OverviewOverview
• Background• Current constellation status• Constellation performance• GPS modernization • Summary
GPS as an EnablerGPS as an Enabler • Aviation Direct Routing• Financial Transactions• Rail Capacity and Safety• Hazmat Tracking• Harbor Approaches• E911 Technology• Agricultural Productivity• Homeland Security• Emergency Response• Communication Capacity• Timing Standard• Space Operations
“GPS is rapidly becoming an integral component of the emerging Global Information Infrastructure, with applications ranging from mapping and surveying to international air traffic management and global change research.” – Presidential Decision Directive (NSTC)-6, March 1996
GPS is Critical to U.S. Economic, GPS is Critical to U.S. Economic, Transportation and Safety Programs Transportation and Safety Programs
Comm.& Timing
E911
Maritime
Commerce
Navigationand
Tracking
Aviation
Railroads
Power Grids
Space
Search &Rescue
YELLOWLAND
ORANGELAND
UAVsUAVs
GPS as an EnablerGPS as an Enabler• Targets hit – one weapon-one target• Distributed network time synch• Maintain ISR “on-station” orbits• Hot handoff between weapon and munitions• Refueling ops to maintain 24/7• Pre-positioned strike packages• Target positions identified/geo-rectified• Fused multiple sensor-data• Synchronized target data hand-off• Space and air sensors tasked to search GPS grids• Orbiting shooters directed toward targets, initial target position
data provided en-route• Shooter mission profile, SMBs updated with final target
coordinates
GPS is Also Critical to US and GPS is Also Critical to US and Coalition Military OperationsCoalition Military Operations
ABCCCABCCC
AWACSAWACS ISR PlatformsISR Platforms
AOC AOC ForwardForward
GPS PolicyGPS PolicyPresidential Decision Directive, 1996Presidential Decision Directive, 1996
• Recognized dual use nature of GPS– Enhances effectiveness of US and allied forces– Rapidly expanding civil, commercial market
• Interagency responsibilities for Department of Defense, Transportation and State
• Provided guidelines to operate and manage GPS– Encourage acceptance of GPS into peaceful civil, commercial and
scientific applications – Promote safety and efficiency in transportation– Encourage private investment in/use of GPS– Strengthen and maintain national security– Promote international cooperation in using GPS for peaceful
purposes
Constellation StatusConstellation Status
• 28 satellites on-orbit– 20 Block II/IIA satellites
– 8 Block IIR satellites
• GPS IIR-9 launched 31 Mar 03
• Next launch is scheduled, GPS IIR-10, Jul 03
• Three additional launches planned for FY2004– GPS IIR-11, GPS IIR-12,
GPS IIR-M1
Constellation PerformanceConstellation PerformanceExceeding requirements!Exceeding requirements!
All Errors Based on Dual Frequency, Signal in Space Only. Information Presented Reflects Data Collected During the Period from January 1, 2003 to
February 4,2003. Thresholds Provided Reflect Average Location Requirements from SPS Signal Specification Dated October, 2001.
PDOP Availability:•Requirement - PDOP of 6 or Less, 98% of the Time or Better•Actual - 99.96408%
Horizontal Service Availability•Requirement - 95% Threshold of 36 meters, 99% of the Time or Better•Actual – 3.25 meters
Vertical Service Availability•Requirement - 95% Threshold of 77 meters, 99% of the Time or Better•Actual – 4.7 meters
User Range Error•Requirement - 6 meters or Less, Constellation Average•Actual - 1.34 meters
Block IIA/IIRBlock IIA/IIR
Block IIIBlock IIIBlock IIR-M, IIFBlock IIR-M, IIFEvolutionary AcquisitionEvolutionary Acquisition:• Navigation Surety - Increased AJ power
- Increased security• Increased Accuracy• Assured Availability• Controlled Integrity• System Survivability• 1st Launch FY12
IIR-MIIR-M: IIA/IIR capabilities plus• 2nd Civil Signal• Earth coverage Military Code• 1st Launch 4QFY04
IIFIIF: IIR-M capability plus• 3rd Civil Signal on L5• 1st Launch 4QFY06
• Basic GPS• Std Service (16-24m SEP)
• Single frequency (L1)• C/A code navigation
• Precise Service (16m SEP)• Two frequencies (L1&L2)• P-code navigation
Flex Power upgrade adds ability to increase power on both P and M-Code signals to defeat low level enemy jamming
Increasing System Capabilities Increasing Defense/ Civil Benefit
GPS Modernization At-A-GPS Modernization At-A-GlanceGlance
GPS Modernized Signal GPS Modernized Signal Evolution Evolution
• C/A: Coarse acquisition• P(Y): Precise, encrypted military signal• L2: Adding C/A-type code• L1 & L2: Adding new military signal (M-Code)• L5: Adding civil “safety of life” signal
L2 L1L5
P(Y)
C/A
P(Y)Present Signal
Modernized IIR
Block III, w/Spot Beam
C/A
C/A
P(Y)
P(Y)
C/A
C/A
P(Y)
M
P(Y)
1176 Mhz
M
P-like
Modernized IIF P(Y)
M C/A
P(Y)
MP-like C/A
M M
1227 Mhz 1575 Mhz
SystemCapabilityObjectives
Space Segment
Control Segment
User Equipment
1802 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 19FY
