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Plagiarism how to avoid itCitation how to do it
UCD Library
Ursula Byrne additional material Sally Corcoran
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Overview What is plagiarism? Why is it serious? Some recent examples
What is common knowledge Why and how does plagiarism happen An example of plagiarism How to avoid plagiarism
Paraphrasing Vs quotations Referencing within a text Citing secondary sources
Self plagiarism Detecting plagiarism
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Plagiarism
UCD Plagiarism Statement
Plagiarism is a form of academic dishonesty, whereideas are presented falsely, either implicitly orexplicitly as being the original thought of theauthor
http://www.ucd.ie/registry/academicpolicy/plag_pol_proc.pdf
Taking someone else's ideas and passing themoff as your own
Source: Websters 20 th Century Unabridged Dictionary
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Why is plagiarism serious?
It undermines the reputation of the university and
puts question marks over the quality of the researchbeing undertaken there.
It is taken very seriously by the academic communityand can lead to dismissal.
Knowledge creation needs to have some certainty inthe field so that new knowledge can be clearlyacknowledged.
Writing up and communicating research clearly is akey skill.
Professional ethics in all fields demand honest research
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What has Leinster House to do withplagiarism?
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Plagiarism can still make headlines
Oh my word, I didn't nick Joan's finance speech,says Dail rookie
BY SENAN MOLONY DEPUTY POLITICAL EDITOR WEDNESDAY FEBRUARY 20 2008
A NEW TD HAS DENIED PINCHING WHOLE PASSAGES
OF ANOTHER TD'S SPEECH TO READ INTO THE DAILRECORD AS IF IT WERE HIS OWN.
FINE GAEL TD TERENCE FLANAGAN WAS APPARENTLY SO IMPRESSED WITH THE CONTRIBUTION OF LABOUR PARTY SPOKESWOMAN
JOAN BURTON ON THE FINANCE BILL THAT HE REGURGITATED IT IN HIS OWN SPEECH. (sourceIrish Independent )
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Church tackles plague of 'pastoralplagiarists'
KATE CONNOLLY in Berlin Irish Times Sat, Apr 26, 2008
POLAND'S Catholic priests have been told by churchauthorities that they may be fined if they are discovered tohave plagiarised their sermons from the internet, and couldface three years in prison.
A book on writing sermons has been produced to help withthe problem.
The problem also exists in other parts of the world,
particularly in Britain and the US, where it is called "pastoralplagiarism"
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TV psychiatrist is suspended for bookplagiarism
The General Medical Council suspended the celebritypsychiatrist Raj Persaud for three months. He hadbrought the profession into disrepute after he admittedpassing other scholars work off as his own.
One of those plagiarised checked Persaud s book againstthe Internet and found his own work cut and pasted intothe book.
Dr Persaud was a regular on TV and radio. I thought Iwas adequately attributing work as he had obtained
permission to quote and had them listed inacknowledgements. (Source: The Times Sat 21/6/2008
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Common knowledge
Definition: Facts generally known by a largenumber of people
Common knowledge does not have to be cited e.g.Second World War 1939-1945
i.e. you dont have to cite your source for this information
You must cite a source when: When the idea/thought comes from another source,
Or when an author interprets the thoughts/ideas from
another (secondary source)
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Why does plagiarism happen?
Unintentional Plagiarism Poor study skills
Poor time management
Cant find theinformation
Poor citation skills
Ignorance aboutplagiarism
Intentional Plagiarism Pressure for good grades
Left work to last minute =
time pressure Dishonest
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Example of original materialwww.uOttawa.ca/plagiarism
Over time technology has been instrumental in
increasing industrial and agricultural production,improving transportation and communications,advancing human health care and overallimproving many aspects of human life. *
*Pimental, David, Population Growth and the
Environment :Planetary Stewardship, ElectronicGreen Journal No 9 December 1998. Online.Internet . [June 22 1999]www.http://egj.lib.uidaho.edu/egj09/piment1.html
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Plagiarism an example continuedwww.uOttawa.ca/plagiarism Is this plagiarism?
Research has shown that over time technology has beeninstrumental in increasing industrial and agriculturalproduction, improving transportation and communications,advancing human health care and overall improving manyaspects of human life.
Problem This is pure plagiarism as no quotations and identical text No source cited for this information
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Plagiarism example continuedwww.uOttawa.ca/plagiarism Is this plagiarism?
Research has shown that over time technology hasbeen instrumental in increasing industrial andagricultural production, improving transportation andcommunications, advancing human health care and
overall improving many aspects of human life.(Pimental, 1998)
Problem
Still plagiarism as no quotations and authors words
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In his article on the effects of population growth on theenvironment, Pimental argues that technology has beeninstrumental in increasing industrial and agriculturalproduction, improving transportation and communications,advancing human health care and overall improving manyaspects of human life.(1998)
Acceptable as the author acknowledged. As from theInternet no page numbers with this citation style asrequired for a book or journal
Acceptable use and avoiding plagiarismwww.uOttawa.ca/plagiarism
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According to Pimental technology has beeninstrumental in increasing industrial and agriculturalproduction, improving transportation andcommunications, advancing human health care andoverall improving many aspects of human life. (1998).
