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ü ' sittin$ Vice President is eli$ible for reelection&
ü The term of oce of the Vice President is . "ears
ü The oce ma" be terminated b" resi$nation or
remo#al&
ü ' formal impeachment is not re/uired&
ü The election to the oce of the Vice Presidenthas to be completed before the expiration of theterm&
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QUALIFICATIONS:
ü Should be a citi3en of 0ndia&
ü Should ha#e completed 4. "ears of a$e&
ü Should not hold an" oce of pro5t
ü Should be /uali5ed for election as amember of the a!"a Sabha&
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VACANCY:
& :n the expir" of term . "ears&
1& ;" death
4& ;" resi$nation
*& ;" remo#al from the oce
.& :ther%ise
0n case of #acanc" the election must be held as soon as possible& The ne%l"elected VP remains in oce for a full term of . "ears from the date ofassumin$ char$es&
ELECTION DISPUTES:
The election disputes in relation %ith election of the Vice-President areen/uired into and decided b" the Supreme Court& The decision of SupremeCourt is 5nal and exclusi#e&
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SALARY AND EMOLUMENTS
& Salar" is dra%n in the capacit" ofChairman of a!"a Sabha&
1& 7ra%s a salar" of , 1.,999
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PRIME MINISTER
Appointment:
ü The $eneral principle is that the President appointsthe leader of ma!orit" part" in the Lok Sabha as thePrime inister
ü 0f no part" $ets a clear ma!orit" then the Presidentma" exercise his personal discretion in theappointment of the Prime inister&
ü The Prime inister ma" be a member of an" of thet%o houses of the Parliament&
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ü 0ndira Aandhi (>))+ ü 7e#e Ao%da (>>)+ ü 0 E Au!ral (>>@+ ü anmohanSin$h (199*+ %ere the members of a!"a Sabha&
Term ü 's lon$ as the Prime inister en!o"s the ma!orit" support in the LokSabha, he cannot be remo#ed b" the President&
Saar!: This is determined b" the Parliament from time to time&
Re"i#nation: The P submits the resi$nation to the President&
FUNCTIONS OF T$E PRIME MINISTER:
ü The P recommends to the President about the members %ho can be appointedas the inisters&
ü 8ote The President appoints onl" those persons as inisters %ho are
recommended b" the Prime inister&ü The P allocates #arious portfolios amon$ the inisters&
ü The P reshuFes the portfolios&
ü The P asks a inister to resi$n&
ü The P ad#ises the President to remo#e a inister&
ü The P presides o#er the meetin$ of Council of inisters&
ü The P is the principal channel of communication bet%een the President and theCouncil of inisters&
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ü 0t shall be the dut" of the Prime inister to communicate to the Presidentall decisions of the Council of inisters relatin$ to the administration of theaGairs of the Ao#ernment and proposals for the le$islation&
ü The P ad#ises the President %ith respect to the appointment of 'ttorne"Aeneral, Hnion Public Ser#ice Commission Chairman and embers,Comptroller and 'uditor Aeneral, Chief 2lection Commissioner and other2lection Commissioners, Chairman and members of Iinance Commission etc&
ü The P recommends the President for the dissolution of Lok Sabha&
ü The P is the Chairman ofPlannin$ Commission
8ational 7e#elopment Council
8ational 0nte$ration Council 8ational Population Council
0nter State Council
8ational =ater esource Council
8ational 7isaster mana$ement etc
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T$E COUNCIL OF MINISTERS:
ü The Council of inisters is headed b" the P&
ü 'rticle @*(+ of the 0ndian Constitution There shall be a Council ofinisters headed b" the P to aid and ad#ice the President&
APPOINTMENT:
ü Arti%e &' ()*: The P is appointed b" the President and otherinisters are also appointed b" the President on the ad#ice of the P&
ü ' inister (P is also a inister+ must be a member of eitherLoksabha or a!"a Sabha&
ü Arti%e &' ('*: 0f a person %ho is not a member of either of thehouses of the parliament is appointed as the inister, must become amember of either of the houses of the Parliament %ith in a period of )months from the date appointment as the inister&
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ü ' minister is indi#iduall" responsible
to the President& ' inister submitsthe resi$nation to the President& ThePresident can remo#e a inister onl"
on the ad#ice of the P&
ü The Council of inisters is
collecti#el" responsible to theLoksabha&
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ü Charan Sin$h %as the onl" Prime inister, under %hosere$ime Parliament ne#er met&
ü Aul!ari Lal 8anda %as the onl" interim Prime inister for 1times&
