www.huawei.com
Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
WCDMA Radio Resource Management (RRM)
Page2Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. Introduction to RRM
2. Channel Configuration
3. Power Control
4. Mobility Management
5. AMR Mode Control
Page3Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. Introduction to RRM
2. Channel Configuration
3. Power Control
4. Mobility Management
5. AMR Mode Control
Page4Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Introduction to RRM RRM: Radio Resource Management
RRM is responsible for supplying optimum coverage, offering the maximum planned capacity, guaranteeing the required quality of service (QoS) and ensuring efficient use of physical and transport resources.
Power is the ultimate radio resource. The best way to utilize the radio resource is to control the power consumption strictly.
Increasing the transmission power of a certain user can improve his QoS.
However, due to the self-interference, the increasing would result in more interference on other users and consequently reduce the receiving QoS.
Page5Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Procedure of RRM
Fundamental procedure of radio resource
management
Measurement control
measurement
UE, NodeB, RNC
Measurement report
Judgment
Execution
Page6Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. Introduction to RRM
2. Channel Configuration
3. Power Control
4. Mobility Management
5. AMR Mode Control
Page7Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
2. Channel Configuration
2.1 Fundamental channel configuration
2.2 Dynamic channel configuration
Page8Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Fundamental Channel Configuration Objective: mapping the RAB QoS features requested to
distribute appropriate channel
QoS requested by CN Traffic Classes
Conversational
Streaming
Interactive
Background
Rate demand
Quality demand (BLER)
Time delay
Page9Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
QoS Mapping
DPDCH DPCCH
RAB
RB RB
DTCH DTCH DCCH
TrCHTrCH TrCH
CCTrCH
RLC entity
Mac-d Mac-c
Coding& RM&Mux
Radio Bearers
RLC Sublayer
Logical Channels
MAC Sublayer
Transport Channels
Physical Layer
DTCH
...
Coding& RM&Mux
TrCH
Page10Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
RB and RLC Parameter Configuration RB parameters
RB number
RLC parameters
Different RLC transfer modes
transparent mode (TM)
Unacknowledged mode (UM)
Acknowledged mode (AM)
Different logic channel parameters
Page11Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
MAC Parameter Configuration MAC parameters
The mapping/multiplexing relation between logic channel and transport channel
Different types and parameters of transport channel Dedicated channel
Common channel
Different configurations of MAC entity MAC-d/MAC-c
Priority configuration of MAC sub layer
TFCS configuration
Page12Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
PHY Parameter Configuration PHY parameters
Mapping relation from transport channel to physical channel Channel Coding scheme
Convolutional code Turbo code Non
Interleaving length Rate matching attribute Spreading factor (SF) Power offset Other physical channel parameters, such as diversity mode, etc.
Page13Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
2. Channel Configuration
2.1 Fundamental channel configuration
2.2 Dynamic channel configuration
Page14Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
DCCC: Dynamic Channel Configuration Control
Object of DCCC: Best Effort (BE) service
Features of BE service
rate of service source changes largely
Less demand on time delay
More demand on bit error rate
Page15Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Dynamic Channel ConfigurationDynamic Channel Configuration
MAC-d
DL Transport Channel Traffic Volume
Threshold
Configuration in L2
RLC
Signaling bearer
DCH1
RLC
TFC SelectTFC Select
DCH2
Channel SwitchingChannel Switching
DCCH DTCH
Page16Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Decision of DCCC
Decision of DCCC
Measurement report on traffic volume of RLC Buffer
Decide whether to change the bandwidth used by UE
dynamically based on the measurement result.
Consider whether there is limitation on air interface
during the decision of reconfiguration.
The uplink & downlink DCCC decisions are the same, but are executed respectively.
