Organizational BehaviorMs. Faiza Rasheed
Institute of Business & ManagementUniversity of Engineering &Technology,
Lahore
Organizational Behavior In An Engineering Organization
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Saquib Akram ExMBA-SPR13-002
Kamran Saqib EMBA-SPR13-001
Adil Rashid EMBA-SPR13-005
Iftikhar Haider ExMBA-SPR13-001
Group Members
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ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUROrganizational Behaviour is a field of study that
investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within an organization.
What does it study?It studies three determinants of behavior in organization
Individuals, Groups, Structure
Applying such knowledgeOB applies knowledge about individuals, groups and the
effect of structure on behavior in order to make organization work more effectively.
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CONTRIBUTING DICIPLINES TO THE FIELD OF OBPsychology
Sociology
Social psychology
Anthropology
CONTRIBUTING DISCIPLINES TO THE FIELD OF OBBehavioral Science Contribution Unit of
AnalysisOutput
Psychology
Sociology
Social psychology
Anthropology
LearningMotivationPersonalityEmotionsPerceptionTrainingLeadership
Job satisfactionDecision makingPerformance appraisalAttitudeSelectionWork designStress
Group dynamicsWork teamsCommunication
PowerConflictIntergroup Behaviour
Formal organizational theoryOrganizational technology
Organizational changeOrganizational culture
Behavioural changeAttitude changeCommunication
Group processesGroup decision making
Comparative values & attitudesCross culture analysis
Organizational culture &environment
Individual
Group
Organization System
Study ofO B
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Organizational Behavior
Organizational Structure
Organizational Environment
Organizational Culture
PersonalityPerception
Communication
Job Attitudes
& Job Satisfactio
nMotivation
Decision Making
Management & Leadership
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Based on project requirement of Multinational large or medium size organization, we identify:
National Engineering Services (pvt.) Ltd. Pakistan
NESPAKIt is one of largest consultancy firm and has its roots in Asia and Africa
Organization
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NESPAK was established in 1973 as a private limited company by the Government of Pakistan.
NESPAK is Pakistan’s premier consultancy organization.
It is ranked amongst the world’s top 200 consulting firms.
The objective of its creation was to create a pool of talented engineers, attain self-reliance in engineering consultancy and replace foreign consultants.
Introduction
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Water Resource & AgriculturePower & MechanicalEnvironmental and Public Health EngineeringHighways & Transportation EngineeringArchitecture & PlanningConstruction ManagementStructural EngineeringGeotechnical & Geo Environmental
Engineering
Divisions
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Computer ApplicationContracts ManagementEconomic Studies Building Services & HVAC
Regional Offices in Peshawar, Islamabad and Karachi
Specialty Divisions
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Organizational Behaviour
Organizational
Structure
Organizational Environment
Organizational Culture
PersonalityPerception
Communication
Job Attitudes
& Job Satisfactio
nMotivation
Decision Making
Management & Leadership
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NESPAK is a multi-disciplinary consulting company that has evolved a Divisional Organizational Structure suited to its specific needs.
Divisional Structure: Type of Departmentalization in which positions are
grouped according to similarity of products (projects) or services.
Simplified coordination across functions.Strong Customer OrientationAccurate performance measurement and broad training
in management skills
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
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Organizational Behavior
Organizational Structure
Organizational
Environment
Organizational Culture
PersonalityPerception
Communication
Job Attitudes
& Job Satisfactio
nMotivation
Decision Making
Management & Leadership
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EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
Customers
CompetitorsPublicPressureGroups
NESPAK
GeneralEnvironment
SpecificEnvironment
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SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTForces that have direct and immediate effect
on Manager’s decisions and actions.
Customers- Clients (Public & Private Sectors)
Competitors-companies like ECSP, ACE, EA
Pressure Groups- Government Authorities & Stakeholders
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GENERAL ENVIRONMENTBroad conditions that may effect the
organization.Political Conditions-Federal and Local Laws, Political StabilityEconomic Conditions-Interest Rates, Inflation, Business Cycle StagesTechnological Conditions-Scientific & Industrial InnovationsGlobal Conditions-International exposure & Competitors
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Organizational Behavior
Organizational Structure
Organizational Environment
Organizational Culture
PersonalityPerception
Communication
Job Attitudes
& Job Satisfactio
nMotivation
Decision Making
Management & Leadership
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Organizational Culture:Organizational culture refers to a system of shared
meaning held by members that distinguishes the organization from other organizations.
Characteristics of Organizational Culture in NESPAK: The organizational culture is Strong and Dominant.
Following are its characteristics:-Attention to Details-Outcome Orientation-Team Orientation-Aggressiveness-Stability
ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE
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Organizational Behavior
Organizational Structure
Organizational Environment
Organizational Culture
PersonalityPerception
Communication
Job Attitudes
& Job Satisfactio
nMotivation
Decision Making
Management & Leadership
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PERSONALITY Type A Personality:
Strive to think or do two or more things at once.
Cannot cope with leisure time.Are obsessed with numbers, measuring
their success in terms of how many or how much of everything they acquire.
Personality Job-Fit:Conventional rule regulatedPracticalUnimaginative Inflexible
Locus of Control: Internal-They control what happens to them
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Organizational Behavio
ur
Organizational Structure
Organizational Environment
Organizational Culture
Personality
Perception Communication
Job Attitudes & Job Satisfaction
Motivation
Decision Making
Management & Leadership
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PerceptionIndividuals organize and
interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment.
