PARTONE:FOODSANDNUTRITIONALVALUESELF-PACEDTRAININGMODULE
forInfants andYoungChildreninFamilyChildCareHomes
WhataretheNutritionStandards?
Ø GuidelinesfornutritioninfamilychildcarehomesØ DevelopedbyapanelofchildcareandnutritionexpertsØ Twocategoriesofstandards
◦ Recommendedfoods◦ Recommendedpracticesforpreparingandservingfood
Ø Dividedinto2tiers◦ Tier1(requiredimplementation)◦ Tier2(optionalimplementaton) Tier 1 Tier 2
ContentOverview
PARTONE:SELF-PACED
◦Breastfeeding
◦MilkandOtherBeverages
◦GrainsandProteins
◦VegetablesandFruits
◦SugarandSodium
PARTTWO:LIVE
◦ReviewofPartOne
◦IntroductionofSolidFoods
◦HealthyFeedingPractices
Definitions
Thesetermswillbeusedtorefertodifferentagegroups:
Ø Infants arefrombirthto12monthsofage
Ø Youngchildrenareover12monthsofage
Breastfeeding
BreastmilkishealthiestsourceofnutritionforinfantsØ ContainsallnutrientsinfantsneedØ Protectsinfantsfromcommonillnesses,allergies,
andobesityØ Promotesgoodhealthformothers
SupportingBreastfeeding
Ø Provideinformationabouthowyousupportbreastfeedinginyourfamilychildcarehome
Ø Provideaquiet,comfortable,andprivateplaceformotherstobreastfeed
Ø Providecaregiversaplacetorefrigerate/storeexpressedbreastmilk
OtherBeveragesforInfants
Ø Iron-fortifiedformulaisonlysubstituteforbreastmilkØ Donotprovideothermilk,unlessinstructedbydoctor
Ø At6-9monthsofage,encourageinfantstodrinkwaterfromacupwithassistance
Ø Donotprovideanyjuiceorsweeteneddrinks
Ø Supportandencouragebreastfeeding
Ø Provideadequaterefrigerator/storagespaceforbreastmilk
Ø Offeronlybreastmilkand/oriron-fortifiedinfantformulaforinfants0-12months
Ø Noothermilkforinfants,unlessadoctor’snote
Ø Donotserve100%juice,juicedrinksorotherbeverages
BreastfeedingandOtherBeveragesforInfants
Tier 1
Ø Whilebreastmilkandformulaarethebestsourcesofwater,at6-9monthsbeginprovidingacupforadditionaldrinkingwater
BreastfeedingandOtherBeveragesforInfants
Tier 2
MilkandOtherBeverages
Ø Cow’smilkprovidesagoodsourceofcalcium,vitaminDandproteinforchildrenover12monthsØ Infantsunder12monthscannotdigestcow’smilkproperlyØ Childrenwhodonotdrinkcow’smilkcandrinka
nutritionallyequivalentmilk(suchassoymilk)ifrequestedbytheirparentormedicalprovider
Ø Flavoredmilkscontainaddedsugarsthatcanleadtocavitiesandoverweight
MilkandOtherBeverages
ØCow’smilknaturallycontainsfat
ØWholemilkcontainsfullfatandisappropriateforthenutritionalneedsofchildrenbetween12-24monthsold
ØChildrenolderthan24monthsdonotneedasmuchfatintheirdietandshouldswitchtolowfat orfat-freeoptions
MilkandOtherBeverages
Ø WaterservedinacupisthebestchoiceforyoungchildrenwhoarethirstyØ ImportantforhydrationØ Reducesacidinthemouththatcan
causecavitiesØ Containsnocalories
Ø Infantsunder6monthsgetenoughhydrationfrombreastmilkorformulaanddonotneedadditionalwater
MilkandOtherBeverages
Ø Wholefruitismorenutritiousthanfruitjuicebecauseitcontainsfewercaloriesandprovidesfiber
Ø Juicethatisnot100%fruitjuicehasaddedsugarthatcanleadtooralcavitiesandoverweight
Ø Youngchildrenwhodrink100%fruitjuiceshoulddrinklessthan4to6ouncesin24hoursØ Drinkinggreateramountsof100%fruitjuicehasbeen