ü Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel %as the 5rst 7eput" Prime inister
of 0ndia from >*@ J .9&
ü orar!i 7esai %as the 5rst 7eput" Prime inister after thecommencement of the Constitution&
ü 7e#ilal %as the 7eput" Prime inister for 1 times& >D> and>>9 under the t%o Prime inisters V P Sin$h and Chandra
Shekar&
ü L E 'd#ani %as the last 7eput" Prime inister of 0ndia&
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SUPREME COURT
ü The Supreme Court came into existence on Banuar" 1D, >.9&
ü The Supreme Court is the apex court (top most in the hierarch"+ inthe countr"&
ü The 6i$h Courts are belo% the Supreme Court&
ü Hnder the 6i$h Court there is a s"stem of subordinate courts&(7istrict Courts and other lo%er courts+&
ü The Supreme Court is the $uardian of the Constitution&
ü The Supreme Court is the $uarantor and protector of theIundamental i$hts of the citi3ens&
ü 8o Supreme Court !ud$e %as remo#ed so far in independent 0ndia&
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APPOINTMENT OF 9UDGES:
ü The !ud$es of the Supreme Court are appointed
b" the President&
ü The Chief Bustice of 0ndia (CB0+ is appointed b" thePresident after consultation %ith other !ud$es of theSupreme Court and 6i$h Courts as the Presidentdeems necessar"&
ü (IMPORTANT: =hile appointin$ the other !ud$esof the Supreme Court the consultation %ith theChief Bustice of 0ndia is obli$ator" for the President+&
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OAT$:
ü :ath of oce is administered b" the President of 0ndia&
ü 0n the absence of the President some other person appointed b" the President
%ould perform the same&
TENURE (TERM*:
ü ' !ud$e holds the oce till he
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IMPEAC$MENT OR REMOVAL:
ü ' !ud$e of the Supreme Court can be remo#ed throu$h impeachment&
ü ' !ud$e can be remo#ed from the oce b" the President on the recommendation b" the Parliament&
ü There are t%o $rounds that are mentioned in the Constitution for the remo#al of !ud$e of the Supreme Court&
K Pro#ed isbeha#ior (OR* 0ncapacit"&
ü The remo#al procedure of a Bud$e of the Supreme Court is initiated either in the Lok Sabha or in the a!"aSabha&
ü I= t+e pro%e1re /e#in" in Lo> Sa/+a&
K ' remo#al motion of a Supreme Court !ud$e is si$ned b" 99 members in the case of Lok Sabha&
K The si$ned remo#al motion is to be $i#en to the Speaker&
K The speaker ma" admit or refuse to admit the same&
K 0f it is admitted the speaker constitutes a three member committee to in#esti$ate into the char$es&
K T+e %ommittee "+o1 %on"i"t o=
# the CB0 (OR* a !ud$e of the Supreme Court
# a chief !ustice of a hi$h court
# ' distin$uished !urist&
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K 0f the committee 5nds the !ud$e to be $uilt" ofmisbeha#ior or suGerin$ from incapacit" the LokSabha can take up the consideration of the motion&
K 'fter it is passed in Lok Sabha %ith a specialma!orit" the motion is presented to the a!"a Sabha&
K 0f it is also passed in the a!"a Sabha %ith aspecial ma!orit" an address is presented to thePresident for the remo#al of the !ud$e&
K The President passes an order remo#in$ the !ud$e&
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ü I= t+e pro%e1re /e#in" in Ra?!aSa/+a&
K ' remo#al motion of a SupremeCourt !ud$e is si$ned b" .9 membersin the case of a!"a Sabha&
$IG$ COURT
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$IG$ COURT
ü The 6i$h Court occupies the top position in the !udicial
administration of state&
ü The @r"t $i#+ Co1rt" %ere set up in 0ndia in Ca%1ttaom/a! an Mara" in D)1&
ü 0n the "ear D)) the fourth 6i$h Court %as set up in 'llahabad&
ü The @th amendment (>.)+ 'ct authori3ed the Parliament toestablish a common 6i$h Court for 1 or more states&
ü 't present there are 47 $i#+ Co1rt" in the countr"&
ü The salaries, allo%ances and pensions of the 6i$h Court !ud$esare determined from time to time b" the Parliament&
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OAT$:
ü :ath of oce is administered b" theAo#ernor of the concerned state&
ü 0n the absence of the Ao#ernorsome other person appointed b" thePresident %ould perform the same&
TENURE (TERM*:
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TENURE (TERM*:
ü ' !ud$e of 6i$h Court holds the oce till he
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RESIGNATION:
ü ' !ud$e of 6i$h Court submits the resi$nation to thePresident of 0ndia&
IMPEAC$MENT
ü ' !ud$e can be remo#ed from the oce b" the
President on the recommendation b" the Parliament&
ü (RemoBe in t+e "ame manner i>e t+at o= aS1preme Co1rt+&
GOVERNOR
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GOVERNOR
ü The Ao#ernor is the Constitutional head of the state&
APPOINTMENT: ü The Ao#ernor of a state is appointed b" thePresident&
