Pathophysiology of Depression
Raga Manduaru1061050135
Patofisiologi
1. neurotransmitter availability
2. receptor regulation and sensitivity
Gangguan afek/mood
Perubahan biologis CNSstressor
Perubahan biologis CNS
Neurotransmiters yang berperan :1. serotonin (5-HT) (as an important factor)2. norepinephrine (NE)3. dopamine (DA)4. glutamate5. brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)
Dunlop BW, Nemeroff CB. The role of dopamine in the pathophysiology of depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. Mar 2007;64(3):327-37.
Dalam studi Sacher J, et.al tahun 2011:“Hasil gambaran positron emission tomographic
(PET) menunjukkan bahwa secara abnormal berkurangnya aktivitas pada area korteks prefrontal pada pasien unipolar depresi”
Sacher J, Neumann J, Fünfstück T, Soliman A, Villringer A, Schroeter ML. Mapping the depressed brain: A meta-analysis of structural and functional
alterations in major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord. Sep 2 2011
Journal of Pharmacology Volume 626, Issue 1, 10 January 2010, Pages 64–71. Cognition Disturbances in Psychiatry: Neurobiology and Treatment (In memory of David de Wied)
A meta-analysis comparing brain structures in patients with major
depression, in healthy controls, and in patients with
bipolar disorder demonstrated associations between depression and
increased lateral ventricle size, larger cerebrospinal fluid volume, and smaller
volumes of the basal ganglia, thalamus, hippocampus, frontal lobe,
orbitofrontal cortex, and gyrus rectus. Patients experiencing a depressive episode
had smaller hippocampal volume
Kempton MJ, Salvador Z, Munafò MR, Geddes JR, Simmons A, Frangou S, et al. Structural neuroimaging studies in major depressive disorder. Meta-analysis and comparison with bipolar disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. Jul
2011;68(7):675-90.