associatedwithhealthproblems
MilkandOtherBeveragesØ Donotservesugarsweetened
beveragesØ Rarelyorneveroffer100%
fruitjuiceØ Ifoffered,givenomorethan4
to6ouncesof100%fruitjuiceper24hours
Tier 1
MilkandOtherBeveragesØ Ensurethatwateriseasily
availableforself-serve,indoorsandoutdoors,andactivelyofferedwithmealsandsnacksandatothertimesasappropriate
Tier 1
Ø Toddlers1to2yearsshoulddrinkoneservingofunflavoredwholemilkatleast2timesperday
Ø Childrenover2yearsshoulddrinkoneservingofunflavoredreducedfat(1%)orfat-freemilkatleast2timesperday
MilkandOtherBeverages
Tier 2
Ø Offeronlynon-dairymilksubstitutions(suchassoymilk)thatarenutritionallyequivalenttomilk
MilkandOtherBeverages
Tier 2
Grains
Ø Wholegrainsprovideimportantnutrients
Ø Eatingwholegrainshelpschildrengrowatahealthyweight,andreducesconstipation
GrainsforInfants6– 12Months
Grainsincludeiron-fortifiedinfantcereals*:Ø RicecerealØ Oat,barleyorwheatcerealØ Mixedgraincereal
*Thelivetrainingwillcontainin-depthinformationabouttheintroductionofsolidfoodsforinfants.
GrainsSERVE:WholeGrainFoods
• Brownbread,labeledwholegrainormulti-grain• Brownrice• Wholewheattortillas• Barleyorfarro• Quinoa• Wholewheatpasta• Oatmeal
AVOID:Non-WholeGrainFoods
• Whiteorenrichedbread• Whiterice• Flourtortillas• Pastaornoodlesmadefromwhiteflour• Dessertssuchascake,cookies,pie,pastriesordonuts
Ø Offeriron-fortifiedinfantcerealsforinfants6upto12monthsold
Ø Donotservewhite(non-whole)grainsorwhitegrain-baseddesserts
Grains
Tier 1 Tier 2
Proteins
Ø Proteinhelpsbuildbones,muscles,cartilage,skin,andblood,andmakehormonesandvitamins
Ø Protein-richfoodsinclude fish,leanmeats,poultry,eggs,beans,peas,soyproducts,cheeseandyogurt
Ø Productsmadefromsoyandothersourcesofvegetableproteinsaddvariety
Proteins
Ø Infantsover6monthsshouldeatproteinspreparedaccordingtotheirdevelopmentalabilitytoeatdifferenttexturesØ Pureed,mashedorground
Ø Youngchildrenshouldbeofferedleanproteinsatleast2timesperday
Proteins
Ø Naturalcheeseandyogurtareagoodsourceofcalcium,VitaminDandprotein
Ø Cheesespreadsorimitationcheesesarenotahealthysubstitutefornaturalcheese
Proteins
Ø CheeseandyogurtalsocontainfatØ Lowfat orreducedfathavefewercalories
Ø FlavoredyogurtsmaycontainaddedsugarØ Addfreshfruittoplainyogurtinsteadofserving
flavoredyogurt
Proteins
Ø Processedmeatssuchashotdogs,sausage,andbaconarehighinfat,salt,andchemicalscallednitrates
Ø Deepfriedorpre-friedfoodssuchasfishsticksandchickennuggetsarealsohighinfatandsalt
Proteins
ØOfferproteinssuchassoftcookedegg,beans,meat,poultry,andfishwithoutbonestoinfants6to12monthsoldØOfferyoungchildrenleanproteinatleast2timesaday,suchasseafood,fish, leanmeat,poultry,eggs,beans,peas,soyproducts,tofu,andunsaltednutsandseedsØDonotserveprocessedmeatsordeepfriedorpre-friedmeats,poultryorfish
Tier 1
Proteins
Ø ServeproteinwithnoaddedsaltØ Offernaturalcheesenomorethan1-2times
perdayØ Donotservecheesefood/spreadØ Chooselow-fatorreduced-fatcheeseØ Offeryogurtthatcontainslessthan23grams
ofsugarper6oz nomorethan1timeperday