OAT$ OF OFFICE:
ü The oath of oce of the Ao#ernor is administered b" the Chief Bustice of the concerned 6i$h Court&
QUALIFICATIONS:
ü 6e should be a citi3en of 0ndia&
ü 6e should ha#e completed the a$e of 4. "ears&
ü The Ao#ernor is entitled %ithout the pa"ment of rent to the use
of a! ;ha#an (:cial residence+&
SALARY
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SALARY:
ü The salar" and other allo%ances are decided b" theparliament&
ü 't present the salar" of the Ao#ernor of a state is s& ));;;;
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TRANSFER:
ü The President ma" transfer a Ao#ernor from
one state to the other&
REAPPOINTMENT:
ü The President ma" reappoint a person as theAo#ernor of the same state or transfer to theother state&
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FUNCTIONS:
& ü The functions of a Ao#ernor are
similar to that of the President of 0ndia&1& ü 2xecuti#e
4& ü Le$islati#e
*& ü Budicial.& ü Iinancial functions&
2 1t t+e GoBernor oe" not +aBe
ipomati% miitar! an Emer#en%!po,er" i>e t+at o= t+e pre"ient o=Inia
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LEGISLATIVE POERS OF T$E GOVERNOR:
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ü The Ao#ernor is a part of State Le$islature&
ü (State Le$islature means the assembl", the Le$islati#e Council and the Ao#ernor ifit is bicameral le$islature& 0n case of unicameral le$islature it is the State le$islati#e
assembl" and the Ao#ernor +&
ü The Ao#ernor summons the State Le$islature& ü S1mmon means be$innin$ of asession&
ü The Ao#ernor Proro$ues the State Le$islature& ü Proro#1e means endin$ of a
session&
ü The Ao#ernor dissol#es the State Le$islati#e 'ssembl"&
ü Note: The Le$islati#e Council is a permanent house it cannot be dissol#ed& ;ut itcan be abolished&
ü The Ao#ernor addresses the state le$islature at the be$innin$ of the 5rst sessioneach "ear&
ü Note: 6ere the meanin$ of "ear is calendar "ear and not 5nancial "ear& This is$enerall" the bud$et session that starts in the month of Iebruar"&
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ü The Ao#ernor nominate" one An#o-Inian to the state le$islati#e'ssembl"&
ü The GoBernor nominate" )
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FINANCIAL POERS OF T$E GOVERNOR:
ü The Ao#ernor sees that the bud$et ('nnual Iinancial Statement+ islaid before the State Le$islature&
ü The one" bills can be introduced in the State Le$islature onl" onthe prior recommendation of the Ao#ernor&
ü 8o demand for a $rant can be made except on therecommendation of the Ao#ernor&
ü The Ao#ernor can make ad#ances out of the Contin#en%! F1no= a State to meet an" unforeseen expenditure&
ü The Ao#ernor constitutes a State Finan%e Commi""ion aftere#er" 5#e "ears to re#ie% the 5nancial position of the Pancha"ats andthe unicipalities&
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IMPORTANT ARTICLES RELATED TO T$E GOVERNOR
ü 'rticle .4 There shall be a Ao#ernor for each state&
ü Arti%e )'7: The executi#e po%er of the state shall be#ested in the Ao#ernor and shall be exercised b" himeither directl" or throu$h ocers subordinate to him inaccordance %ith the constitution&
ü Arti%e )'': The Ao#ernor is appointed b" thePresident&
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9UDICIAL POERS OF T$E GOVERNOR:
ü The Ao#ernor can $rant Pardons, reprie#es, respites andremissions of punishments or suspend, remit and commute the
sentence of an" person con#icted of an" oGence a$ainst an" la%relatin$ to a matter to %hich the executi#e po%er of the stateextends&
ü The Ao#ernor %annot Pardon a death Sentence& (The President
has the po%er of Pardon a death Sentence+&
ü The Ao#ernor %annot $rant pardon, reprie#e, respite,suspension, remission or commutation in respect to punishment orsentence b" a court martial& (The President of 0ndia en!o"s this
po%er+&
ü The Ao#ernor takes decisions %ith relation to the appointments,postin$s, promotions of the 7istrict Court !ud$es in consultation%ith the state 6i$h Court&
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STATE LEGISLATURE
ü Parliament means the Lok Sabha, the a!"a Sabha andthe President&
ü Simiar! State Le$islature means
K The State Le$islati#e 'ssembl" or Lo%er 6ouse
K The State Le$islati#e Council or Hpper 6ouse
An
K The Ao#ernor
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$O T$E STATE LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL IS CREATED< AOLIS$ED
ü ARTICLE )5: The Parliament is empo%ered to establish orabolish a state le$islati#e council&
ü The state assembl" if passes a resolution b" a special ma!orit"&
ü 0f the Parliament b" a ma!orit" (simple+ accepts the same thenthe le$islati#e council can be established&