M-Code (IIR-M / IIF) Launches
Heritage Launches
SAASM Capable
Full M-Code Capable
1st IIR-M 1st IIF
Development DT&E
SAASM UE Production / Platform Installs
M-Code andHi-Power Capable
Development Test
Production / Platform Installs
1st GPS III
Code AIT System Test
GPS III LaunchesR&D Launches
1st Ops Launch
Development DT&E
M-Code UE Development
Inc
rea
sin
g %
Fie
ldin
g
SAASM UEAvailable
Hi-Power-MIC
L5FOC
V 5.5
SAASM IOC SAASMOA
M-Code/L2C FOC
1st MUE ready for Production / Integration
1st Platform(CSEL)
L5IC
R&D
M-Code/L2C IC
Hi-Power-MFOC
GPS IIIA OCS
Legacy V 5.2 V 6.0
1st Prototype
GPSGPSEnterprise Perspective ScheduleEnterprise Perspective Schedule
AIT – Assembly, Integration, & TestingCSEL – Combat Survivor Evader Locator MUE – M-code User EquipmentSAASM – Selective Availability Anti-Spoofing Module
GPS IIR-M DescriptionGPS IIR-M Description
• Modernized Signals• L1 C/A, L2C, • L1, L2 P(Y)• L1, L2 M-Code • Flex Power
• Design Life• 10 Years
• 3 Rubidium Clocks• 8 IIR-M Satellites
• 1st launch 4QFY04
IMPROVED SECURITY & ANTI-JAMIMPROVED SECURITY & ANTI-JAM
GPS IIF DescriptionGPS IIF Description
• Modernized SignalsL1 C/A, L2CL1, L2 P(Y)L1, L2 M-Code L5 New Civil SignalFlex Power
• Design Life12 Years
• 2 Rubidium and1 Cesium Clocks
• 12-16 IIF Satellites1st Launch 4QFY06
IMPROVED ACCURACY, SECURITY & ANTI-JAMIMPROVED ACCURACY, SECURITY & ANTI-JAM
GPS III DescriptionGPS III Description
Second Civil Signal
Maintain Space UserService
Third Civil Signal
1 ON 3menu
2
Rockwell
4 5 6
7 WPT
8 POS
9 NAV
CLRMARK
0 OFF
NUM LOCK
FIX FOM 1N 42* 01” 46.12”W 091* 38’ 54.36”EL + 00862 ft
ZEROIZE
The GPS IIISystem
• Assure the ability to separate, both spatially and spectrally, military and civil capabilities
– High power in a focused areafocused area
– Modernized signal architecture
• Re-look at entire GPS Architecture to:
– Achieve long term GPS performance goals
– Reduce long term total ownership costs
• Ensure best GPS system for the nationfor the next 30 years
• Program plan in-work for DoD approval
• Assure the ability to separate, both spatially and spectrally, military and civil capabilities
– High power in a focused areafocused area
– Modernized signal architecture
• Re-look at entire GPS Architecture to:
– Achieve long term GPS performance goals
– Reduce long term total ownership costs
• Ensure best GPS system for the nationfor the next 30 years
• Program plan in-work for DoD approval
GPS Monitor Stations
L-Band
GPS Ground Antennas
S-Band
Backup Master Control Station (BUMCS)
LMMDS, Gaithersburg, MD
Schriever AFB, CO
• Crew Training Emulator
Vandenberg AFB, CA
• Transportable Ground Antenna• Test Assets
Cape Canaveral, FL
• Master Control Station (MCS)
• Integrated Mission Ops Support Center
• Operational Support System
• AFSCN Command and Control Segment (CCS)
ASCENSION DIEGO GARCIA
HAWAIICAPE CANAVERAL
KWAJALEIN
GAITHERSBURGVANDENBERG
COLORADO SPRINGS
Navstar GPS - Operational Control SegmentNavstar GPS - Operational Control Segment
Current System DescriptionCurrent System Description
GPS Monitor Stations NIMA Monitor
Stations
GPS Ground Antennas
Alternate Master Control Station (AMCS)
VAFB, CA• Crew Training Emulator • System Simulator (AMCS)
Vandenberg AFB, CA
• Transportable Ground Antenna• Test Assets
• System Telecom Simulator (IIF)
Cape Canaveral, FL
• New Master Control Station (NMCS)• Improved operator interfaces• IIR-M and IIF capabilities
• Integrated Mission Ops Support Center
• Operational Support System
• GPS Support Facility
• Launch and Early Orbit, Anomaly Resolution and Disposal Operations (LADO) System
• System Simulator (crew training)
Navstar GPS - Operational Control SegmentNavstar GPS - Operational Control Segment Future System DescriptionFuture System Description
L-Band S-Band
Schriever AFB, CO
Summary Summary
• Sustaining constellation performance– Launching ~3 per year– Keeping 2 launch-ready
• Modernizing by adding new signals and capabilities beginning next year
• Planning to execute for the next generation
GPS is a global utility – Department of Defense is committed to responsible stewardship
Back Up Back Up
Modernization Baseline (IIRM/IIF)
Requirement: ICD-GPS-200 requires minimum received power as measured by +3dB linear antenna with an assumed 2 dB atmospheric loss and other at End-of-LifeMeasured: Average RHCP received power at 5 degrees elevation across all satellites within block
-160.4/-160.2/-161.1-166L2 C/A
-157.7/-156.9/-156.9-160L1 C/A
Measured Performance (dBW)
(II/IIA/IIR)
Signal ChannelSignal Channel
Block II/IIA/IIR Baseline
-153-154L5 Composite (IIF only)
-159.3/-157.7-160L2 L2C
-157.5/-156.1-157.7L1 C/A
Expected Performance (dBW)
Requirement(dBW)
Signal Channel
Requirement: Based average RHCP received power at 5 degree elevation with an assumed 0.5 dB atmospheric loss (Compliance to ICD 200 still required)
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