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Page 1: Parts of a Sentence Simple Subjects and Predicates, Complete Subjects and Predicates, Compound Subjects and Predicates.

Parts of a SentenceSimple Subjects and Predicates,

Complete Subjects and Predicates, Compound Subjects and Predicates

Page 2: Parts of a Sentence Simple Subjects and Predicates, Complete Subjects and Predicates, Compound Subjects and Predicates.

I. Sentences and FragmentsA. Subject Part of a sentence names whom

or what the sentence is about.B. Predicate part of the sentence tells what

the subject does or has. It can also describe what the subject is or is like

C. Sentence Fragment does not express a complete thought.

1. Timmy ate the cake.

Page 3: Parts of a Sentence Simple Subjects and Predicates, Complete Subjects and Predicates, Compound Subjects and Predicates.

II. Complete Subjects and PredicatesA. The Simple Subject in the main of the most important word or

group of words in the complete subject.B. The Simple Predicate is the main word or group of words in the

complete predicate.1. SIMPLE: The happy boy / ate his large birthday

cake.

C. The Complete Subject includes all the words in the subject of a sentence.

D. The Complete Predicate includes all of the words in the predicate of a sentence.

1. COMPLETE: The happy boy / ate his large birthday cake.

Page 4: Parts of a Sentence Simple Subjects and Predicates, Complete Subjects and Predicates, Compound Subjects and Predicates.

III. Compound Subjects and Predicates A. A Compound Subject is two or more

simple subjects that have the same predicate.

B. A Compound Predicate is two or more simple predicates, or verbs, that have the same subject.

Page 5: Parts of a Sentence Simple Subjects and Predicates, Complete Subjects and Predicates, Compound Subjects and Predicates.

A. Timmy and Susie watched a movie together.

B. The fish and the cat played tag.C. Both the soccer and football teams play

tonight.D. Daring feats and thrilling chases are

exciting.

IV. Compound Subjects

Page 6: Parts of a Sentence Simple Subjects and Predicates, Complete Subjects and Predicates, Compound Subjects and Predicates.

V. Compound VerbsA. The hero conquered and captured the

city.B. Odysseus outsmarted and

outmaneuvered his enemies.C. Boo Radley scared and mystified Jem and

Scout.

Page 7: Parts of a Sentence Simple Subjects and Predicates, Complete Subjects and Predicates, Compound Subjects and Predicates.

VI. Compound PredicatesA. Faulkner’s stories engage the imagination

and excite readers.B. Tommy stopped the car and changed the

tire.C. Susie cut her hair and then bought a new

dress.

Page 8: Parts of a Sentence Simple Subjects and Predicates, Complete Subjects and Predicates, Compound Subjects and Predicates.

VII. Simple and Compound SentencesA. A Simple Sentence has one subject and

one predicate.B. A Compound Sentence is a sentence that

contains two or more simple sentences joined by a comma and a coordinating conjunction or by a semicolon.

Page 9: Parts of a Sentence Simple Subjects and Predicates, Complete Subjects and Predicates, Compound Subjects and Predicates.

Parts of a SentenceSubjects in Unusual Positions

Page 10: Parts of a Sentence Simple Subjects and Predicates, Complete Subjects and Predicates, Compound Subjects and Predicates.

I. Inverted SentencesA. When the subject(s) come after the verb

or part of the verb phrase. 1. Ex: Down came the savage storm on the

Spanish group. 2. Ex: Across the deck of the hopeless ship swept

the sea.3. Behind the house stood the evil gnome.

Page 11: Parts of a Sentence Simple Subjects and Predicates, Complete Subjects and Predicates, Compound Subjects and Predicates.

II. Here or ThereA. Here and there can begin a sentence, but

are never subjects. The subject usually follows the verb in this case

1. Ex: Here is the massive anchor of the boat2. Ex. There lies a great ship, far beneath the

ocean. 3. There is the boy with the blue tongue.

Page 12: Parts of a Sentence Simple Subjects and Predicates, Complete Subjects and Predicates, Compound Subjects and Predicates.

III. QuestionsA. In a question, the subject usually comes

after the verb. Subjects can also be wedged/sandwiched in the middle of a verb phrase.

1. Ex: Was the cargo of the boat valuable?2. Ex: Did the great ship survive the storm?3. Ex: How often does Hines Ward block down

field?

Page 13: Parts of a Sentence Simple Subjects and Predicates, Complete Subjects and Predicates, Compound Subjects and Predicates.

Kinds of SentencesDeclarative, Interrogative, Imperative,

Exclamatory

Page 14: Parts of a Sentence Simple Subjects and Predicates, Complete Subjects and Predicates, Compound Subjects and Predicates.

I. Kinds of SentencesA. Declarative, Makes a statement B. Interrogative, Asks a questionC. Exclamatory, expresses strong feelingD. Imperative, gives a command or makes a

request

Page 15: Parts of a Sentence Simple Subjects and Predicates, Complete Subjects and Predicates, Compound Subjects and Predicates.

II. DeclarativeA. This kind of sentence expresses a

statement of fact, wish, intent, or feeling. It always ends with a period.