ü NOTE: Throu$h the same process a le$islati#e council can beabolished&
ü ALSO NOTE: This is not an amendment of the constitutionunder 'rticle 4)D& This is passes like an ordinar" le$islation&
ASSEMLY:
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STRENGT$: (NUMER OF MEMERS*
ü The minimum stren$th of assembl" is ;&
ü The maximum stren$th of assembl" is ';;&
ü The stren$th of assembl" #aries from state to state dependin$ on the population&
ü The stren$th of Httar Pradesh assembl" is *94& (6i$hest population+
ü The stren$th of Sikkim assembl" is 41& (Lo%est population+&
ü 7id "ou notice that the stren$th of some of the assemblies like 'runachal Pradesh,Sikkim, Aoa, i3oram, and 8a$aland etc in the countr" is e"" t+an ;M
ü 0n case of 8a$aland the minimum stren$th is 5xed at *)&
ü 0n case of i3oram the minimum stren$th is 5xed at *9&
ü 0n case of 'runachal Pradesh, Aoa and Sikkim the minimum stren$th is 5xed at 49&
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CAN T$E TERM OF ASSEMLY IS ETENDED
ü The term of assembl" can be extended b" "ear durin$ the period of 8ational emer$enc"&
ü This period can be extended b" an" number oftimes but not more than "ear at a time&
ü The extension cannot be continued be"ond aperiod of ) months after the emer$enc" hasceased to operate&
QUALIFICATIONS FOR LEGISLATIVE ASSEMLY:
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QUALIFICATIONS FOR LEGISLATIVE ASSEMLY:
ü 6e must be a citi3en of 0ndia&
ü 6e must not be less than 1. "ears of a$e&
ü 6e must possess other /uali5cations prescribed b" the Parliament&
ü 's per the point number 4, the parliament has laid do%n the additional/uali5cations&
ü The additional /uali5cations are mentioned in the epresentation of Peoples'ct of >.&
DISQUALIFICATIONS:
ü 8ote The dis/uali5cations are same like that of a member of the Parliament&
ü 0f he holds an" oce of pro5t under the Hnion or State $o#ernment&
ü ECEPTION: ' inister in the union or state $o#ernment is not considered as
holdin$ an oce of pro5t&
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• ü Note: The dis/uali5cation of a member is decided b" the Ao#ernor afterobtainin$ the opinion of the 2lection Commission&
SALARY:
ü The salar" of the members of le$islati#e assembl" is decided b" the statele$islature&
RESIGNATION:
ü ' member of le$islati#e assembl" submits the resi$nation to the speaker&
SPEAHER:
QUALIFICATIONS:
ü 6e must be a member of the le$islati#e assembl"&
ELECTION:
ü The speaker is elected from amon$st the members of state le$islati#e assembl"&
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RESIGNATION:
ü Speaker submits the resi$nation letter to the 7eput" Speaker&
VACANCY IN T$E OFFICE OF T$E SPEAHER:
ü 0f the speaker ceases to be a member of assembl" he deemed to be #acated the seat&
ü 0f he resi$ns then there is a #acanc" in the oce of the speaker&
ü 0f the speaker is remo#ed b" a resolution passed b" a ma!orit" of all the then members of the assembl",then there is a #acanc" in the oce of the speaker&
REMOVAL PROCEDURE OF T$E SPEAHER:
ü The speaker can be remo#ed from the oce after $i#in$ * da"s ad#ance notice&7urin$ this period thespeaker cannot act as the speaker&
ü 0nstead the deput" speaker acts as the Speaker&
ü 'fter * da"s if a resolution is passes b" a ma!orit" of all the then members of the assembl", thespeaker is considered to be remo#ed from the oce&
FUNCTIONS OF T$E SPEAHER:
ü The most important function of the Speaker is to maintain decenc" and decorum in the assembl"&
ü The Speaker ad!ourns the assembl" or suspends the meetin$ in the absence of /uorum&
ü The speaker decides %hether a bill is mone" bill or not and the decision of the speaker is 5nal&
DEPUTY SPEAHER:
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DEPUTY SPEAHER:
QUALIFICATIONS:
ü The deput" speaker must be a member of 'ssembl"&
ü The deput" speaker is elected from amon$st the members&
FUNCTIONS OF T$E DEPUTY SPEAHER:
ü 6e acts as the speaker in the absence of the speaker&
RESIGNATION:
ü The deput" speaker submits the resi$nation to the speaker&
LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL:
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STRENGT$: (NUMER OF MEMERS*
ü The minimum stren$th is *9&
ü The maximum stren$th is )
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ü 0t is a permanent house and sub!ected to dissolution&
ü Note: 0t ma" be abolished&
ü
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RESIGNATION:
ü 'n LC submits the resi$nation to the Chairman of thele$islati#e council&
C$AIRMAN OF LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL:
ü The chairman of the le$islati#e council m1"t /e amem/er of the le$islati#e council&
ü The chairman is elected from amon$st the members&
