Issue Date:
Revision:
IPv6: The Future Of the Internet
Fakrul Alam
Senior Training Officer
APNIC
ICT Days Pacific 2016, 18 May 2015[18-05-2016]
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Past
4 Nodes in 1969 (ARPANET) 19 Nodes in 1971
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Present
• There are 3.26 billion Internet users as at December 2015; that’s over 40% of the world’s population
• Asia, as a continent, has the most Internet users. It accounts for 48.4% of global Internet users
• By 2017, there will be more Internet traffic than all prior Internet years combined
"It's enough to do an experiment. The problem is the experiment never ended”
- Vint Cerf(comments of 32 bit IPv4 addressing)
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IPv6Internet Protocol Version 6
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Background
• The Internet has become a fundamental infrastructure, worldwide, for economic and social activity, and its usage continues to grow exponentially:– More users– New applications (e.g. mobile, Internet of Things (IoT) etc.)
• The transition from IPv4 to IPv6 is the only sustainable option in the long run
• A smooth transition requires understanding the challenges and a timely start
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IPv4 vs IPv6
Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4)
Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6)
Deployed 1981 1999
Address Size 32-bit number 128-bit number
Address Format Dotted Decimal Hexadecimal Notation
Notation 192.0.2.100 2001:DB8:abcd::1
Prefix Notation 192.0.2.0/24 2001:DB8::/32
Number of Addresses 232 = ~4,000,000,000 2128 = ~340,000,000,000,000,000,000,000, 000,000,000,000,000
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Background of IPv6 Protocol
• August 1990– First wake-up call by Solensky in IETF on IPv4 address exhaustion
• December 1994– IPng area were formed within IETF to manage IPng effort [RFC1719] – List of technical criteria was defined to choose IPng [RFC1726]
• January 1995– IPng director recommendation to use 128 bit address [RFC1752]
• December 1995– First version of IPv6 address specification [RFC1883]
• December 1998– Updated version changing header format from 1st version [RFC2460]
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Motivation Behind IPv6 Protocol
• Plenty of address space (mobile phones, tablet computers, car parts, etc.)
• Solution of very complex hierarchical addressing need, which IPv4 is unable to provide
• End-to-end communication without the need of NAT for real-time applications (i.e, online transaction)
• Ensure security, reliability of data and faster processing of protocol overhead
• Stable service for mobile network (i.e, Internet on airlines, trains)
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New Functional Improvements
• Address space– Increase from 32-bit to 128-bit address space
• Management– Stateless auto-configuration means no more need to configure IP
addresses for end systems, even via DHCP
• Performance– Fixed header size (40 bytes) and 64-bit header alignment mean
better performance from routers and bridges/switches
• No hop-by-hop segmentation– Path MTU discovery
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New Functional Improvements
• Multicast– Built-in features for multicast groups, management, and new
“anycast” groups
• No more broadcast
• Mobile IP – Eliminate triangular routing and simplify deployment of mobile IP-
based systems
• Virtual private networks – Built-in support for ESP/AH encrypted/ authenticated virtual private
network protocols
• Built-in support for QoS tagging
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Any THING Communication
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Internet of Everything
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Supporting IPv6-only Networks
https://developer.apple.com/news/?id=05042016a
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Final Note• IPv6 is now inevitable as we continue to move toward a ubiquitously
connected society, e.g, smart cities
• Without IPv6 deployment, it is just a matter of time before networks (countries) become isolated and unable to communicate
• Ability to integrate devices, such as mobile phones, IoT, etc, is no longer a want − it is a need
• Without IPv6, will severely limit the move towards a connected society, hindering government and business efficiency
• Government personnel need integrated, secure functionality to help provide citizen services
• IPv6 is no longer just a technical issue to be tackled only at the operational level. It needs to involve all levels and agencies within government
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https://www.apnic.net/ipv6
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“96 More Bits, No Magic”
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Thank [email protected]
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