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LECTURE - 02
VESSELS TYPE AND SIZE
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SHIPS
A ship is a large vessel that floats on water
Generally distinguished from boats based on size and
cargo or passenger capacity.
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SIZE OF SHIPS
DWT : Deadweight Tonnage
The carrying capacity of the ship, namely the total weight ofcargo, fuel, fresh water etc.
GRT : Gross Registered Tonnage
Total volume of the ship (in m3) divided by 2.83 m3
NPT : Net Registered Tonnage
Available volume of cargo, i.e. GRT the volume of engine
room, compartments for operation and ballast tanks
DT : Displacement TonnageThe total weight of the ship, i.e. the weight of the sea water
displaced by the ship
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TYPES OF VESSELS
Ocean going vessels are classified by the type of cargo they
carry and their size expressed as DWT. In some cases, a
vessel is classified by its length and width.
Bulk Carriers
These vessels carry dry (grains, fertilizers,
phosphates and ores) or wet (chemicals, orange juice,refined petroleum products) bulk cargo.
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Handysize
Size: 10,000 - 30,000 DWT
These are small bulk carriers that make up the majority of the
world's short haul fleet. Handysize can refer either to a bulk
carrier or tanker.
Handymax
Size: 30,001 - 50,000 DWT
These are a larger version of the Handysize vessels and popular
for both bulk and crude carriers. These vessels have a large
variation in size and characteristics.
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Panamax
Size: 50,001 DWT - 80,000 DWT
This is the maximum size ship that can pass through the locks ofthe Panama Canal. Locks are 1000ft long by 110ft wide and 85ft
deep. Panamax dimensions are: overall length (LOA) of 965ft
(290m); beam of 106ft (32.3m); draft of 39.5ft (12.04m).
CapesizeSize: 80,001 DWT - 199,000 DWT
These are vessels that are too large to pass through the locks of
either the Panama or Suez Canals. As a result, these vessels must
travel around the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa or CapeHorn in South America to their destinations. These vessels also
require deep-water ports.
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Very Large Ore Carriers (VL Ore Carriers)
Size: 200,000 DWT
These vessels are the largest bulk carriers and also cannot passthrough either the Panama or Suez canals.
Tankers
These vessels carry refined petroleum products in numerous bulk
tanks for safety and in order to carry a number of differentproducts in a single voyage.
Tankers of less than 100,000 DWT are referred to as either
"clean" or "dirty". Clean tankers carry refined petroleum products
such as gasoline, kerosene, jet fuels, or chemicals. The so-calleddirty vessels transport products such as heavy fuel oils or crude
oil. Larger tankers usually only carry crude oil.
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Coastal
Size: 3,001 DWT - 10,000 DWT
These are the smallest tankers and are generally used in coastal
waters requiring a shallow draft. Coastal tankers typically carry
kerosene, heating oils, fuels and chemicals.
Small
Size: 10,001 DWT - 19,000 DWT
This is the next size up tanker and is still often used in coastalwaters. These also typically carry kerosene, heating oils, fuels and
chemicals.
Handy or Handysize
Size:19,001 DWT-25,000 DWT; Alternate: 10,000 - 34,999 DWTThis is a popular-sized tanker, but typically not used in very long
voyages
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VESSEL TYPES
BULK CARRIER ORE CARRIER
BARGE CARRIER RO RO CONTAINER SHIP
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Conti
CONTAINER SHIP RO RO FERRY
CAR CARRIER GAS CARRIER
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Conti
CHEMICALS TANKER PRODUCTS TANKER
VLCC COMBINATION CARRIER
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VESSEL SIZES
Dead WeightTonnage (Tons)
OverallLength (m) Width (m) Height (m)
Fully LadenDraught (m)
4000 100.0 15.4 7.0 6.3
6000 118.0 16.6 8.3 6.9
8000 130.0 17.6 9.5 7.4
10000 140.0 18.5 10.5 7.9
12000 150.0 19.4 11.2 8.515000 163.0 20.7 12.0 9.0
20000 180.0 22.8 13.0 9.7
25000 194.0 24.7 13.8 10.3
30000 205.0 26.5 14.3 10.7
40000 223.0 29.7 15.4 11.1
50000 235.0 32.5 16.2 11.3
60000 245.0 35.0 17.1 12.0
80000 259.0 39.2 18.8 12.6
100000 268.0 42.5 20.4 13.0
BULK CARRIERS
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COMBINATION OF BULK/ORE CARRIERS
Dead Weight
Tonnage(Tons)
Overall
Length (m)
Breadth
(Moulded)
Depth
(Moulded)
Draught
(Loaded)
Draught
(Ballast) m(max)
119190 270 42.00 21.20 15.60 8.4
112900 261 40.20 21.40 15.50 10.62 (Max)
113180 261 40.60 24.00 16.00 10.69
102824 259 41.30 20.40 14.20 8.29
118000 261 42.00 22.80 16.13 9.0
104330 259.7 38.00 21.30 15.52 9.37
111120 261 40.60 23.00 16.00 9.36
98720 255 40.20 23.90 14.63 9.00
113180 261 40.60 23.00 16.00 9.74
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Container vessels
Container
Vessel
TEU
capacity
DWT (ave) L
m
D
m
B
m
1st generation 750 - 1100 14,000 180 - 200 9.0 27.0
2nd generation 1500- 1800 30,000 225 - 240 11.5 30.0
3rd generation 2400- 3000 45,000 270 - 300 12.5 32.0
4th generation 4000- 4500 57,000 290 - 310 11.5-12.5 32.3
Panamax-plus 4300- 4600 54,000 270 -300 11 - 12 38 - 40
Conbulk mostly Panamax-size bulk
carriers
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TANKER DIMENSIONS
Ship size (1,000
DWT)
Draft (m) Beam (m) Length (m)
20 9 22 180
50 12 31 235
70 13 35 260100 15 41 270
150 16,5 46 300
200 19 50 330
250 21 52 340
300 23 55 350
550 28,5 63 415
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DISTRIBUTION OF WORLD FLEET OF TANKERS
Ship size (1000 DWT) Number of ships
30 to 80 347
80 to 130 357
130 to 180 274
180 to 230 49230 to 280 294
280 to 330 66
330 to 380 25
380 to 430 21
430 to 480 5
480 to 530 4
530 to 565 2
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MOORING EQUIPMENT FOR DIFFERENT SHIP SIZES
Ship size (DWT) Mooring equipment
25,000 14 polypropylene dia 60 mm
75,000 20 polypropylene dia 72 mm
140,000 20 polypropylene dia 80 mm
250,000 24 polypropylene dia 88 mm
550,000 20 steel dia 42 mm
+ 2 polypropylene dia 80 mm
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