People’s behavior is based on their perception of what reality is, not on reality itself
Perception Errors in NESPAK:Contrast Effect: Affected by
comparisons with other individuals recently encountered
Stereotyping Judging someone on
your perception
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Organizational Behavio
ur
Organizational Structure
Organizational Environment
Organizational Culture
Personality
Perception Communication
Job Attitudes & Job Satisfaction
Motivation
Decision Making
Management & Leadership
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JOB ATTITUDE & JOB SATISFACTIONJob Attitude:
Favorable or unfavorableManagers only concerns about the Work related attitude
Job Satisfaction:Individual’s overall attitude towards his or her job
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FACTORS TO JOB SATISFACTIONRewards System
Work Recognition
Supervisory Behavior
Working Conditions
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Organizational Behavio
ur
Organizational Structure
Organizational Environment
Organizational Culture
Personality
Perception Communication
Job Attitudes & Job Satisfaction
Motivation
Decision Making
Management & Leadership
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MOTIVATIONProcesses that accounts for
individual’s effort towards attaining a goal.
Key Elements of Motivation:
Intensity
Direction
Persistence
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Motivation: TWO FACTOR THEORY
Focuses on sources of work satisfaction and on how to design the job to make the work itself more enriching and challenging (Locke and Latham, 2004).
The Motivator – Hygiene theory builds on a theory of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
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TWO FACTOR THEORY: NESPAK
Hygiene Factors– Extrinsic & Related to
Dissatisfaction
Motivation Factors– Intrinsic and Related
to Satisfaction
Hygiene Factors:•Salary(Pay)•Supervision•Company Policies•Work Conditions
Motivators: •Promotion•Achievement•Growth•Recognition
• Hygiene factors help to prevent dissatisfaction• Motivators help to promote satisfaction
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MOTIVATOR FACTORSPromotion -With experience, Annual Performance
ReportsAchievement- Successful Target Completion, self
motivationGrowth-High performance lead to new trainings
& skill developmentRecognition-Bonuses, Leave For Approvals
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HYGIENE FACTORSSupervision-Rigid Behavior of Managers, Relationship with
peers and subordinates
Salary- Pay according to Grades in hierarchy, Increment
Contract wise.
Company Policies- Strict adherence to company policies, mostly
applicable to Lower Management
Work Condition- Favoritism, Grouping among Top Managers, Non-
Supportive peers
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MOTIVATION IMPROVING FACTORS
The methods applied in NESPAK are described as under:
Job Enrichment
Employee Involvement
Job Sharing
Rewards
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Organizational Behavio
r
Organizational Structure
Organizational Environment
Organizational Culture
Personality
Perception Communication
Job Attitudes & Job Satisfaction
Motivation
Decision Making
Management & Leadership
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Upward
Downward
Lateral
Organizational COMMUNICATIONIn all the divisions of NESPAK,
Communication is done To control the taskTo share informationTo motivate employees
Conventional and Analogous communication process.
The flow of communication is both vertical and lateral.
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Communication Processes
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COMMUNICATION PROCESS IN NESPAKSender- Project Managers, Vice PresidentsEncoding- Message with Job Instructions, Documentations,
Drawings Channels-Through Memos, Letters, Notices, Routing SlipsReceiver- Received by individuals, teams or groupsDecoding-Understand the nature of instructions and implementNoise-Avoid additional information.Feedback-Confirmation of receiving the message
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Organizational Behavio
r
Organizational Structure
Organizational Environment
Organizational Culture
Personality
Perception Communication
Job Attitudes & Job Satisfaction
Motivation
Decision Making
Management & Leadership
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Decision MakingNESPAK being semi-public sector organization, so the
decision making takes place at upper levels of the organization making it a Centralized and formalized organization.
Characteristics:Environment is stable.Lower-level managers are not as capable or experienced
at making decisions as upper-level managersLower-level managers do not want a say in decisions.Effective implementation of company strategies depends
on managers retaining say over what happens.Standardized jobs and the extent to which employee
behavior is guided by rules and procedures.
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Organizational Behavio
r
Organizational Structure
Organizational Environment
Organizational Culture
Personality
Perception Communication
Job Attitudes & Job Satisfaction
Motivation
Decision Making
Management & Leadership
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MANAGEMENT APPROACHNESPAK is a semi-public sector organizationBureaucratic style of management.The top management involves in decision
making.Middle Management plays the role of
supervisors and follows top management.Lower Management are executioners which
follows set of rules, procedures and hierarchy.
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LEADERSHIPIn NESPAK, there isDirective Leadership Style:
Have firm views about how and when things should be done
Leave little freedom for subordinates to display independence.
Expects that the methods and schedules as originally laid down shall be adhered.
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Set priorities, timely rewards for Employees.Job Enrichment and Employee’s involvement should be a priority.You cannot strict to one way of communication but you have to adopt
according to need for fast response and for effective work to increase the productivity.
Delegate more controls to Functional Managers for timely completion of tasks and projects.
Training programs for Employees showing great potential.Better communication has low chances of errors and healthy relationships
with employees be established.Relationship of an organization with its customers is very important, so the
employees should be properly trained for the process.Finally, support systems, computers, special equipments and software's can
be assigned to many projects, lowering the system cost.
Suggestions/ Comments
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