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Practical Troubleshooting & Problem Solving of Industrial Data Communications


Topics• Introduction• Modern Instrumentation and Control• OSI Model• Standards • Protocols


Introduction• Transfer of Information From One Point to

Another

• Transmitter/Receiver/Link

• Serial Links vs Parallel Links

• Digital Data vs Analog

• Mutual Agreement


SCADA

• Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System

• RTU’s to Master Station

• Radio Links /Landlines

• Also A Term Used for SCADA Software packages such as Citect,Wonder Ware etc


OSI Model• Developed by the ISO

• Universal Framework for Building A Communications Systems

• 7 Layer Model

• 3 Layer Model Very Common for Industry

• Missing the 8th Layer


Representation of the OSI Model


Basic Structure of an Information Frame Defined

SyncByte

DestinationAddress

SourceAddress

Data to beTransmitted

Error DetectionByte

SYNCHRONIZING BYTE Is Used To Synchronize The Receiver.

DESTINATION ADDRESS Is Where The Packet Is Going.

SOURCE ADDRESS Is Where The Packet Has Coming From.

DATA Is The Information Contained In The Packet.

ERROR BYTE Is The Result Of The Error Correction Calculation.


Two Wire Multidrop RS-485

R

R

G

G

RX RX

TX TX

A A

B B

A A

B B

GWG GWG

Rt Rt

R

G

RX

TX

A

B

A

B

GWG

R

G

RX

TX

A

B

A

B

GWG

- Generator

- Receiver

- Circuit ground orcircuit common

- Protective ground orframe ground

- Green wire ground orpower system ground

G

R

GWG

Note: The RS-485 standard documentationleaves out the invertes for the receiver

1200M (4000 FT)

TERMINATION RESISTORS AT BOTH ENDS ONLY


Fiber Optic Cable

CoreLight Rays

Light Ray

Cladding

Multimode

Monomode

Sheath


HART ProtocolFSK Communications On Top Of 4 -

20 mA


ProfibusTypical Architecture of System


Foundation Fieldbus

• Newest Fieldbus

• H1 standard - 31.25kbit/s

• HSE - 100Mbit/s

• Three layers plus excellent User Layer


Ethernet 10BaseT

MAC = Media Access Control


TCP/IP

• Internet Protocol (IP)

• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

• Application Layer

• Three Layer Model

• Derived from Internet


Wireless Communications

RadioTransmitter/Receiver

RadioTransmitter/Receiver

Modem Modem

Antenna AntennaRS-232

RS-232


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