Plant kingdom Plant kingdom diversitydiversity
Plant groupsPlant groups
Bryophytes (seedless, non-vascular)Bryophytes (seedless, non-vascular)
Seedless vascular plantsSeedless vascular plants
GymnospermsGymnosperms
AngiospermsAngiosperms
CladogramCladogram
Bryophytes
Green algae
Seedless vascular plants
Gymnosperms Angiosperms
Evolution of specialized cells / tissue
Evolution of cuticle
BryophytesBryophytes
think mossthink moss
BryophytesBryophytes
SmallSmall
Found only in damp, moist areas on landFound only in damp, moist areas on land
1) Leaves must touch water for photosynthesis1) Leaves must touch water for photosynthesis
2) Sperm swims through water to reach egg 2) Sperm swims through water to reach egg in gametophytein gametophyte
BryophytesBryophytes
gametophyte
sporophyte
Alternation of Alternation of generationsgenerations
Multicellular diploid organism
(2n)
Unicellular haploid cells
(n)
meiosis
Unicellular diploid zygote
(2n)
mitosis
(spores)
Multicellularhaploid organism
(n)
mitosis
Unicellularhaploid gametes
(n)
fertilization
sporophyte
gametophytemitosis
CladogramCladogram
Bryophytes
Green algae
Seedless vascular plants
Gymnosperms Angiosperms
Evolution of specialized cells / tissue
Evolution of cuticle
Evolution of vascular tissue
Vascular tissueVascular tissue
Set of tubes that transport materials Set of tubes that transport materials around plantaround plant
Allows plants to grow tallerAllows plants to grow taller
Water travels up through xylemWater travels up through xylem
Sugar travels throughout in phloemSugar travels throughout in phloem
Seedless vascular plantsSeedless vascular plants
Think fernsThink ferns
Ferns live further on landFerns live further on land
Still must be in moist areasStill must be in moist areas
Sporophyte survives fine with vascular Sporophyte survives fine with vascular tissuetissue
But sperm must still swim to egg in tiny But sperm must still swim to egg in tiny gametophytegametophyte
Fern gametophyteFern gametophyte
CladogramCladogram
Bryophytes
Green algae
Seedless vascular plants
Gymnosperms Angiosperms
Evolution of specialized cells / tissue
Evolution of cuticle
Evolution of vascular tissue
Evolution of pollen grains / seeds
Pollen grainsPollen grains
Hard covering around sperm, light weight Hard covering around sperm, light weight allows travel by windallows travel by wind
Removes water requirement for Removes water requirement for fertilizationfertilization
Sperm still swimsSperm still swims
At the very end when At the very end when pollen lands on pollen lands on another plant of another plant of same speciessame species
Pollen tube connects Pollen tube connects to ovary, sperm swim to ovary, sperm swim to eggto egg
Full colonization of landFull colonization of land
Vascular tissueVascular tissue
++
Reproduction through airReproduction through air
SeedsSeeds
Tough coat protects newly fertilized Tough coat protects newly fertilized embryoembryo
Also contains supply of food (endosperm) Also contains supply of food (endosperm) to survive during dormancy periodto survive during dormancy period
GymnospermsGymnosperms
Think cones (any conifer like pine trees)Think cones (any conifer like pine trees)
female ovary
male pollen cone
Gymnosperm pollen Gymnosperm pollen strategystrategy
Release a lot, hope some pollinateRelease a lot, hope some pollinate
(Meanwhile, irritating everyone else)(Meanwhile, irritating everyone else)
CladogramCladogram
Bryophytes
Green algae
Seedless vascular plants
Gymnosperms Angiosperms
Evolution of specialized cells / tissue
Evolution of cuticle
Evolution of vascular tissue
Evolution of pollen grains / seeds
Evolution of flowers / fruits
AngiospermsAngiosperms
Think flowers (most diverse plant group)Think flowers (most diverse plant group)
FlowersFlowers
Attract animals to help carry pollen to the next Attract animals to help carry pollen to the next flowerflower
Color or scent attractors guide animals to Color or scent attractors guide animals to obtain sugar from plantobtain sugar from plant
Oh, and while you’re at it, grab some pollenOh, and while you’re at it, grab some pollen
Some angiosperms still wind pollinate (grass)Some angiosperms still wind pollinate (grass)
Advertising in UV colorAdvertising in UV color
After fertilization, ovary After fertilization, ovary becomes fruitbecomes fruit
FruitFruit
Typically collects sugar to attract animalsTypically collects sugar to attract animals
Seeds survive animal digestive system, Seeds survive animal digestive system, pooped out far away from parent (and pooped out far away from parent (and with free fertilizer!)with free fertilizer!)
Some are not eaten by animals, just help Some are not eaten by animals, just help wind carry seed (dandelion)wind carry seed (dandelion)
Asexual reproductionAsexual reproduction
Plants can also reproduce asexuallyPlants can also reproduce asexually
Many plant parts can regrow to make a Many plant parts can regrow to make a whole new organism when separated whole new organism when separated (vegetative reproduction)(vegetative reproduction)
CladogramCladogram
Bryophytes
Green algae
Seedless vascular plants
Gymnosperms Angiosperms
Evolution of specialized cells / tissue
Evolution of cuticle
Evolution of vascular tissue
Evolution of pollen grains / seeds
Evolution of flowers / fruits
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