/ψ
χc
ψ‘
Hcc
DD
RBRB
J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)
Charm Hybrids
distance between quarksGround state has spin exotic quantum numbers
J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)
Glueballs
gg
g
RG
GR
BGGRRB
C. Morningstar PRD60, 034509 (1999)Self interaction between gluons
Construction of color-neutral hadrons with gluons possible
exotic glueballs don‘t mix with mesons (qq)
0--, 0+-, 1-+, 2+-, 3-+,...
J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)
Recently Discovered Hadrons
J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)
126753 Events in peak
27333 Events in peak
M = 2316.8 0.4 MeV/c2 = 8.6 0.5 MeV/c2
Resolution from MC is
= 8.9 0.2 MeV/c2
M = 2317.6 1.3 MeV/c2 = 8.8 1.1 MeV/c2
DsJ*(2317)+ Ds+π0
Ds+ K+K–π+π0
DsJ*(2317)+ Ds+π0
Ds+ K+K–π+
Com
bin
ato
rial D
S*+
DS
*+(2
11
2)
BABAR
BABAR
New State in Two Ds+ Modes
Babar, Aubert et al., PRL 90(2003)242001
J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)
ΔM = 344.6 ± 1.2 MeV/c2
M = 2456.5 ± 1.4 MeV/c2
Ds* Sideband
m(K+K-π+π0γ)- m(K+K-π+γ)[GeV/c2] [GeV/c2]
BABARBABAR
DifferenceSignal + Sideband
Search for a Ds+π0γ State
N = 140 ± 22
m(K+K-π+π0γ)- m(K+K-π+γ)
Babar, Preliminary, PRD, Journal Draft
J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)
Recent Open Charm Discoveries
• The DS± Spectrum
• |cs> + c.c.
• was not expected to reveal any surprises
Potential model
Old measurements
New observations
• Are these molecules?
0 1 0 1 2 3
Ds
Ds*
DsJ*
(2317)
Ds1
m [G
eV/c
2 ]D0K
D*K
DsJ
(2458)
Ds2*
JP
J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)
Hadrons in Nuclear Matter
• Hadronic mass arises from interaction with the vacuum, expect changes to the spectral function in nuclear matter.
M. Lutz, C.Korpa, PLB 633 (2006) 43
J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)
• P-Linac• SIS18• SIS100 (30 GeV)• PBar production Target• RESR/CR• HESR
The HESR in the FAIR Topology
J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)
Basic Data
• Circumference 574 m (space included for PAX extension)
• Momentum:1.5 to 15 GeV/c• HESR as synchrotron• Injection of (anti-)protons from
RESR at 3.8 GeV/c• Acceleration rate 0.1 GeV/c/s• Electron cooling up to 8.9 GeV/c• Stochastic cooling above
3.8 GeV/c
J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)
Electron Cooling : HR-Mode @ p = 8.9 GeV/c
cooling OFF
red: horizontalblue: vertical
• Electron cooling and target ON
• Equilibrium dominated by IBS
Final rms-momentum spread with target and IBS :
3.0 x 10-5
At 3.8 GeV/c 4x10-5
J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)
Stochastic Cooling: HL-Mode @ p = 3.8 GeV/c
Transverse and longitudinal
stochastic coolingred: horizontalblue: vertical rms-emittances
rms relative momentum spread
Including IBS+Target
Final rms-momentum spread: 1.5 x 10-4
J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)
Example: Stochastic Cooling at 4.8 GeV/cHR- Mode
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0 50 100 150 200
Stochastic Momentum Cooling at T = 4 GeV
rms
×
105
t [s]
High Resolution Mode with cut
= 10-3
105 dB, 3 W
110 dB, 10 W
115 dB, 31 W
H. S
tock
hors
t, 2
1/09
/20
05, M
om
entu
m C
ool
ing
at 4
GeV
no
tran
s
• Final rms-momentum spreadin the High Resolution Modeabove 3 GeV:
4 x 10-5
in about 100 s.
• Only longitudinal cooling:
Initial emittance will increasefrom 0.08 mm mrad to 8 mm mrad within one hour due to target-beam interaction.
J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)
Measuring Area
J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)
The PANDA Detector
12 m
5 m
J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)
WASA Pellet Target at COSY
• Photo from test stand, now in the COSY ring
• Operational, optimizationproceeding
• Beam on target in Sept.
J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)
Summary
• Strong QCD: many interesting open questions related to– Confinement– Hadron (spin) structure
• High rates with antiproton beams– Charm quark mass range PANDA/HESR
J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)
J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)
Outline
• Strong QCD
• Confinement– Potential– Types of hadrons
• (Broken) Symmetries in Hadronic Systems (SB)
• Planned experiments with PANDA at FAIR
J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)
Strong QCD
• EM=1/137 increases by ~ 2.7% between E=0 and MZ
• S rises dramatically to ~ 1 for distances of about 1 fm
Strong QCD- Perturbation theory fails
- New Phenomena appear- Confinement- Hadronic mass generation
J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)
Charmonium – the Positronium of QCD
3D2
2900
3100
3300
3500
3700
3900
4100
c(3590)
c(2980)
hc(3525)
(3097)
(3686)
(3770)
(4040)
0(3415)
1(3510) 2(3556)
3D1
3D3
1D2
3P2(~ 3940)
3P1(~ 3880)
3P0(~ 3800)
(~ 3800)
1 fm
C C
~ 600 meV -1000
-3000
-5000
-700011S
0
13S1
21S0 23S
121P
1 23P2
23P1
23P0
031S
0 31D
2 33D2
33D1
33D2
Ionisations energy33S
1
e+ e-0.1 nm
Binding energy [meV]
Mass [MeV]
DDThreshold
8·10-4 eV
10-4 eV
• Positronium • Charmonium
J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)
The Spin-Dependent Potential
SD LS SS TH V V V
2
( )3
2SV
LSc
dVdVL SV
m r dr dr
1 2 2
2
2( )
3SS Vc
S SV V r
m
2
2
2 2
ˆ ˆ2 3 112
V VT
c
S r S r S dV d VV
m r dr dr
spin-orbit(fine structure)
spin-spin(hyperfine structure)
tensor
VS and VV are the scalar and vector components of the non-relativistic potential
J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)
Why Antiprotons?
• e+e- annihilation via virtual photon: to 1st order only states with Jpc = 1--
• In pp annihilation all mesons can be formed
• Resolution of the mass and width is only limited by the beam momentum resolution
Measured rate
Beam
Resonance cross
section
CM Energy
J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)
Central Tracking Detectors
• Straw-Tubes (or TPC…)
• MVD
J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)
Micro Vertex Detectors
Needed for D meson identification (c ~ 100,300 m)
FZJ (IKP+ZEL+ZAT) is taking on the following activities:• System design• Simulations• Readout chain • Prototype testing• Services
Together with Dresden
J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)
Central Tracker
Straw-Tubes alternative: TPC with GEM readout
Building on in-house expertise (TOF, WASA)IKP is taking on:
• Design - low mass (full system ~1%X0), self supporting - longitudinal coordinate: skewed double-layers, or time dependent charge division• Simulation• Prototyping
J. Ritman (FZ-Jülich/RUB)
Prototype Development
Single Tube, Fe Sourcez-Resolution ~ 8 mm
Two tubes, Sr Sourcez-Resolution ~ 35 mm
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