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TRANSLATIONAND
INTERPRETATION
Pedro Mendoza
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LINGUISTIC
DICIPLINES
TRANSLATION INTERPRETATION
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DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
TRANSLATION & INTERPRETING
Translationwritten
Interpretingoral
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TYPESOFTRANSLATIONAND
INTERPRETATION
HUMAN
WRITTEN ORAL
NON-LIERARY LITERARY NON-LITERARY
consecutive
simultaneous
Sight translation
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TYPESOFTRANSLATION
TRANSLATION
HUMAN MECHANICAL COMPUTER-AIDED
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translation / interpretation
general specialized
- Financial translation and interpretation
- Legal translation and interpretation
- Literary translation
- Medical translation and interpretation
- Scientific translation and interpretation
- Technical translation and interpretation
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WHATISTRANSLATION?
A written communication in a second language having the
same meaning as the written communication in a first
language (Princeton edu)
Translationis an activity comprising the interpretationof
the meaning of a text in one language, thesource text (ST-
SL) and the production, in another language, of a new,
equivalent text the target text, or translation (TT-TL).
http://www.axistranslations.com/translation-article/interpreting.htmlhttp://www.axistranslations.com/translation-article/interpreting.html8/12/2019 PPT Traduccion e Interpretacion
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Skills needed in translation
In popular belief, to translate, a person only needs:
Reasonable knowledge of a foreign language
And a few good dictionaries
For some, translating is an intuitive process that is based on the
translators creative capability.
On the opposite extreme, there are those who believe that only
specialists like lawyers or scientists can translate.
Those who make these assertions fail to make a distinction
between factual knowledge and procedural knowledge.
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Distinguishing Factual Knowledge and Procedural Knowledge
Factual knowledgeis the knowledge of special fields
Special terminology
Resources available
Foreign languages
Factual knowledge is essential but not enough. Translators also need
procedural knowledge.
Procedural knowledgerelates to some kind of method or procedure tohelp the translator in seizing the meaning of the ST and re-expressing that
meaning in the TT.
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Procedural Knowledge: Options for translation
Basically, a translator has two options for translating:
1. Direct or literaltranslation
1. Obliquetranslation
There are several translation techniques available under each option.
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Direct translation
Possible because of parallel categories
1. Structural parallelism grammatical categories
I s that your gir lf r iend? es esa tu novia?
I have left my book on the table He dejado mi l ibro sobre la mesa
2. Meta-linguistic parallelism parallel concepts
The book el l ibroThe judge el juez
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Oblique translation
Compare:
He swam across the river Cruz el ro a nado
They begged you not to bother them again Rogaban que no volvierasa molestarlos
He kicked the door shut lcerr la puerta de una patada
Hesextr emely intell igent No tiene nada de tonto
Early last year A pr incipios del ao pasado
Both English and spanish have the corresponding elements
But the structure of the statement is different in the two languages. A
direct translation is no longer possible. The translator needs to use oblique
translation techniques.
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1. Borrowing
It is used to overcome a gap or lacuna (a new technical process, a new concept)
chic, sandwich, dj vu, margaritas, tortillas, pisco sour, sushi, empanadas,spaghetti.
2. Calque
Calques are special kind of borrowing where a language borrows a word or an
expression from another language and translates literally each of its elements.
Ftbol, stand, net, chat, desktop, software, penalty, mouse, mall, shopping
DIRECT TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES
3. Literal translation
The girl is sick la nia est enferma
Good morning buen dia
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1. Transposition
Operates at the grammatical level
Consists of the replacement of a word class by another word class
without changing the meaning
Adverb verb
Werein Chile, obviously Es obvio que estamos en Chile
Adverb noun
Early last year A principios del ao pasado
Adverb adjective
To clarify as fully as posible Para indicar con lamxima claridad
Verb adverb
It kept raining during our holidays Llova de continuo durante las
vacaciones
OBLIQUE TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES
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2. Modulation
It is used when the other techniques would generate a text that is grammatically
correct, but unsuitable, not idiomatic, or awkward.
1. Abstract Concrete or General :
Sit by the fire: "Sentarse junto a la chimenea".
2. Cause effect :Yourequite a stranger: No se te conoce por ac
3. A part another part :
From cover to cover: Desde la primera hasta la ltima pgina
4. Term reversal :
Health insurance:Seguro de salud
3 i
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3. Equivalence
Used to render expressions using different stylistic and structural
methods.
Most equivalences are fixed, and include idioms, clichs, proverbs,
nominal or adjectival phrases, onomatopoeia, etc.
