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Writing in the DisciplineContent, Composition, Citation
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Content Intellectual Matter
The right ingredients in cooking up a good batch of ideas.
What to focus on, and how to enrich the substance of your work.
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Why Write? Describe
Vivid
Explain
Factual
Propose
Sound
Stimulate novel ideas.
Contribute to the body of
political science knowledge.
Aim to get published.
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Wheres the Political? Know and distinguish the
political from thecontaminants and
digressions.
Prostitution in Metro Manila.
Federalism in the Galactic
Republic.
Climate Change
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This is Arts and LettersAthena is not just a display.
Philosophy:
Science:
Be creative.
Express testable ideas.
Back-up your claims.
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Sound Discussion
Samples
Each Other
Relationships
and Support
Facts
Ideas Flow
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Composition Expressing your
reasoned thoughts.
Plating a sumptuous meal.
How to make your write-up palatable for reading.
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The Basic of Format Use 3rd person.
The author, the researcher, the writer, this student.
Use headings:
Main (standard): Introduction, Discussion, Conclusion.
Subheadings: depending on topic.
For this class:
FontTimes New Roman, Size12, Top and bottom Margins1, Right Margin1.5, Left Margin .5, AlignmentJustified,Spacingdouble.
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Reader Cues Title
Headings
General Topic/Locational Partitions
Introduction attractive, give preliminary information
Body Descriptive, Argumentative, Evaluative, Analytical
Conclusion Answers the main question, summarizes main points.
Specific Topic Partitions
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Democracy and Absolute
Authoritarianism in France
Introduction
The splendor of the Sun Kings radiance was was
magnified by the grandeur of a Palace in Versailles
..........
Discussion
Regime of the House of Bourbon
The height of absolutism in France was during the
reign of
The Birth of Democracy in France
The gap between peasants and nobility was clearlyvisible in
Conclusion
Based on data discussed above
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Your Voice Discuss the content.
Tell the story, describe or explain the phenomenon, propose and
defend your arguments.
Use reputable and relevant sources.
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Be a storyteller When writing your paper:
Remember the tautology that YOU are the WRITER.
You are not a nobody who is just stitching together a bunch of
information.
Whether it is qualitative or quantitative, your discussion
narrates a particular THESIS.
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Thesis A thesis is the point that you want the reader to know.
It is usually in the form of a proposed argument that can be
tested.
Included within the paper are the proofs that back up yourthesis.
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Quoting sources Direct statements:
You directly quote thesource.
Maximum of 3 lines of text.
Must be sourced in the
discussion.
In Siguente (2005) quoted
Louis XIV said: I am thestate.
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Quoting sources Reported Statements:
You are conveying the ideaas verbatim as possible.
Maximum of 3 lines of text.
Must be parentheticallysourced.
General McArthur said that
he will return (Agoncillo
2013).
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What if Direct or Reported
Statement is too long? Maximum of 5 lines of text
may be allowed.
The complete text must bemade into a separate blockparagraph.
Then hanged within the text.
Spacing is also reduced tosingle for this paragraph.
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Paraphrasing Paraphrased statements:
Use your own words.
The idea of the source must be preserved.
Word count may exceed the original.
Best in maintaining professionalism.
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Original Paraphrase
Paraphrasing
For the first half of the 20th
century, Americans
perceived China as an
angel and Japan as a devil.
For the second half, theseimages were reversed in
American consciousness
(Overholt, 2008).
According to Overholt(2008), China had an imageamong Americans as a anangel in internationalrelations, while Japan wasconsidered a devil. This wasduring the first half of the1900s though, because onthe second half, the way thatAmericans viewed bothcountries were switched.
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Original Paraphrase
Paraphrasing
The thesis of cosmic war
rests upon the terrorists
perception that God is
judging their actions and
will provide the subsequentRewards (Juergensmeyer,
2000).
From (Flint, 2006)
Flint (2006) attributes to
Juergensmeyer (2000) that
the principle of cosmic
war is founded on the
belief by terrorists that Godis watching everyones
actions, andf that they will
reap rewards based on
what they do.
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Original Paraphrase
Paraphrasing
The thesis of cosmic war
rests upon the terrorists
perception that God is
judging their actions and
will provide the subsequentRewards (Juergensmeyer,
2000).
From (Flint, 2006)
Juergensmeyer (2000)
explained that the principle
of cosmic war is founded
on the belief by terrorists
that God is watchingeveryones actions, andf
that they will reap rewards
based on what they do
(Flint, 2006).
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Paraphrasing
Modelskis model of world leadership is a historically based
theory, founded upon his interest in naval history. Power, for
Modelski, is a function of global reachthe ability to
influence events across the world. In history, such power has
required control of the oceans (Flint, 2006).
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Citation Documenting your
sources of information.
How did you come up with the recipe?
Giving due credit where it is due.
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Always keep a record of: Name/s of authors.
Some books have differentauthors per chapter..
Name/s of editors.
Name of publisher.
Name of translator.
Place of publication.
Edition number.
Volume number.
Issue number.
URL/s
Date of publication or onlinecopyright.
Date when you went online.
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Standard Format Use hanging indention.
May be single or double
spaced (for this class).
Use Chicago or APA.
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