Quotations have been used and paraphrasing withacknowledgement so acceptable usage
Acceptable use and avoiding plagiarismwww.uOttawa.ca/plagiarism
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According to Pimental (1998) technology hasgreatly improved our standard of living.
Paraphrasing with acknowledgement so acceptableusage
Acceptable use and avoiding plagiarismwww.uOttawa.ca/plagiarism
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Paraphrasing: if in doubt,cite
Incorrect phrasing Occurs when only a couple of phrases are changed, and
sentences rearranged When the source of information and ideas are not
acknowledgedCorrect phrasing
Occurs when the writer puts the ideas into his own words Full acknowledgment for the ideas is given
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Expressing your views: reporting verbs
positive negative neutral
argues define observes states
demonstrate identifies hypothesise shows
explains proposes concludes identifies
finds claims notes suggests
indicates describes reports
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Quotations when to use
When the exact words are relevant to your argument
When something is expressed in an uniqueway
When rewriting would cause loss of impact
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Short quotation Use inverted commas for any phrase of
statement that is someone elses exact words
Always cite the author and page number whenusing quotations
Check which referencing style your School usese.g. Harvard
Be consistent. Once you choose a method stick toit
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Long quotations
Long quotations occur very rarely inessays/assignments. When used
They should not represent a large proportion of thetotal work.
They must be clearly distinguished from the rest of thetext, in a way that clearly shows that it is a quotation
For more than 2 lines of text, use indentation to showthe extent of the quotation
Always give the exact source of your information
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Referencing within the text Within the text, insert a footnote marker after the
full stop at the end of the sentence or after theword or phrase to which it relates.
At the bottom of the page, note the footnote numberand give the full citation.
Number your footnotes continuously through yourdocument, starting at 1.
Readers can check this in a reference list(bibliography) at the end of your work
The bibliography contains the full publication details
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T LeClerq Failure to Teach: Due Process and Law SchoolPlagiarism [1999] (49) Journal of Legal Education < http://www.heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/
jled49&id=5&collection=journals&index => accessed 2February 2006 Any assumption that students understand the concepts of
plagiarism, on arrival at university, is wrong. Students donot know what plagiarism is, and they are increasingly guiltyof it. Few students enter university with a clearunderstanding of paraphrasing and its limitations, eventhough college writers should know that unacknowledgedparaphrasing "frequently leads to unintentionalplagiarism.13
13. Michael T. O'Neill, Plagiarism: (I) Writing Responsibly,ABCA Bull., June 1980, at 34.
http://www.heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/jled49&id=5&collection=journals&indexhttp://www.heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/jled49&id=5&collection=journals&indexhttp://www.heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/jled49&id=5&collection=journals&indexhttp://www.heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/jled49&id=5&collection=journals&index7/30/2019 Plagiarism 2008 Harvard
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Primary source = when an author presents theirown workSecondary source = when somebody reports on, orinterprets, a piece of work by another author
Cite a secondary source like this:Skinner (1986, as cited in Bjork, 1994) arguedthat..
NOTE In the bibliography you only include the Bjork book, not
the Skinner article. Why? Because you didnt read the original text
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Primary source
'Accused has no future in this country when histime is served
Mr. Justice Paul Carney delivering his annualaddress to the Law Society at University College
Cork on Wednesday, October 10th, 2007
P Carney Accused has no future in this country when histime is served The Irish Times (Dublin 11 October 2007)
16
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Secondary source
Justice Carney intervention is ill -judged andinaccurate
Tom Cooney, UCD School of Law
T Cooney Justice Carney intervention is ill -judged andinaccurate The Irish Times (Dublin 12 October 2007) 18
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Citing an electronic article
Electronic article Author's last name, First andSecond Initial. (Year) Article title. Journal title [Internet], Date of publication,Volume(issue),page numbers. Available from: [Accessed date].
Example: Hawke, J. L. et al, Genetic influences onreading difficulties in boys and girls: the Coloradotwin study (2006). Dyslexia. [Internet]. Availablefrom: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/112098736/PDFSTART [Accessed 10
February 2006].
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Citing a journal article
Author's last name, First and Second Initial. (Year)'Article title'. Journal title , Volumenumber (Part):page numbers.
Example: Tovey, H. (2002) 'Risk, Morality, and the
Sociology of Animals - Reflections of the Foot andMouth Outbreak in Ireland'. Irish Journal of Sociology , 11 (1):23-42.
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Citing a Website
Website name. (Year) Website [Internet] .Place of publication, Publisher if ascertainable. Availablefrom: [Accessed Date]
Example: International Tourism Partnership(2004) International Tourism Partnership (ITP)[Internet] London, ITP Availablefrom: [Accessed 8 February 2006]
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How can the Library help? Advice how to identify, navigate, access, locate and use information
effectively and appropriately
Explain the difference between information in books, peer reviewed journals and the Internet
Advice how to search databases and the internet effectively
Explain plagiarism and its implication Explain the difference between common knowledge andknowledge that must be cited
Explain how to reference sources particularly electronic resources
Provide information and training on referencing software - EndNote
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Student Practice Session Exercise to Re-enforce Learning
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Where to Get More InformationUCD Library website
A-Z list P for Plagiarism
Student Portal for Citation
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