Tier 2
Vegetables
Ø Vegetablesareahealthychoiceforinfantsolderthan6months andyoungchildren
Ø Vegetablesprovidevitaminsandmineralsthatsupportyoungchildren’srapidgrowthanddevelopment
Ø Dietsrichinvegetablesreducetheriskofhealthproblems
VegetablesØ Infantsover6monthsshouldeatcooked
vegetablespreparedaccordingtotheirdevelopmentalabilitytoeatdifferenttexturesØ Pureed,mashedorsoftwhole
Ø Differentvegetabletextureshelpdeveloptheinfant’ssensoryskills
Ø Includea“rainbow”ofvegetablesofdifferentcolorsforavarietyofnutrients
Vegetables
Ø Frozenorcannedvegetablesshouldhavenoaddedingredientssuchassalt,fat,orsugar
Ø Deepfriedandpre-friedbakedvegetablesarehighinfatandsalt
Vegetables
Ø Offerpureed,mashedorwholevegetablesforinfants6to12months
Ø Offeryoungchildrenvegetablesatleast2timesperday
Ø Vegetablescanbefresh,frozenorcanned(withnoaddedsalt, fat,orsugar)
Ø Donotservedeepfriedorpre-friedbakedvegetables
Tier 1
Fruits
Ø Fruitsareahealthyfoodchoiceforinfantsolderthan6monthsandyoungchildren
Ø Fruitsprovidevitaminsandmineralsforgrowthanddevelopment
Ø Includefruitsfromavarietyofcolors
Fruits
Ø Infantsover6monthsshouldeatfruitspreparedaccordingtotheirdevelopmentalabilitytoeatdifferenttexturesØ Pureed,mashedorsoftwhole
Ø Youngchildrenshouldbeofferedfruitatleast2timesperday
Fruits
Ø Frozenorcannedfruitsshouldhavenoaddedingredientssuchsugarorsweeteners
Ø Fruitisnaturallysweet– donotaddsugar,honey,orothersweeteners
Ø Offerinfantsolderthan6monthsunsweetenedwhole,mashed,orpureedfruits
Ø Offeryoungchildrenfruitatleast2timesperday
Ø Fruitcanbefresh,frozen,orcanned(withnoaddedsugars)
Fruits
Tier 1
SugarandSodium
Ø Foodshighinaddedsugarsorsugarequivalentsshouldbeavoided
Ø Toomuchsugarcancontributetochildhoodhealthproblemssuchasoverweight,oralcavitiesanddiabetes
SugarandSodium
Ø HighfructosecornsyrupØ FructoseØ CornsyrupØ Honey
Ø CanesugarØ EvaporatedcanejuiceØ SucroseØ Sucralose
Checktheingredientsofcommercialfoodstoseeifsugarorthesesugarequivalentshavebeenadded:
SugarandSodium
Ø Theamountofsaltinfoodisusuallylistedona nutritionlabelas“sodium”
Ø Thebodyonlyneedsasmallamountofsodium
Ø Toomuchsodiumcanincreasebloodpressure
Ø Processedfoodsmayhavealotofsodium
SugarandSodiumØ Donotservefoodswithaddedsugarorsugar
equivalentslistedasthefirstorsecondingredients
Ø Donotofferfoodshavingacombinationof3ormorekindsofsugarorsugarequivalents
Tier 1
Ø Donotservelowcaloriesweetenersoritemscontaininglow-caloriesweetenerslikedietfoodsordietbeverages
Ø DonotservehighsaltfoodsØ morethan200mgsodiumpersnackitem
or480mgperentrée
Ø Donotaddsalttofood
SugarandSodium
Tier 2
Pleasenoteanyquestionsyouhaveandbringthemwithyoutothel ivetrainingfordiscussion.
…youhavecompletedthemodule!
Acknowledgements
NUTRITIONSTANDARDSPILOT TEAM
NutritionPolicyInstitute:
•GemmaDiMatteo•KlaraGurzo•KennethHecht•Lorrene Ritchie
CaliforniaFoodPolicyAdvocates:◦ MelissaCannon◦ ElyseHomel Vitale
UCSFCaliforniaChildcareHealthProgram:◦ AbbeyAlkon◦ VictoriaKeeton◦ BobbieRose
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