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PEST AND DISEASE
MANAGEMENT IN GUAVA
By
Nagendra Singh Ranawat
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INTRODUCTIONGuava is hardy, aggressive, and a perennial tree that has recently become a cultivated
crop of subtropical regions.
It is scientificallyPsidium guajava and belongs to the family Myrtaceae.
Guava trees are seriously damaged by the citrus flat mite.
The guava tree is attacked by 80 insect species, including 3 bark-eating caterpillars
and the guava scale in India, but this and other scale insects are generally kept under
control by their natural enemies.
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Some important pests and diseases
Pests
Tea mosquito bug
Aphids
Mealy bugs
Fruit fly
Guava shoot borer
Guava weevil
Thrips, etc.
Diseases
Wilt
Red rust
Anthracnose
Canker
Phytophthorafruit rot
Dry rot
Damping off
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Wilt:
Fusar ium oxyspo rum f.sp . ps id i iSymptoms1. Yellowing of leaves
2. Drowsiness with yellow to
reddish discoloration3. Bare and dry twigs
4. Hard, underdeveloped, stony
fruits
5. Entire plant defoliated and dead
within 15 days from full wilting
upto 1 year in some cases
Management1. Cultural method- clean
cultivation i.e., uproot wilted
tree, timely and adequate
manuring
2. Chemical method- injection of
0.1% water soluble 8 quinolinol
sulphate. It provide protection
for 1 year in disease affected
area.
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Other wilt causing agents areRhizactonia bataticola
Macrophomina phaseolinaFusarium solani
Gloeosporium psidii
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Anthracnose:
Colletot r ichum ps id i i
SymptomsPinhead spots on unripe fruits
that are dark brown in color,
sunken, circular.
Creamy spore masses in moist
weather.
Unripe fruit become corky and
harder and develops cracks.
Leaves have necrotic lesions on
the margin and tip
Management Resistant variety like apple guava are
used In affected area.
Sprays of Bordeaux mixture at 7 day
interval COC and cuprous oxide are also
significant in controlling the disease
Monthly spray of Difolatan(0.3%)
closely followed by Dithane Z-
78(0.2%) is effective
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Canker:
Pestalon ia ps idi i
Symptoms1. Occur on green fruits
Appearance of minute , circular ,
necrotic area with elevated margins.
2. Fruits underdeveloped, become
hard, malformed and mummified and
drop in large numbers
Management1% Bordeaux mixture or lime sulphur
at 15 day interval.
Use of canker resistant cultivar like
Safeda and Apple colour.
Leaf extracts of Neem and Tulsi
(Azadirachta indica and Ocimum
sanctum respectively) inhibit spore
germination.
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Guava rust:
Puccin ia psid i i
symptoms The pathogen can affect foliage,
young shoots, inflorescences and
fruit of guava.
Typical symptoms associated with
this disease include distortion,
defoliation, reduced growth and if
severe, mortality.
On fully expanded leaves, darkbordered, roughly circular brown
lesions with yellow halos develop
Management Control of guava rust is based on the
use of fungicides.
Scouting fields for onset of disease or
during the times of year when
environmental conditions are
favorable for pathogen infection are
recommended so that proper and
timely fungicide applications can bemade.
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Guava rust
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. Algal leaf spot:
Cephaleuro s virescens
Symptoms Disease symptoms are exhibited on both
abaxial and adaxial leaf surfaces as
orange, rust-colored, dense silky tufts
ranging from 5 to 8 mm in diameter. Upon scraping away these spots, a thin,
grayish white to dark-colored, necrotic
crust remains on the leaf.
Management Algal leaf spot can be reduced by
maintaining tree vigor with cultural
techniques such as proper fertilization
and irrigation, proper pruning toenhance air circulation within the
canopy and sunlight penetration,
managing weeds and wider tree spacing.
Managing insect, mite and other foliar
diseases increases tree vigor and lessenssusceptibility to this disease.
Spray Copper oxychloride 0.25%.
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Leaf spot symptoms
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Damping off:
Rhizoc t in ia so lan i Pre emergence
infected seeds
and seedlings show soaked
discoloration
Post emergence
hypocotyl isdiscolored into yellowish to brown
and later turn soft and constricted.
Such seedlings ultimately toople
over and die
Management Seedling treated with Bavistin @
3g/Kg seed controls the disease
quite effectively
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Tea mosquito bug
Control
1. Spray Endosulfan 35 EC at the
rate of 2 ml/lit or alathion 50 EC
at the rate of 1 ml/lit or
Monocrotophos 36 WSC @
2ml/lit or neem oil 3 %.
2. Spraying should be done in
early mornings or late evenings,
at least four times at 21 days
interval during fruiting season.
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Aphids
Control
Spray Monocrotophos 36 WSC @
1ml/lit or Dimethoate 30 EC @ 2
ml/lit to control aphids.
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Mealy bugs
Control
1. The mealy bugs can be
controlled by spraying
Triazophos @ 2ml/lit + neem oil
5 ml or phosalone 0.05% + neem
oil 5 ml.
2. Release of Cryptolaemus
montrouzieribeetles (Coccinellid
beetles) @ 10 beetles /tree is also
recommended.
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Fruit fly
Control
1.Remove the fallen fruits and bury them deeply
with Lindane 1.3% dusted over them.
2.Spray Endosulfan 35 EC or Malathion 50 EC
@ 1 ml/lit four times at 15 days interval.
3.Stir the soil around the tree during pestincidence and dust Lindane 1.3%.
4. Use polythene bags fish meal trap with 5 gm
of wet fish meal + 1 ml. dichlorvos in cotton.
5. 50 traps are required/ha, fish meal and
Dichlorvos soaked cotton are to be renewedonce in 20 and 7 days respectively.
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