1. I am going to go fishing next week.2. Pittsburgh is a wonderful city. 3. I want to see the Steelers win a seventh ring.

Page 16: Parts of a Sentence Simple Subjects and Predicates, Complete Subjects and Predicates, Compound Subjects and Predicates.

III. InterrogativeA. This kind of sentence asks a question and

ends with a question mark.1. Are you going to go fishing with me?2. Which attraction is the most popular?3. Will the Browns actually win a game this year?

Page 17: Parts of a Sentence Simple Subjects and Predicates, Complete Subjects and Predicates, Compound Subjects and Predicates.

IV. ExclamatoryA. This kind of sentence expresses strong feeling and

always ends with an exclamation point.1. I can’t wait to take the final exam!2. You’ve got to see Wild Bill’s Wax Museum! 3. The Steelers destroyed the Browns!

B. When an exclamatory sentence is preceded by another exclamation, either a period or an exclamation mark can be used at the end of the second sentence.

1. Example: Wow! The Brown players seem so horrible.

Page 18: Parts of a Sentence Simple Subjects and Predicates, Complete Subjects and Predicates, Compound Subjects and Predicates.

V. ImperativeA. This kind of sentence gives a command,

request, or direction, and usually ends with a period. If the command or request is strong, it may end with an exclamation point.

1. Sit down, be quiet, and take your notes.2. See for yourself! Read the guidebook.3. Get down on the ground and put your hands behind your

head.

Page 19: Parts of a Sentence Simple Subjects and Predicates, Complete Subjects and Predicates, Compound Subjects and Predicates.

VI. Why It Matters in WritingA. Using the four sentence types, you can vary the tone

and mood of your writing. Read the four sentences below with expression. Notice how your tone of voice changes to convey the different meaning of each sentence.

1. You have never visited the dog pound. 2. You have never visited the dog pound? 3. Never visit the dog pound. 4. You would hate the dog pound!

Page 20: Parts of a Sentence Simple Subjects and Predicates, Complete Subjects and Predicates, Compound Subjects and Predicates.

Subject Complements

Predicate Adjectives and Predicate Nominatives

Page 21: Parts of a Sentence Simple Subjects and Predicates, Complete Subjects and Predicates, Compound Subjects and Predicates.

I. ComplementsA. A complement (notice the spelling of the word) is

any word or phrase that completes the meaning of a subject, an object, or a verb.

1. Subject ComplementsA. Predicate AdjectivesB. Predicate Nominatives

A. Verb Complements (Objects of Verbs)A. Direct ObjectsB. Indirect Objects

B. Objective Complements

Page 22: Parts of a Sentence Simple Subjects and Predicates, Complete Subjects and Predicates, Compound Subjects and Predicates.

II. Subject ComplementsA. Subject complements follow a linking verb and

either rename that subject or provide additional details about that subject.

1. Susie was a dancer.

A. Timmy is scared.

Page 23: Parts of a Sentence Simple Subjects and Predicates, Complete Subjects and Predicates, Compound Subjects and Predicates.

III. Linking VerbsA. Linking verbs connect or link the subject with a noun, a

pronoun, or an adjective in the predicate.1. Linking verbs express states of being or existence.

a. Timmy is tired.2. “Real” Linking Verbs

a. Be, am, is, was, were, has been, are being, might have been, become, seem

3. “Confused” Linking Verbsa. Appear, feel, grow, look, prove, remain, smell, sound, taste, turn

Page 24: Parts of a Sentence Simple Subjects and Predicates, Complete Subjects and Predicates, Compound Subjects and Predicates.

IV. Linking Verb TestA. To be sure if the word in question is a linking

verb: Substitute either the word “is” or “are” for that word, then read the sentence. If the sentence still makes sense…you have a linking verb.

1. Timmy feels tired.2. Timmy “is” tired.

c. The students look sick.d. The students “are” sick.

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V. Predicate AdjectivesA. Predicate Adjectives follow a LINKING VERB and

provide additional details about the subject of the sentence.

B. The function of predicate adjectives is to modify, describe, explain, or limit the subject in some way.

C. MUST follow a linking verb. No linking verb, then no predicate nominative.

A. Some presidents’ pets have become famous.B. He certainly seems clever and playful.C. Tricksters have been popular in many folk tales through- out the

world.

Page 26: Parts of a Sentence Simple Subjects and Predicates, Complete Subjects and Predicates, Compound Subjects and Predicates.

VI. Predicate Adjectives: Practice

A. EXAMPLES: Underline the subject once, the linking verb twice, and circle the predicate adjective.

1. Some presidents’ pets looked strange at the White House.

2. His behavior has always been outrageous.

3. The garbage in the hall smells bad.

4. People are interested in reality TV.

5. Watching the Pittsburgh Penguins is enjoyable.

6. Algebra is often confusing.

Page 27: Parts of a Sentence Simple Subjects and Predicates, Complete Subjects and Predicates, Compound Subjects and Predicates.