Page17Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Effect of DCCC
System capacity
Traditional channel configuration
Rate of service source
DCCC
Achieve “bandwidth on demand”
Time
rate
Page18Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. Introduction to RRM
2. Channel Configuration
3. Power Control
4. Mobility Management
5. AMR Mode Control
Near-far effect in CDMA
A B
P()
P()
P()
P()
Received power from user A
P()
Despreading
Transmission power of user A
Received power by NodeB
The user A can communicate successfully
Received power from user B
Transmission power of user A
The user B is submerged because of strong interference
from user A
user A
user B
Page20Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Classification of Power Control Power Control
Uplink power control Open loop power control
Closed loop power control
– Inner loop power control
– Outer loop power control
Downlink power control Open loop power control
Closed loop power control
– Inner loop power control
– Outer loop power control
Page21Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Open Loop Power Control for DPCH
Accurately calculate initial
transmitting power of
inner loop needed to
lessen the time of
convergence
Reduce the impact on
system load
Convergence of inner loop power control
time
power
time
power
Page22Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
NodeB UERACH
BCH: CPICH channel power UL interference level
Open Loop Power Control for PRACH
Page23Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Uplink Closed Loop Power Control
NodeB UE
Transmit TPC
Measure&compare
SIR of received signal
Inner loop
Set SIRtar
1500Hz
Page24Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
BLER--SIR
SIR
BLER
Different curves correspond with different multi-path environment
Page25Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Uplink Closed Loop Power Control
NodeB UE
Transmit TPC
Measure&compare
SIR of received signal
Inner loop
Set SIRtar
Traffic data with steady BLER can be acquired
Measure BLER of transport channel
Outer loop
RNC
Measure&compare BLER of received data
Set BLERtar
10-100Hz
Page26Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Downlink Power Control
NodeB
Set SIRtar
Transmit TPC
Measure and compare SIR
Measure and compare BLER
Outer loop
Inner loop UE physical layer
UE Layer 3
Downlink inner loop and outer loop power control
10-100Hz1500Hz
Page27Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. Introduction to RRM
2. Channel Configuration
3. Power Control
4. Mobility Management
5. AMR Mode Control
Page28Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
UE Working Modes and states
Idle mode
Connected mode
Cell_DCH
Cell_FACH
Cell_PCH
URA_PCH
Page29Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
UE Working Modes and states Idle Mode
The UE has no relation to UTRAN, only to CN. For data transfer, a signalling connection has to be established
UE camps on a cell It enables the UE to receive system information from the PLMN UE can establish an RRC connection, it can do this by initially
accessing the network on the control channel of the cell on which it is camped
UE can receive "paging" message from PCH
The idle mode tasks can be subdivided into three processes PLMN selection and reselection Cell selection and reselection Location registration
Page30Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
UE Working Modes and states
Connected Mode – Cell_DCH In active state Communicating via its dedicated channels UTRAN knows the cell in which UE is located.
Page31Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
UE Working Modes and states
Connected Mode - Cell-FACH
In active state
Few data to be transmitted both in uplink and in
downlink. There is no need to allocate dedicated
channel for this UE
Downlink uses FACH and uplink uses RACH
UE need to monitor the FACH for its relative
information
UTRAN knows the cell in which UE is located
Page32Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
UE Working Modes and states
Connected Mode – Cell_PCH No data to be transmitted or received DRX (discontinuous reception) monitor PICH, to recei
ve its paging lower the power consumption of UE UTRAN knows the cell in which UE is located UTRAN have to update cell information of UE when U
E roams to another cell
Page33Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
UE Working Modes and states
Connected Mode – URA_PCH No data to be transmitted or received
DRX monitor PICH
UTRAN only knows the URA in which UE is located
UTRAN update UE information only after UE has roamed to other URA (UE report own new URA by URA update procedure)
A better way to lower the resource occupancy
Page34Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
UE states switching
