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Ocean passage
Voyage Planning
Planning the safe & economical passagebetween two places
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Example Ocean Passage
From Oceean Quay, Southampton
To New York, via Nab Tower.
ETD 1600 9thJanuary 2012
Principles are the same regardless ofsize or type of craft
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Voyage Planning In all cases, the plan will cover from berth
to berthand apply to anytypes of vessel.
For your practical Navigation you
will only do detailed plans of; Exit and/or entry
Southampton
Portsmouth Warsash
Cowes
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Advantages of Voyage Planning
Margins of safety are considered vertical (depth) & horizontal (distance)
Critical sections of the voyage areidentified Important information will not be missed Navigation marks and systems identified
Watchkeeping duties are planned to ensureadequate rest
Contingency plans can be drawn up
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Preliminary researchBefore conducting detailed planning
Monthly routeing charts see UKHO site
UKHO Navigational charts UKHO site
Ocean passages for the world
Distance Tables (Sea rates site)
Admiralty Sailing directions (UKHO pubssite)
Outline ETD,ETA
Environmental briefing document
http://www.ukho.gov.uk/ProductsandServices/PaperCharts/Pages/Home.aspxhttp://www.ukho.gov.uk/ProductsandServices/PaperPublications/Pages/NauticalPubs.aspxhttp://www.searates.com/reference/portdistance/http://www.ukho.gov.uk/ProductsandServices/PaperPublications/Pages/NauticalPubs.aspxhttp://www.ukho.gov.uk/ProductsandServices/PaperPublications/Pages/NauticalPubs.aspxhttp://www.ukho.gov.uk/ProductsandServices/PaperPublications/Pages/NauticalPubs.aspxhttp://www.ukho.gov.uk/ProductsandServices/PaperPublications/Pages/NauticalPubs.aspxhttp://www.searates.com/reference/portdistance/http://www.ukho.gov.uk/ProductsandServices/PaperPublications/Pages/NauticalPubs.aspxhttp://www.ukho.gov.uk/ProductsandServices/PaperCharts/Pages/Home.aspx8/13/2019 Passage Plan 3
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There are 4 stages in voyageplanning
1. Appraisal: collecting information
2. Planning: planning voyage from berth toberth
3. Execution: update plan beforedeparture
4. Monitoring: making sure ship keeps to theplan
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1. Appraisal Checklist
Great Circle or Rhumbline routes
TSS and shipping lanes, traffic, fishing vessels
ETD,ETA and speed of advance (SOA) Meteorology Climate/weather
Limitations of ship, eg loadline changes
Limiting danger lines (LDL or no go lines) Time zones
Availability of navaids
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Detailed planning
Routes with alternatives, with LDL andcourses.
Distances to run
ETD,ETA planned noon and midnightpositions
SOA and any changes
Predicted currents
Known meteorologiccal data (fog,ice etc)
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Detailed brief before the passage
Use the small scale chart(covers a largearea)
Plus any large scale charts to explaincritical phases
These may be ECDIS
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Full navigational information
LDL,
Tracks
Distance to run Heights of tide, under keel clearance
(UKC)
Parallel indices (PI)/Clearing lines Predicted tidal stream
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Full navigational informationContinued
ETDs ETAs
Bubble times
Arrival gates Pilot boarding points/time
Reporting points
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Appraisal (contd.)
Correct charts are available and up to date
Sailing Directions, Light Lists, etc. available
Latest Notices to Mariners received Tides, currents, weather information
Ships routeing and traffic volume expected
Port and pilot information Any special requirements for the ship
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2. Planning
On the basis of the appraisal, adetailed voyage plan is prepared
from berth to berth (even when apilot is on board)
drawn on the chart(s)
written in a bridge notebook
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Planning (contd)
On the chart [with summary in bridgenotebook] tracks and courses to steer, where to alter
course/speed highlight danger areas wrecks, shallows, etc identify electronic aids to navigation that can be
used Identify good position fixing objects, e.g.
lights, transits, clearing bearings, radar/visual objects
where the tide is critical, e.g height, or rate alternative contingency plans
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3. Execution
When departure time is known,consider:
ETA at critical points in the plan the weather forecast traffic conditions night or daylight passage
i.e. does anything need to bechanged?
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4. Monitoring
Monitor position along planned tracksby frequent fixing of position, incl.
echo sounder Record key positions & alterations in
the bridge logbook
Check reliability of all navigationequipment at regular intervals
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Note
The extent to which a vessel can keep to theplanned track will depend on the type & speed ofthe vessel:
A sailing vessel or slow power boat tends to benavigated towardsthe destination, as they aremuch affected by wind & tide and cannot keepexactly to the planned track
A higher powered vessel is less affected bywind & tide and is therefore able to benavigated tothe destination closer to theplanned track
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EXTRACTS FROM BRIDGE NOTEBOOK (38,000 tonne tanker, LOA 200m)
FROM: North Sea TO: Risavika, Norway DISTANCE:
ETD: ETA: DRAFT: 10.3m WEATHER: Wly gale F 8, gusting F 9
SPEED: Full (sea) 15.5 kn TIDE:
Full (man.) 11.6 kn
Half 7.8 kn
Slow 5.8 kn
D Slow 3.9 kn
WAYPOINT TRACK DISTANCE DTG SPEED UKC
(min.)
NOTES
(Nav. aids, lights, tides, dangers, conspic.
marks, traffic, pilot, tugs, regulations,
messages, charts, contingency plans, etc) 018
oT Half Chart 5119
Call pilot on VHF ch 11
Kolnesholmane lt ho brg
108oT 3.0c
357oT 2.5 5.9 Slow 14m Change to plan: Approaches to Risavika
Keep in W sector of Oksafotskjeret lt Fl
WRG 5sec
Embark pilot E side of Rott I
W/o Tananger lt ho
084oT 1.35M
096oT 1.1 3.4 D Slow 13m Keep in W sector of Tananger lt Gp Occ
(3) WRG
Danger - depth 1150.5c to stbd.
Tananger lt ho 096oT
2.6c
126oT 1.3 2.3 D Slow 20m Change to plan of Risavika
Leading lts 2 F.R 126o
30T
Make fast tugs
Oil terminal 2 F.R 077oT
1.6M
077oT 1.0 1.0 D Slow 1m Leading lts 2 F.R 077
oT
Stbd. side alongside oil jetty
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