VII. Identifying Predicate AdjectivesA. STRATEGY FOR IDENTIFYING: What three step process

could you use to help find predicate Adjectives?

1. _________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________

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VIII. Predicate NominativesA. A predicate nominative follows a linking verb and

gives a new name for the subject. B. The function of predicate nominatives is to rename,

identify, or further define the subject of the sentence.C. MUST follow a linking verb. No linking verb, then no

predicate nominative. A. Agoraphobia is the fear of being in large open places.B. We have always been avid fans of ice hockey. C. One traitor and enemy to his country was Benedict Arnold.D. The roads in the mountains can be long dusty trails.

Page 29: Parts of a Sentence Simple Subjects and Predicates, Complete Subjects and Predicates, Compound Subjects and Predicates.

IX. Predicate Nominatives: Practice

A. EXAMPLES: Underline the subject once, the linking verb twice, and circle the predicate nominatives.

1. Cartman has been a police deputy in Southpark.

2. Mr. Hat is a puppet.

3. The U.S. government was an enemy of imagination land.

4. Chef is a cook at Southpark Elementary.

5. Sidney Crosby is a phenomenal hockey player.

6. Kenny is the boy that death likes to taunt.

Page 30: Parts of a Sentence Simple Subjects and Predicates, Complete Subjects and Predicates, Compound Subjects and Predicates.

X. Identifying Predicate NominativesA. STRATEGY FOR IDENTIFYING: What three step process

could you use to help find predicate nominatives?

1. _________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________

Page 31: Parts of a Sentence Simple Subjects and Predicates, Complete Subjects and Predicates, Compound Subjects and Predicates.

Verb ComplementsObjects of Verbs: Direct and Indirect

Objects, Objective Complements

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I. Action VerbsA. Many action verbs require complements called direct and

indirect objects to complete their meaning (for the sentence to make sense).

1. Transitive verbs cannot complete their meaning without the help of a direct object.a. Cartman killed __________.b. Eric threw ___________.

2. Intransitive verbs do not take a direct object, or to put it another way, they do not need an object to complete their meaning.1. Mr. Garrison snored2. Stan slept.

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I. Action Verbs continued

C. Some verbs can be either transitive or intransitive depending on the context of the sentence.

1. Chef won the prize.

1. Chef won.

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II. Direct ObjectsA. A direct object is a word or group of words that tells

who or what is receiving the action of the action verb.

B. The function of a direct object is to explain who or what and action is done to.

1. Peter threw the toaster at Stewie.

2. Meg needed to find a date for the dance.

3. Brian introduced the new neighbor to his friends.

Page 35: Parts of a Sentence Simple Subjects and Predicates, Complete Subjects and Predicates, Compound Subjects and Predicates.

III. Direct Objects: Practice

A. EXAMPLES: Underline the action verb once and the direct object twice.

1. Peter made Louis a birthday card for their anniversary.

2. Mr. Hat hates children.

3. The U.S. government bombed Imagination Land.

4. Cartman found the aliens.

5. Kenny met his death that episode.

6. Wendy sent Kyle a love note.

Page 36: Parts of a Sentence Simple Subjects and Predicates, Complete Subjects and Predicates, Compound Subjects and Predicates.

IV. Identifying Direct ObjectsA. STRATEGY FOR IDENTIFYING: What three steps process

could you use to help find direct objects?

1. _________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________

Page 37: Parts of a Sentence Simple Subjects and Predicates, Complete Subjects and Predicates, Compound Subjects and Predicates.

V. Indirect ObjectsA. An indirect object is a word or group of words that

explains to what, to whom, or for whom an action is done.

B. Indirect objects are located between the action verb and before the direct object. This is their home.

1. The tour guide told him facts about the haunted house.

2. I showed the space pirates the treasure map.

3. Cartman sent Wendy a rabid ferret for Christmas.

Page 38: Parts of a Sentence Simple Subjects and Predicates, Complete Subjects and Predicates, Compound Subjects and Predicates.

VI. Indirect Objects: Practice

A. EXAMPLES: Underline the action verb once, the direct object twice, and circle the indirect object.

1. Bart gave Lisa a spider for her birthday.

2. Homer sent Mr. Burns a ransom note.

3. Maggie gave the family a scare when she stole the car.

4. Principal Skinner gave Bart a detention.

5. Side Show Bob brought Bart a present.

6. Several of the students made Principal Skinner a surprise.

Page 39: Parts of a Sentence Simple Subjects and Predicates, Complete Subjects and Predicates, Compound Subjects and Predicates.

VII. Identifying Indirect ObjectsA. STRATEGY FOR IDENTIFYING: What three steps process

could you use to help find indirect objects

1. _________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________

Page 40: Parts of a Sentence Simple Subjects and Predicates, Complete Subjects and Predicates, Compound Subjects and Predicates.

VIII. Objective ComplementA. An objective complement is a word or group of words

that follow or come after a direct object and renames or describes that direct object.

B. Objective complements always come after the direct object. This is their home.

1. The government declared Peter President of Petoria.

2. Peter considered Brian the best candidate for Vice President.

3. Everyone called the country a wasteland.