ü Note: This is unlike a!"a Sabha, %here the Chairmanis not a member of the a!"a Sabha&
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DEPUTY C$AIRMAN OF T$E LEGISLATIVECOUNCIL:
ü The deput" chairman m1"t /e a mem/er of thele$islati#e council&
ü The deput" chairman is elected from amon$st themembers of the council&
RESIGNATION:
ü The deput" chairman submits the resi$nation to thechairman&
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$O T$E ILLS ARE PASSED IN T$E STATELEGISLATURE
ü The bills at the state le#el are di#ided into 1 cate$ories&
N :rdinar" bills
N one" bills
ü Note: 0n case of unicameral le$islature all the bills areintroduced in the assembl", if it is passes the bill %ill befor%arded to the Ao#ernor for his assent&
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$ERE IS T$E ULTIMATE AUT$ORITY LIES
ü The ultimate po%er to pass a bill lies %ith the assembl"&
ü 0n case of dead lock there is no pro#ision of the !oint sittin$ like in Parliament&
+at i" ea o%>
ü This is a situation %here a bill is passed b" one house and re!ected b" the other&
ü :n the other hand the bill that is ori$inated in the le$islati#e council is passed andsent to the assembl", if re!ected b" the assembl" the bill is considered to be re!ectedand the bill becomes dead&
ATTORNEY GENERAL OF INDIA
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ü The 'ttorne" Aeneral is the 5rst la% ocer of the Countr"&
ü 6e is the chief ad#isor to the $o#ernment of 0ndia in all le$al matters&
ü 'rticle @) of the Constitution of 0ndia pro#ides for the oce of the'ttorne" Aeneral of 0ndia&
'PP:08T28T
ü The 'ttorne" Aeneral of 0ndia is appointed b" the President&
OH'L0I0C'T0:8S
ü Citi3en of 0ndia&
ü Ouali5ed to be appointed as a !ud$e of the Supreme Court&
T2
ü The term of oce not mentioned in the Constitution,holds the ocedurin$ the pleasure of the President&
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C$IEF MINISTER
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ü The Ao#ernor is the e?1re (nominal+ head&
ü The Chief inister is the e=a%to (real+ head&
ü The Ao#ernor is the +ea o= t+e "tate&
ü The Chief inister is the +ea o= t+e GoBernment&
APPOINTMENT:
ü The Chief inister is appointed b" the Ao#ernor&
ü :ther inisters are also appointed b" the Ao#ernoronl" on the ad#ice of the Chief inister&
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ARTICLE )7:
a& The Chief inister shall be appointed b" the Ao#ernor andother ministers shall be appointed b" the Ao#ernor on the ad#iceof the Chief inister&
b& The inisters shall hold the oce durin$ the pleasure of theAo#ernor&
c& The Council of inisters shall be collecti#el" responsible tothe state le$islati#e assembl"&
ü To uphold the democratic principles the Ao#ernor appoints theleader of the ma?orit! part! in the state le$islati#e assembl" asthe Chief inister&
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ü 0n %a"e no part! +a" t+e ma?orit! then the Ao#ernor usesthe i"%retionar! po%ers&
ü The $eneral principle is that the Ao#ernor in#ites the %oaition#ro1p to form the $o#ernment&
ü Note: 0n coalition $o#ernment there are minim1m 4 partie" in the$o#ernment&
ü 0f there is no possibilit" of the formation of the $o#ernment b"$roup of parties then the Ao#ernor in#ites the "in#e ar#e"tpart! to form the $o#ernment&
ü 0f the sin$le lar$est part" refuses to form the $o#ernment then hein#ites the second lar$est part" to form the $o#ernment&
ü I= no part! comes for%ard to form the $o#ernment then theAo#ernor recommends for the proclamation of the Pre"ient" R1e&
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ü ' person %ho is not a member of thestate le$islature can be appointed as theChief inister& 6e should become amember of either of the houses of the
state le$islature %ithin six months, failin$%hich he ceases to be the Chief inister&
ü The Chief inister ma! /e t+emem/er o= an! o= t+e t,o +o1"e" ofa state le$islature&
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OAT$ OF OFFICE:
ü The oath of oce to the Chief inister is administered b" theAo#ernor&
TERM:
ü The Chief inister holds the oce durin$ the pleasure of theAo#ernor&
RESIGNATION:
ü The Chief inister submits the resi$nation to the Ao#ernor&
REMOVAL:
ü The Chief inister is remo#ed b" the Ao#ernor&
ü The Chief inister cannot be remo#ed as lon$ as he en!o"s thema!orit" of the 6ouse& (This %as ruled b" the Supreme Court in >>*in S ;ommai V& Hnion of 0ndia case+&
SALARY:
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SALARY:
ü The salar" and other allo%ances of the Chief inister are determined b" the state le$islature&
FUNCTIONS:
ü The C is the head of the Council of inisters&
ü The C presides o#er the meetin$ of the Council of inisters&