To call a spade a spade Al pan, pan y al vino, vino
Like father, like son De tal palo, tal astilla
4. Adaptation
Used when the limit to translation is been reached, i.e. when a simple
translation would not work or it would produce a result that is shocking
in the target language and culture.
Titles of books, movies, and characters often fit into this category
CloverfieldMonstruoso
Jaws Tiburn
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Translators Role
An excellent translation reads like a piece
originally written in the target language, sentence
structure, linkages and discourse, are entirelyappropriate to the target language. U.K.
Linguistics Association
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A GOOD TRANSLATOR IS
Curious
Independent, creative A good researcher
Self-motivated
A strong writer
A person who knows about different topics
Thinks about context first then about meaning
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It is a translation orally for parties conversing in different
languages. (Merriam-Websters dictionary)
It sounds easy, isnt it?
But Interpretation is harder than that, interpretation is
about culture, talking, hearing, about meanings and quick
decisions.
WHATISINTERPRETATION?
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TYPESANDMODES
Types
Simultaneous
Consecutive
Whispered Relay
Liaison
Modes
Conference
Judicial
Escort Public sector
Medical
Sign language
Media
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Simultaneous
The interpreter
renders the message
as quickly as he or she
can formulate it from
the source language,
while the speakercontinuously speaks;
sitting in a sound-proof
booth, speaks into a
microphone, while
clearly seeing and
hearing speaker via
earphones.
Consecutive
The interpreter
speaks after the
speaker has
finished. The
speech is dividedinto segments,
and the interpreter
sits or stands
beside speaker,
listening
and takes notes.
Whispered
Its like whispering
simultaneous, the
interpreter sits or
stands next to theperson or people
requiring
interpretation
(maximum of two
people )
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Relay Liaison
Relay interpreting is usually used when
there are several target languages. A
source-language interpreter interprets the
text to a language common to every
interpreter, who then render the message
to their respective target languages. For
example, a Chinese message first is
rendered to English to a group of
interpreters, who listen to the English and
render the message into Greek.
Liaison interpreting
involves relaying what
is spoken to one,
between two, or among
many people. This canbe done after a short
speech, or
consecutively,
sentence-by-sentence,
or (whispering).
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Mode Places Techniques Requirements
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Mode Places Techniques Requirements
Conference Conferences
(Institutional
Or Private)
Consecutive
Simultaneous
Knowledge about both
languages.
To take notes.
Judicial Courts of justice.
Administrative
tribunals.
Consecutive
Simultaneous
Knowledge about both
languages.
knowledge of law and
legal and court
procedures.
Authorization from the
State.
Escort On a tour.
On a visit.
To a meeting or
interview.
Liaison Knowledge about both
languages.
Free time.
Public
Sector
In fields as legal,
health, local
government,
social, housing,
environmental ,
Simultaneous
Liaison
Knowledge about both
languages.
Mode Places Techniques Requirements
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Mode Places Techniques Requirements
Medical Hospital.
Fields about
health.
Liaison Knowledge about
both languages.
Knowledge of
medicine.
Sign
Language
In a room or
space that
allows them to
be seen by thedeaf participants
and heard
clearly
Simultaneous
Consecutive.
Knowledge about
sign languages.
National and State
level certifications.
Media Live television
coverage.
Live or taped
interviews.
Simultaneous Knowledge about
both languages.
Knowledge
about technical
control room's.
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INTERPRETATIONSTEPS
1. Listen
2. Comprehend
3. Abstract the message from the words and word order
4. Store ideas -- Memory 5. Search for the conceptual and semantic matches
6. Reconstruct the message in the other language
7. WHILE . . . Speaking and listening for the next
chunk of language to process 8. WHILE . . . Monitoring their own output
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WHAT IS THE JOB LIKE & WHERE DO
INTERPRETERS WORK?
Interpreters often work in teams
Work before large & small audiences Expert proficiency and speed in spoken language
On the spot knowledge of terms
Interpreting in business vs. tourism
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A GOOD INTERPRETER IS
Proficient at speaking two or more languages
Able to speak before large & small groups of people Willing and able to travel
Has knowledge in various fields
Flexible
Has knowledge of different cultures
Has good pronunciation, diction and tone of voice
Has Developed an accent-free speech
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IMPORTANCE OF TRANSLATORS &
INTERPRETERS
United Nations
Works of literature
Make communication possible International Business
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It is one of the hardest things I have ever done as languagestudent.
Its nerve breaking and stressful.
Makes you improve your skills.
It is a challenge for your abilities to express a message.
It is amazing.
Gives you a very fulfilling sense of achievement after you
complete a segment or speech.
What is Interpretation to me?