CELL_DCH CELL_FACH
CELL_PCHURA_PCH
IDLE
DEAD - Scanning networks (PLMN)- ”Camp on” cell
- Monitor paging channel- cell re-selection
- Dedicated Channel- Radio bearers Transmission Services
- upper layer Signalingtrigger (CN)
- Reduce action , DTX , and save power
RRC connection
Page35Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
UE move
Target BSSource BS
time
Data UE received/
sent
“GAP” of communication
Hard handover
Page36Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Soft Handover
UE move
Target BSSource BS
time
Data UE received
/ sentNo “GAP” of communication
Page37Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
The Basic Concept of SHO
Active Set
Including all cells currently participating in a SHO
connection of a UE
Monitored Set
Including all cells being continuously monitored by the UE
and which are not current included in its active set
Detected set
Including the cells the UE has detected but are neither in
the active set nor in the monitored set
Page38Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Three Steps of Handover
Decision
Execute
Measurement
Page39Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
The Basic Concepts of Measurement The measurement values of Handover
Intra-frequency and inter-frequency: CPICH RSCP 、 CPICH Ec/N0 、 Path loss Inter-frequency : CPICH RSCP 、 CPICH Ec/N0 Inter-system : GSM Carrier RSSI , BSIC Identification , BSIC Reconfirmation
The reporting methods of measurement Periodic reporting Event reporting
The events of reporting Intra-frequency events : 1A,1B,1C,1D,1F Inter-frequency events : 2D,2F,2B,2C Inter-system events : 3A,3C Others : 6G,6F
Page40Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Reporting Criterion
Reporting Criterion Decision formula: for example, 1A event : 1.Path Loss
2.Other measurement quantity :
Relative threshold, Absolute threshold, Hysteresis, Time to trigger, CIO
)2/(10)1()/1(/11010 111
aaBest
N
iiNewNew HRLogMWMLogWCIOLogM
A
)2/(10)1(1010 111
aaBest
N
iiNewNew HRLogMWMLogWCIOLogM
A
Page41Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Soft Handover
△ T △ T △ T
1A Event 1B Event Nottri ggered
Report i ngRange
Hyst
C
B
ACPI CHEc/ No
Page42Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Application of Hard Handover in 3G Intra-frequency hard handover
When inter-RNC SHO can’t be executed or is not allowed
Inter-frequency hard handover Needed in certain areas due to network planning
Load balance between frequencies
Inter-RAT handover 2G-3G smooth evolution
The finite coverage range of initial phase of 3G
Page43Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Compressed Mode
Objective of compressed mode: for UE to realize measurement and synchronization to target cell when inter-frequency handover and inter-system handover is required
Page44Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Classification of Compressed Mode Downlink compressed mode
To create time for UE’s measurement and synchronization.
2 optional schemes -- SF/2,higher layer scheduling
Uplink compressed mode
To avoid the interference on its own downlink measurement
and synchronization when UE is measuring certain target
frequency or RAT
2 optional schemes -- SF/2, higher layer scheduling
Page45Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
SRNS(C) Relocation
Advantage of SRNS relocation Reducing data flow on Iur interface
Improving the system’s adaptability.
Reducing the time delay
Problem of SRNS Relocation: a large amount of signaling is needed to interact.
CN
SRNS DRNS
CN
RNS SRNS
Page46Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. Introduction to RRM
2. Channel Configuration
3. Power Control
4. Mobility Management
5. AMR Mode Control
Page47Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
AMR CodingAMR Coding
WCDMA system uses Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) speech
code, which is linear prediction coding
Rate no.
Sub-flow 1 block size
(bit)
Sub-flow 2 block size
(bit)
Sub-flow 3 block size
(bit)
Combination block size
(bit)
rate(kbps)
0 0 0 0 0 No data
1 39 0 0 39 SID
2 42 53 0 95 4.75
3 49 54 0 103 5.15
4 55 63 0 118 5.9
5 58 76 0 134 6.7
6 61 87 0 148 7.4
7 75 84 0 159 7.95
8 65 99 40 204 10.2
9 81 103 60 244 12.2
Page48Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Features of AMR speech: MOS-CIR
Page49Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
AMR Mode Control
AMR mode control is to weigh the load level, and:
Reduce AMR speech rate on heavy load condition, thus
reduce the system load and improve speech quality
relatively
Increase AMR speech rate on light load condition, thus
improve QoS
Reducing of AMR speech rate can widen the uplink
coverage effectively
The AMR speech mode control can be done every 20ms
Thank youwww.huawei.com