ü The C ad#ises the Ao#ernor to appoint other inisters&
ü The C decides the allocation of the portfolios amon$ #arious the ministers&
ü Note: Port=oio mean" Mini"tr!& :ne minister can hold more than one portfolio&
ü The C reshuFes the portfolios&
ü The C ad#ices the minister to resi$n&
ü The C ad#ices Ao#ernor to accept resi$nation letter of a minister&
ü The C ad#ices the Ao#ernor to dismiss a minister in case he does not tender resi$nation lettere#en after ad#ice b" the Chief inister&
ü The Chief inister is the channel of communication bet%een the Ao#ernor and the council ofministers&
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ü The SPSC (State Public Ser#ice commission+ Chairman andmembers are appointed b" the Ao#ernor on the ad#ice of the C&
ü The SIC (State Finan%e Commi""ion+ Chairman and themembers are appointed b" the Ao#ernor on the ad#ice of the C&
ü The S2C (State Ee%tion Commi""ioner+ is appointed b" theAo#ernor on the ad#ice of the C&
ü The C is the ex-ocio chairman of the State Pannin# oar
ü The C is a member of 87C (Nationa DeBeopment Co1n%i*&
ü The C is a member of 0SC (Inter State Co1n%i*&
ü The C is a member of 80C (Nationa Inte#ration Co1n%i*&
ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA
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ü The 2lection commission is a constitutional bod" that is entrusted %ith the responsibilit" of conductin$free and fair elections in the countr"&
ü :n :ctober ), >D> for the 5rst time the President appointed 1 election commissioners&
NOTE: The t%o election commissioners %ere appointed to cope %ith increased %ork of the electioncommission on the account of lo%erin$ #otin$ a$e from 1 to D&
This %as done throu$h )st amendment act of >DD and came into force in >D>&
0n :ctober >>4 the President (7r Shankar 7a"al Sharma+ appointed t%o more electioncommissioners&Since then the election commission is a multi member bod"&
'rticle 41* 0t pro#ides the po%er of superintendence, direction and control of elections to the Parliament,state le$islatures, the oce of the President of 0ndia and the Vice president of 0ndia
Note: Pancha"ats and unicipalities elections are conducted b" the respecti#e State 2lectionCommissions&
COMPOSITION OF ELECTION
COMMISSION:
ü There is a Chief 2lection Commissioner&
ü There are some other members called election commissioners&
ü Note: The President decides the stren$th from time to time&
APPOINTMENT:
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ü The Chief 2lection Commissioner and other 2lection Commissioners are appointed b" the President of 0ndia&
Q1ai@%ation":
ü The /uali5cations of the members of the election commission are not prescribed in the constitution&
TERM OR TENURE:
ü The term and other conditions are decided b" the President after a la% is passed b" the Parliament to that eGect&
C$AIRMAN OF ELECTION COMMISSION:
ü The Chief 2lection Commissioner acts as the Chairman of the Commission %hen an" other election commissioner
is appointed&
RESIGNATION:
ü The Chief 2lection Commissioner and other 2lection Commissioners submit the resi$nation letter to thePresident&
REMOVAL OF C$IEF ELECTION COMMISSIONER:
ü The Chief 2lection Commissioner is remo#ed in the same manner like that of a !ud$e of Supreme Court&
REMOVAL OF OT$ER ELECTION COMMISSIONERS:
ü :ther 2lection Commissioners are remo#ed b" the President onl" on the recommendation of the Chief 2lectionCommissioner&
ü ;ut, the ad#ice of the Chief 2lection Commissioner is not bindin$ on the President&
FUNCTIONS OF ELECTION COMMISSION:
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ü The election commission prepare" an reBi"e" the electoral rolls (#oters List+&
ü The election Commission %ill noti=! the dates and schedules the elections&
ü The election commission "%r1tiniJe" the nomination papers&
ü The election commission re%o#niJe" the political parties&
ü The election commission aot" the election s"mbols to the political parties and
also to the independent candidates&
ü The election commission determines the %oe o= %on1%t to be obser#ed b" theparties and the candidates at the time of elections&
ü The election commission ad#ices the President in the matter relatin$ to the
dis/uali5cation of the members of Parliament& (Lok Sabha and a!"a Sabha+&
ü The election commission ad#ices the Ao#ernor of a state in the matter relatin$ tothe dis/uali5cation of the members of state Le$islature&
ü The 2lection Commission reco$ni3es the political parties as 8ational part" or
e$ional (state+ part"&
UNION PULIC SERVICE COMMISSION: (UPSC*
ü 'rticle 4. There shall be a Public Ser#ice commission for the Hnion and Public ser#ice
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ü 'rticle 4. There shall be a Public Ser#ice commission for the Hnion and Public ser#iceCommission for each state&
