Period 3: Regional and Trans regional Interactions 600 CE-1450Turn in Islam chart, keep women in Islamic societies out on your desk
Post Classical period
Collapse of old empires, rise of city-states in Africa, Mesoamerica, Southeast Asia
Massive wars of conquest Creating the Islamic world Mongol Empire
Trade Routes Africa and the Americas remained separate Merchandise, ideas and culture spread between and
connected the rest of the world
Systems of labor Cities as the center of society (culture,
language, trade, religion)
Islamic Caliphates Abbasids: Established their capital in
Baghdad (Iraq) differed from Umayyad in that they granted equal status to converts to Islam Increased trade from the Western Med. World
to china Math: Refined fields of algebra, geometry,
trigonometry Study of astronomy Created detailed maps of the world
Expansion of Empires-China Tang (618-907)
Generally characterized by trade and agriculture Controlled their empire through the use of
diplomatic relations and the Great Wall Continued use of the Civil Service exam Government emphasized Confucianism, but
Buddhism grew in popularity Tang gov’t limited the power of Buddhism by
putting restrictions on land and money grants Decline:
Internal rebellion Invasions by nomadic people
Song Dynasty (960-1279) Emphasized Chinese tradition namely patriarchal
family and Confucian teachings Significant technological advances Forced to pay tribute (bribes) to the Khitan, a
nomadic group located in northern China Heavy emphasis on civil service exams Neo-Confucianism: a blend of Confucian and
Buddhist ideas and values Applied Confucian respect for authority and family to all
aspects of chinese society This way, Buddhism complemented the government instead
of posing a threat
Achievements Tang
Increased contacts with the Islamic world
Improved ocean going ships-Chinese junks were among the worlds best ships
Use of flying money (letters of credit) to facilitate long distance trade
Canals and irrigation systems increased agricultural productivity
Song Continued overseas
trade Landscape paintings Warfare
advancements: Catapults, flame throwers and rocket launchers
Printing with moveable type
Use of the compass Abacus Foot binding started
with wealthy, spread to the lower classes
Manorialism and feudalism Labor and societal structure
Feudalism: political and social order of medieval Europe, a method of maintaining control of a society.
Serfs: people who were not slaves, yet not fully free. Produced the labor in this system. Worked the land in exchange for protection
Manor: main form of agricultural organization. Included land, crops, animals, tools and serfs. The lord acted as the government.
Middle Ages in Europe 11th-15th Centuries Gothic Architecture Increased urbanization-Europe in
general had smaller cities than China Rise of universities Decline in serfs on the manor; many fled
to towns to earn freedom Centralized monarchies and growth of
nation states New warfare (gunpowder, cannons)
made castles obsolete
Mongols Began as nomads on the Asian steppes
(grasslands in Northern China) Migrated with herds of sheep, horses, cattle,
goats and camels Grew small crops, but mostly depended on
animal products Traded with other nomadic groups and along the
silk roads Nomadic women in Asia
Had status and autonomy Raised to complete all chores, military service Could own property and divorce Polygamy was normal within the clans
Mongol Empires 1167-Temujin was born; allied himself with
powerful clans. Used steppe diplomacy to unite the Mongols under a single confederation
Became known as Chingghis Khan First attacked other nomadic groups in Asia but
soon moved on to China and Persia 1220-conquered most of Northern China Persia-ruling shah attacked Mongol
ambassadors; The Mongols retaliated by destroying their irrigation systems and destroying cities
Decline of Mongol Rule
Mid 14th century Mongol role weakened as they were more concerned with acquisition of territory and wealth than ruling effectively
The last years of the Yuan Dynasty were characterized by banditry, famine and peasant rebellion
Russia: failed attempts to conquer Eastern Europe in 1240; Mongols withdrew to their capital in Mongolia
Persia: rule ended in 1260; defeated by slaves of Egypt
Impact Russia
Remained culturally isolated from Europe developments such as the Renaissance
Persia Ottoman Turks replaced Mongols as ruling
power in the 15th century Eurasia
Facilitation of trade between Europe and Asia Mongols fostered peace and stability
promoted the exchange of products and ideas New trading posts encouraged people to
invest in long distance exploration Spread of the plague
Bantu Migrations Began in 2000 BCE-likely due to
overpopulation; moved south and east through sub-Saharan Africa
Migrated from present day Nigeria; escalated between 500 BCE-1000; up until 1500
Spread knowledge of agriculture techniques and iron working, adopted cattle raising
Banana arrived in 400 CE from Malay sailors (Indian Ocean trade)
Results: Spread of Bantu language, language blended with Islam to create Swahili
Bantu Society and Government Stateless societies
Political organization based around the family and kinship group
Leader was a respected family member Religion was animistic
Earliest Bantu groups did not have a written language
Society centered around the age grade- group of members of the same age who shared responsibilities appropriate to age group
Women: highly respected as child-bearers; shared in agricultural duties
Property was held in common; wealth was determined by acquisition of slaves
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