Polyatomic Ions & Chemical Nomenclature
Meyer 2013
• Cations (+) need tobe colored Blue
• Anions (-) need to be colored red
• All shapes need to be cut out and placed in a envelope
Poly atomic Ion Quiz+1ammonium, NH4
+ -1
acetate, C2H3O2-, or CH3COO -
bromate, BrO3-
chlorate, ClO3-
chlorite, ClO2-
cyanide, CN-
hydrogen carbonate, HCO3- (also called bicarbonate)
hydroxide, OH-
hypochlorite, ClO-
iodate, IO3-
nitrate, NO3-
nitrite, NO2-
permanganate, MnO4-
perchlorate, ClO4-
thiocyanate, SCN -
-2carbonate, CO3
-2
chromate, CrO4 -2
dichromate, Cr2O7 -2
oxalate, C2O4 -2
peroxide, O2 -2
sulfate, SO4 -2
sulfite, SO3 -2
-3phosphate, PO4
-3
phosphite, PO3 -3
arsenate, AsO4 -3
• Quiz 1 Wednesday
• Quiz 2 Thursday
• Quiz 3 Friday
Found in Lab manualon Angle last pages
Chemical Nomenclature
- Nomenclature is how chemical compounds are named
- You will be expected to convert betweenFormula ↔ NameNaCl ↔ Sodium Chloride
Outline of Chemical Nomeclature
• Ionic Nomenclature• Fixed charge Cations• Variable charge Cations
– Polyatomic Ions• Covalent Nomenclature
– Covalent prefixes• Acids
• Binary Acids• Oxy- acids
Fixed Charge Vs Variable Charge
Group 1 (alkali metals) are always (+1)Group 2(alkaline earth metals) are always (+2)Al = +3 / Zn = +2 / Ag = +1
All other cations are variable charge
Fixed charge Cations
All charges must cancel out (overall charge should = zero)
1. Cation is first2. Anion is second3. Anion ends with suffix “ide”
Practice
Name FormulaPotassium Chloride
MgCl2
Lithium sulfideAl2O3
Practice
Name FormulaPotassium Chloride KClMagnesium Chloride MgCl2
Lithium sulfide Li2SAluminum Oxide Al2O3
Roman Numerals
1 72 83 94 105 116 12
Roman Numerals
1 I 7 VII2 II 8 VIII3 III 9 IX4 IV 10 X5 V 11 XI6 VI 12 XII
Variable Charge Cations
All charges must cancel out (overall charge should = zero)
1. Cation is first2. Anion is second3. Anion ends with suffix “ide”4. A roman numeral is placed between the
cation and anion to indicate the cation’s charge
Practice
Name FormulaNickel (II) Bromide
CuCl2
SrOUranium (IV) oxide
AuCl3
Practice
Name FormulaNickel (II) Bromide NiBr2
Copper (II) Chloride CuCl2
Strontium Oxide SrOUranium (IV) Oxide UO2
Gold (III) Chloride AuCl3
Polyatomic ions
All charges must cancel out (overall charge should = zero)
1. Cation is first2. Anion is second (this is usually your poly atomic)3. Polyatomic ions do not get a suffix4. Variable cations get roman numeral, fixed do not5. Multiple polyatomic ions are placed in
parentheses “( )”
Practice
Name FormulaCopper (II) Sulfate
Ni(NO3)3
Calcium ChlorideUranium (III) oxide
ZnCO3
TiPO3
Practice
Name FormulaCopper (II) Sulfate CuSO4
Nickel (III) Nitrate Ni(NO3)3
Calcium Chloride CaCl2
Uranium (III) oxide U2O3
Zinc Carbonate ZnCO3
Titanium (III) Phosphite TiPO3
Covalent Prefixes
1 = Mon 6 = Hex2 = Di 7 = Hept3 = Tri 8 = Oct4 = Tetra 9 = Non5 = Pent 10 = Dec
Quiz over prefixes Tomorrow
Covalent Nomenclature
Charges are not important
1. Ugliest anion goes first (most metal like)2. Second anion gets prefix and ends with
suffix “ide”3. First anion only gets prefix if more than one is present
Practice
Name FormulaCarbon tetrafluoride
SO2
Carbon dioxideCaF2
Iron (III) sulfateP2O5
Practice
Name FormulaCarbon tetrafluoride CF4
Sulfur dioxide SO2
Carbon dioxide CO2
Calcium fluoride CaF2
Iron (III) sulfate Fe2(SO4)3
Diphosphorus pentoxide P2O5
Acids
• All acids start with the element Hydrogen (H)
- Binary acids have 2 elements
follow = Hydro _____ ic acid only four binary acids HF / HCl / HBr / HI
Oxy-Acids• All oxy-acids contain oxygen (polyatomic Ion)
- ate = ic H2SO4 = Sulfuric acidHNO3 = Nitric acid
(ate something icky)
- ite = ous HNO2 = Nitrous acid(bite something poisonous)
Practice
Name FormulaPhosphoric acidLead (II) nitrite
HC2H3O2
Carbonic acidCS2
HBr
Practice
Name FormulaPhosphoric acid H3PO4 (-ic to -ate)Lead (II) nitrite Pb(NO2)2
Acetic acid HC2H3O2
Carbonic acid H2CO3
Carbon disulfide CS2
Hydrobromic acid (hydro means no O)
HBr
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