ü HPSC is a Constitutional bod"&
ü The HPSC conduct examinations for 'll 0ndia Ser#ices and other central ser#ices&
$AT ARE ALL INDIA SERVICES
ü These are the ser#ices recruited b" the central $o#ernment but, posted in the states andsalar" is also paid b" the states&
ü There are 4 'll 0ndia Ser#ices in 0ndia&
0'S J 0ndian 'dministrati#e Ser#ice, 0PS J 0ndian Police Ser#ice, 0IS J 0ndian Iorest Ser#ice
COMPOSITION:
ü The HPSC consists of a chairman and some other members&
APPOINTMENT
ü The Chairman and other members are appointed b" the President&
STRENGT$ (NUMER OF MEMERS*:
ü The stren$th is decided b" the President of 0ndia&
ü 0n $eneral the HPSC consists of > to members includin$ the Chairman&
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T2
ü The Chairman or other members hold oce for a term of
ü ) "ears
:
ü Hntil the" attain the a$e of ). "ears, %hiche#er is earlier&
ü 'fter completion of the term the Chairman or othermembera, are not eli$ible for reappointment in the sameposition&
2S0A8'T0:8
ü The Chairman or members submit the resi$nation to thePresident of 0ndia&
A282'L
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A282'L
ü 7 ; ';27E' The C'A is the most important ocer
under the constitution of 0ndia&
ü C'A is the head of 0ndian 'udit and 'ccounts 7epartment&
ü The C'A is the $uardian of Public purse ($o#ernmentmone"+&
ü The C'A is an a$ent of the Parliament&
ü The C'A is the =atchdo$ of the 0ndian Public Iinances&
'PP:08T28T ü The C'A is appointed b" the President&
T28H2 ü The C'A holds the oce for a period of ) "ears
:
ü Hp to the a$e of ). "ears %hiche#er is earlier&
RESIGNATION
ü The C'A submits the resi$nation letter to the President
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ü The C'A submits the resi$nation letter to the President&
REMOVAL:
ü The C'A is remo#ed b" the President of 0ndia in the same manner andsame $rounds as a !ud$e of Supreme Court&
SALARY:
ü The Salar" and other ser#ice conditions of C'A are decided b" theParliament&
AFTER RETIREMENT:
ü The C'A after retirement is not eli$ible for further oce either under the$o#ernment of 0ndia or $o#ernment of a state&
FUNCTIONS OF CAG:ü The C'A audits (#eri5es+ the accounts related to the expenditureincurred b" the Central and State $o#ernments&
ü The C'A as an a$ent of the parliament conducts the audit ofexpenditure on behalf of the Parliament&
ü The C'A is responsible onl" to the Parliament&
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SH;0SS0:8 :I 2P:T ; T62 C'A
CENTRAL GOVERNMENT REPORT:
ü The C'A submits the report relatin$ to the accounts ofthe central $o#ernment to the President of 0ndia&
ü The President places the report in the parliament&
ST'T2 A:V2828T 2P:T
ü The C'A submits the report relatin$ to the accounts ofthe state $o#ernment to the Ao#ernor of the concernedstate&
ü The Ao#ernor places the report in the State Le$islature&
Lo%a Se=-GoBernan%e
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Pan%+a!ati Ra?
•
The Pancha"ati a! S"stem is the @r"ttier or le#el of democratic $o#ernment&
• The term Pancha"ati a! in 0ndia si$ni5es
the s"stem of rural local self-$o#ernment&• 0t %as constitutionali3ed throu$h the &3r
Con"tit1tiona Amenment 'ct of>>1&
• a!asthan %as the 5rst state to set upPancha"ati a! S"stem in >.> follo%edb" 'ndhra Pradesh&
EFORE PANC$AYATI RA9:
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EFORE PANC$AYATI RA9:
ü The $o#ernment haslaunched Comm1nit! DeBeopment
Pro#ramme (CDP* in the "ear >.1&
ü The $o#ernment has
launched Nationa EKten"ionSerBi%e (NES* in the "ear >.4&
Comp1"or! ProBi"ion" =or Pan%+a!ati Ra?I tit ti
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In"tit1tion"
& :r$anisation of Aram Sabha in a #illa$e or $roup of#illa$es&
1& 2stablishment of Pancha"ats at the #illa$e, intermediateand district le#els&
4& 4) !ear" to be the minimum a$e for contestin$elections to Pancha"ats&
*& eser#ation of seats (both members and chairpersons+
for SCs and STs in Pancha"ats at all the three le#els&
.& eser#ation of one-t+ir "eat" (both members andchairpersons+ for %omen in Pancha"ats at all the three
le#els&
)& Iixin$ tenure of @Be !ear" for
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)& Iixin$ tenure of @Be !ear" forPancha"ats at all le#els and holdin$ freshelections %ithin six months in the e#ent ofsupersession of an" Pancha"at&
@& 2stablishment of a State Ee%tion
Commi""ion for conductin$ elections tothe Pancha"ats&
D& Constitution of a State Finan%eCommi""ion after e#er" 5#e "ears tore#ie% the 5nancial position of the
pancha"ats&
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• (ii* Pan%+a!at Samiti at t+e o%>
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!eBe
• The Pancha"at Samiti has man" Aram
Pancha"ats under it&• 'll the Presidents of the Pancha"ats
%ithin the ;lock are the ex ociomembers of the Pancha"at SamitisQ&
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T+ree T!pe" o=
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T+ree T!pe" o=M1ni%ipaitie":
• The act pro#ides for the constitution of thefollo%in$ three t"pes of municipalities ine#er" state
•
' na#ar pan%+a!at for a transitional area,that is, an area in transition from a ruralarea to an urban area&
• ' m1ni%ipa %o1n%i for a smaller urban
area&• ' m1ni%ipa %orporation for a lar$er
urban area&
C iti
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Compo"ition:
• 'll the members of a municipalit"shall be elected directl" b" thepeople of the municipal area& Ior this
purpose, each municipal area shallbe di#ided into territorialconstituencies to be kno%n as
,ar"&
• Re"erBation o= Seat": The act pro#ides for
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the reser#ation of seats for the scheduledcastes and the scheduled tribes in e#er"
municipalit" in proportion of their populationto the total population in the municipal area&
•
reser#ation of not less than one-third of thetotal number of seats for %omen
• D1ration o= M1ni%ipaitie": The actpro#ides for a @Be !ear term of oce fore#er" municipalit"& 6o%e#er, it can bedissol#ed before the completion of its term&
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9URISDICTION OF T$E SUPREME COURT:
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9URISDICTION OF T$E SUPREME COURT:
a* Ori#ina 91ri"i%tion:& :ri$inal Burisdiction means that certain t"pes ofcases can ori$inate %ith the Supreme Court onl"
1& The Supreme Court has ori$inal !urisdiction in
a+ 7isputes bet%een the Centre and one or morestates&
b+ 7isputes bet%een the Centre and an" state(s+ onone side and one or more states on the other side&
c+ 7isputes bet%een t%o or more states&
d+ 7isputes re$ardin$ the enforcement ofIundamental i$hts&
/* Appeate 91ri"i%tion:
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pp 9
'ppellate Burisdiction means that appealsa$ainst !ud$ements of lo%er courts can bereferred to SC as the Supreme Court is thehi$hest court of appeal in the countr"&
%* ABi"or! 91ri"i%tion:
& 'd#isor" Burisdiction refers to the process%here the President seeks the CourtQs ad#iceon le$al matters&
1& 0f the President asks for ad#ice from theSupreme Court, the Court is dut"-bound to$i#e it& 6o%e#er, it is not bindin$ on thePresident to accept the ad#ice&
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)2 rit o= $a/ea" Corp1" :
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)2 rit o= $a/ea" Corp1" :
(a+ 6abeas Corpus means "ou ma" ha#e the bod"Q&
(b+ This ensures that a prisoner can be released fromunla%ful detentionUthat is, detention lackin$sucient cause or e#idence&
42 rit o= Q1o arranto :
(a+ The meanin$ of the term Ouo =arranto is b"%hat authorit"Q&
(b+ The %rit shall be issued onl" %hen the publicoce is held b" a particular person in an ille$almanner&
(c+ 0f a person has usurped a public oce, the Courtma" direct him not to carr" out an" acti#ities in theoce or ma" announce the oce to be #acant
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• '2 rit o= Pro+i/ition :• (a+ ' %rit of prohibition is issued
primaril" to pre#ent an inferior court
from exceedin$ its !urisdiction
State P1/i% SerBi%e Commi""ion
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' state public ser#ice commission consists of a
chairman and other members appointed b" the$o#ernor of the state& ;ut the" can be remo#edonl" b" the President&
0t is an independent constitutional bod"&
The chairman and members of the commissionhold oce for a term of six "ears or until the"attain the a$e of )1 "ears, %hiche#er is earlier&
• The main function of SPSC is to conductexaminations for appointments to the ser#icesof the state&
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• The 5rst hour of a sittin$ of the 6ouse normall" allottedfor askin$ and ans%erin$ of /uestions-Q1e"tion $o1r
•
Starre an Un"tarre Q1e"tion"• ' starred /uestion is one to %hich a member desires an
oral ans%er in the 6ouse& 'ns%er to such a /uestionma" be follo%ed b" 5#e supplementar" /uestions b"other members&
• 'n unstarred /uestion is one to %hich %ritten ans%er isdesired b" the ember& 8o supplementar" /uestionscan be asked there on&
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ero $o1r: The time immediatel" follo%in$ theOuestion $o1r has come to be kno%n as Xero$o1rX& 0t starts at around 1 noon (hence the
name+ and members can, %ith prior notice to theSpeaker, raise issues of importance durin$ thistime&